Cryogenic treatment is a process that involves cooling materials like steel to very low cryogenic temperatures, typically between -150 to -300°C, to improve properties. There are two main types: shallow cryogenic treatment cools just the surface, while deep cryogenic treatment cools the entire cross-section. The cryogenic process modifies the material's microstructure and properties. Some benefits of cryogenic treatment for steels include improved wear resistance, hardness, and fatigue strength of cutting tools, dies, and other industrial parts. It can extend the lifetime of tooling and reduce manufacturing costs. Cryogenic treatment uses liquid nitrogen or helium stored in vacuum-insulated containers called Dewars to achieve very low temperatures needed.

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By:By:
DEEPAK KUMAR SINGHDEEPAK KUMAR SINGH
Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering
13013220231301322023
SEMINAR PERSENTATIONSEMINAR PERSENTATION
ONON

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Content
Introduction
Cryogenics History
Process of cryogenic treatment
Application of cryogenic Treatment
Other application of crygenic treatment

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IntroductionIntroduction
 ““The word Cryogenics is derived from the Greek wordsThe word Cryogenics is derived from the Greek words
'Kryos" (meaning cold) and "Genes" (meaning born). The'Kryos" (meaning cold) and "Genes" (meaning born). The
word cryogenics literally means "the production of icyword cryogenics literally means "the production of icy
cold".cold".
 Cryogenics is the study of how to attain lowCryogenics is the study of how to attain low
temperatures and how materials behave when these lowtemperatures and how materials behave when these low
temperatures are attained.temperatures are attained.
 Cryogenics is defined as the branches of physics andCryogenics is defined as the branches of physics and
engineering that study very low temperatures, how toengineering that study very low temperatures, how to
produce them, and how materials behave at thoseproduce them, and how materials behave at those
temperatures. Cryogenics deals with low temperatures,temperatures. Cryogenics deals with low temperatures,
from about 100 Kelvin to absolute zero.from about 100 Kelvin to absolute zero.

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 Cryogenic treatment is a one-time permanentCryogenic treatment is a one-time permanent
treatment process and it affects the entire cross-treatment process and it affects the entire cross-
section of the material. Usually done at the endsection of the material. Usually done at the end
of conventional heat treatment process butof conventional heat treatment process but
before tempering.before tempering.
 The cryogenic processing is modification of aThe cryogenic processing is modification of a
material or component using cryogenicmaterial or component using cryogenic
temperatures.temperatures.
Cryogenic TreatmentCryogenic Treatment

5. Classification of cryogenic treatmentClassification of cryogenic treatment
 Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT)-Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT)-
 Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCTDeep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT
Process of Heat Treatment sequenceProcess of Heat Treatment sequence
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6. Cryo-TreatmentCryo-Treatment
1) cooling of tool material from room
temperature, at an extremely slow rate
2)Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT) for
3) Deep Cryo-genic Treatment (DCT) for
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 Commonly used gases, in their liquid form, areCommonly used gases, in their liquid form, are
nitrogen and helium. These are the commonnitrogen and helium. These are the common
cryogenic liquids.cryogenic liquids.
 Liquid Helium and Nitrogen are usually stored inLiquid Helium and Nitrogen are usually stored in
vacuum insulated flasks called Dewars.vacuum insulated flasks called Dewars.
NitrogenNitrogen
 Nitrogen condenses at -195.8 C (77.36 Kelvin) andNitrogen condenses at -195.8 C (77.36 Kelvin) and
freezes at -209.86 C (63.17 Kelvin). Liquidfreezes at -209.86 C (63.17 Kelvin). Liquid
nitrogen is used in many cooling systems.nitrogen is used in many cooling systems.
HeliumHelium
 Helium boils at -268.93 C (4.2 Kelvin) and does notHelium boils at -268.93 C (4.2 Kelvin) and does not
freeze at atmospheric pressurefreeze at atmospheric pressure
How to Achieve low TemperatureHow to Achieve low Temperature
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9. ADVANTAGE OF CRYOGENICADVANTAGE OF CRYOGENIC
TREATMEANT OF STEELSTREATMEANT OF STEELS
 Cutting tools for different machining operations: sawing,Cutting tools for different machining operations: sawing,
milling, drilling, broaching, turning, shearingmilling, drilling, broaching, turning, shearing
 Metal forming tools: dies, molds, punchesMetal forming tools: dies, molds, punches
 High precision parts: gauge, guide, shaftsHigh precision parts: gauge, guide, shafts
 Parts of high performance (sport) car engines andParts of high performance (sport) car engines and
transmissions: crankshafts connecting rods piston rings,transmissions: crankshafts connecting rods piston rings,
engine block, gear parts, camshaftsengine block, gear parts, camshafts
Some practical Advantages:-Some practical Advantages:-
 Delayed purchase of new toolingDelayed purchase of new tooling
 Decreased resharpen and reworkDecreased resharpen and rework
 Less scheduled down time to change toolingLess scheduled down time to change tooling
 lower labor costlower labor cost
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