CRISPR technology allows for genome editing using a prokaryotic immune system called CRISPR/Cas. The system works by adapting spacers from viral DNA, producing CRISPR RNA, and targeting matching sequences. It is being applied in industry to make bacterial cultures virus-resistant, in labs for genetic engineering, and in medicine for treating genetic diseases and developing more specific antibiotics. CRISPR represents a major breakthrough in biotechnology due to its simpler design compared to prior genome editing tools.

1. CRISPR TECHNOLOGY
Guided by:
Mr.Baji.K
Presented by:
P.Navaneeth Krishna Menon

2. INTRODUCTION
• What is CRISPR Technology?
• Clustered Regularly
Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats.
• CRISPR/Cas system is
used for genome editing.
2

3. CRISPR/Cas System
• CRISPRs are segments of prokaryotic DNA
containing short repetitions of base sequences.
• CRISPR/Cas system is a prokaryotic
immune system that confers
resistance to foreign genetic elements
such as phages.
• Much easier to design compared to its
predecessors zinc finger nucleases and
TALENs.
3

4. • Spacers are fragments of DNA gathered from the
viruses that had tried to attack the cell.
• CRISPR loci range from 24 to 48 bp.
• CRISPR-associated(cas) genes are attached
to the repeater-spacer array.
4

5. Action of CRISPR
The CRISPR immune system works to protect
bacteria from repeated viral attack via three basic
steps:
(1) Adaptation
(2) Production of CRISPR RNA
(3) Targeting
5

6. 6

7. APPLICATIONS
In industry:
CRISPR system are advantageous for
industrial processes that utilize bacterial
cultures.
CRISPR-based immunity can be employed
to make these cultures more resistant to
viral attack, which would otherwise impede
productivity.
Eg: Streptococcus thermophilus, which is
used to make yogurts and cheeses.
7

8. In the lab:
8

9. 9

10. IIn Medicine:
Treatment of genetic diseases.
To make more specific antibiotics that
target only disease-causing bacterial
strains while sparing beneficial bacteria.
Researches are being carried out to
make WBCs resistant to HIV infection.
10

11. CONCLUSION
Jennifer Doudna ,Emmanuelle Charpentier and Feng Zhang
11

12. 12

13. 13

14. REFERENCE
• http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2014/crispr-genetic-
engineering-technique/
• Horvath P, Barrangou R (2010). "CRISPR/Cas, the immune
system of bacteria and archaea". Science 327 (5962): 167–70
• https://www.addgene.org/crispr/guide/
• Sawyer E (9 February 2013). "Editing Genomes with the
Bacterial Immune System".Scitable (blog). Nature Publishing
Group.
14

15. 15