seed production and cultural practaces acc. to CSKHPKV palampur conditions

1. Submitted to: Dr. Sanjay Chadda
Submitted by: Ajay Chauhan (A-2015-30-071)

2. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
 Introduction:
• Family: Crucifereae or Brassicaceae
• 2n=2X=18
• Broccoli (Italian word) derived from Latin word brachium meaning an
arm or branch.
• In Italy, used as vegetable from early times
• In USA large part of the produce goes to freezing industry
• Edible part comprises unopened green flower bud clusters along with
part of fleshy stem
• All the species of Brassica contains glucosinolates (goitrogenic
substance)
• Broccoli is very rich in:
• Vitamin-A:2500 IU
• Vitamin-C: 113mg
• Calcium(Ca): 103 mg
• Phosphorus(P): 78 mg
• Potassium(K): 382 mg
• Also rich in Sulphoraphane (having anticancer property)
Per 100 g edible portion

3. • All cole crops originated from a common parent, the wild
cabbage or ‘Colewart’, Brassica oleracea var. sylvestris
somewhere along the coasts of Mediterranean sea.
• Present day varieties developed in Italy in the past 2000
years.
• Till 1660 it was referred to as ‘Colliflower’ or ‘Italian
asparagus’
• Broccoli is a cool season crop & sensitive to high
temperatures
• Grown during winters in plains and in summers in high hills
• Temperature requirement:
• For seed germination: 25-30°C
• For growth and development: 10-20°C
• Optimum for its cultivation: 15-20°C
• Sandy loam soils, rich in organic matter having good drainage
with pH 5.5-6.8 are well suited.

4.  Varieties:
i) On the basis of maturity:
Early season (58-65 days) Mid season (65-75 days) Late season (>75 days)
Gypsy (F1, 58 days) Marathon (F1, 68 days) Green Sprouting Late
Blue Wind (F1, 49-55 days) Belstar (F1, 65-75 days) Palam Haritika
De Cicco (OP, 48 days) Diplomat (F1, 68 days)
Resistant to downy mildew
Amadeus (F1, 56 days) Express (F1, 75 days)
Arcadia (F1, 63-68 days) Waltham 29 (OP, 63-74 days)
ii) On the basis of head type: Sprouting & heading type
Sprouting type Yield Remarks
Palam Samridhi 150-200 q/ha CSKHPKV, recommended for HP & Rajasthan
Palam Haritika 175-225 q/ha CSKHPKV, for HP, Delayed maturity
Pusa Broccoli (KTS-1) IARI Regional Research Station, Katrain for HP
Apollo F1, 60-90 days
Santee F1, 80-115 days- Purple sprouting broccoli

5. Sprouting broccoli Heading broccoli

6. Heading broccoli Yield Released by
Palam Kanchan 250-275 q/ha CSKHPKV, Large yellowish green heads
Palam Vichitra 200-225 q/ha CSKHPKV, Compact purple colour heas
On the basis of head type (contd..)
iii) Heat tolerant varieties:
•Flash: ready to harvest in 60 days of planting
•Green Magic: green blue heads, good for freezing
iv) Side shoot producers:
•Green Goliath
•Bonanza
•De Cicco
•Waltham
v) Speciality broccoli varieties:
•Romanesco broccoli: it has a distinct fractal appearance of its heads and is
yellow green in colour. It is technically a Botrytis group cultivar.
•Broccoflower: cross between Broccoli × Cauliflower eg. Veronica
•Broccolini: natural hybrid between Broccoli × Chinese kale

7. Romaneso broccoli
Broccoflower
Broccolini

8.  Sowing time:
• Plains / low hills: August to September
• Hills & dry temperate areas: from March-April
 Seed rate: 500g/ha
 Spacing:
• Transplanting should be done in evening hours
• 60X60 cm or 60X45 cm
• At higher spacing, main and lateral head size is improved
 The amount and frequency of irrigation depends
upon soil type, environmental conditions and stage of
crop growth.
 However, irrigation is must immediately after
transplanting of seedlings.
 Cole crops are shallow rooted crops, therefore they
requires frequent and light irrigations.

9.  FYM: 200 q/ha
 P2O5: 50-60 kg/ha
 K2O: 50-60 kg/ha
 N: 80-100 kg/ha
Full doses at the time of land
preparation as basal dose
½ N as basal dose
Remaining ½ in 2-3 splits

10.  Weeds create a serious problem in the cultivation of the
cole crops due to wide spacing, higher fertility and
frequent irrigations
 1-2 shallow hoeings in early stages should be done to
remove weeds and facilitate aeration
 Pre-plant soil incorporation of herbicides like
Fluchloralin (0.75-1.0 kg/ha) or pre-transplant surface
application of Pendimethalin (1.0 kg/ha) controls the
weeds effectively
 Broccoli may take 45-90 days after transplanting
depending upon cultivar and environment
 The head is harvested along with about 6-8 inch long
stem
 Removal of primary head can extend the harvest period
because of the proliferation of lateral inflorescences
 Yield varies from 150-250 q/ha

11. Post harvest handling and storage
• At temperature 0°C and >95% RH, broccoli can be
stored for 21-28 days
• Broccoli should be cooled rapidly by liquid icing in
the field packed cartons
• Refrigerated transport is must for long distance
transportation

12. Insect-pests
Insect-pests Control measures
Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae) Sprays of 0.05% Chlopyriphos and 0.4 %
Thuricide
Diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) Foliar spray of Permethrin (0.2 kg a.i.),
Use of mustard as trap crop.
Mustard sawfly (Althalia lugens proxima) Dusting with sevin @ 20-25 kg/ha or spraying
the same @ 5 g per litre of water.
Mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi) and
Painted bug (Bagrada cruciferarum)
Spraying with dimethoate @ 1 ml/litre of
water,
Soil application of phorate 10 G @ 15 kg/ha

13. Diseases
Diseases Control measures
Damping off (Pythium spp.,
Phytophthora spp., Fusarium spp.)
•Provide good drainage
•Treat the soil with Formalin (5%)
•Seed teatment with Captan (2.5 g/kg seed)
Downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) Spray Ridomil MZ @ 3g/L of water
Black Spot (Alternaria brassicicola and
A.brassicae)
Follow phytosanitary practices and spray
mancozeb/iprodione @ 0.25%
Black Rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv.
campestris)
Use healthy seed or give a hot water treatment to
seeds at 50 C for 20 minutes. Disinfecting of seed
beds with formaldehyde solution (1:7) is important.
Black leg (Phoma lingum) Spray the seedling with copper oxychloride (0.3 per
cent)

14. Thanks