SIGS-A potential biopesticide strategy in Plant Disease Management.pptxVajrammaBoggala
Sustainable Plant Disease Management (PDM) demands novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective and transgenic-free strategies. Plant breeding is obstructed by inadequate disease-resistant sources, and still involves a costly, time-consuming transgenic process, even with the most advanced gene editing technologies like Crispr/cas9 and the existing RNA interference (RNAi) technologies like Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) and Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS). As a result, current crop protection strategies are majorly depending on chemical pesticides at the cost of environmental safety, which is creating an urgent need to develop alternative means in plant protection to avoid chemical pesticides and time consuming transgenic approaches. Recent new studies demonstrated the most advanced gene silencing strategy such as Spray Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) i.e. spraying double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) on plant surfaces by targeting essential pathogen genes to silence/knockdown the mRNA at post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) level in order to confer crop protection in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Globally lot of research work is going on efficacy of dsRNA sprays, formulations, delivery methods and its commercial production, to exploit the advantage in PDM
Engineering plant immunity using crispr cas9 to generate virus resistanceSheikh Mansoor
Targeted genome editing by use of artificial nucleases has the plausible potential to speed basic research as well as plant breeding by providing the means to modify genomes quickly in a specific and predictable manner but advanced CRISPR-Cas9 based technologies first confirmed in mammalian cell systems are quickly being fitted for use in plants. These new technologies increase CRISPR-Cas9’s utility and effectiveness by diversifying cellular capabilities through expression construct system evolution and enzyme orthogonality, as well as enhanced efficiency through delivery and expression mechanisms. RNA-guided genome editing using Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) has renewed the concept of genome editing in plants. CRISPR-associated surveillance complexes are easily programmable molecular sleds that can target any sequence of choice. These complexes offer new opportunities for implementation in biotechnology. Recent studies have used CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer virus resistance in plants, either by directly targeting and cleaving the viral genome, or by modifying the host plant genome to introduce viral immunity. The CRISPR/Cas9 platform could also be used for targeted mutagenesis to identify host factors that control plant resistance and susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers a promising approach for under- standing and engineering resistance to single and multiple viral infections in plants.
Genome editing in crop improvement one of the desirable biotechnology concept. It is useful for the production of new varieties against resistance to diseases and insect pests
SIGS-A potential biopesticide strategy in Plant Disease Management.pptxVajrammaBoggala
Sustainable Plant Disease Management (PDM) demands novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective and transgenic-free strategies. Plant breeding is obstructed by inadequate disease-resistant sources, and still involves a costly, time-consuming transgenic process, even with the most advanced gene editing technologies like Crispr/cas9 and the existing RNA interference (RNAi) technologies like Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) and Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS). As a result, current crop protection strategies are majorly depending on chemical pesticides at the cost of environmental safety, which is creating an urgent need to develop alternative means in plant protection to avoid chemical pesticides and time consuming transgenic approaches. Recent new studies demonstrated the most advanced gene silencing strategy such as Spray Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) i.e. spraying double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) on plant surfaces by targeting essential pathogen genes to silence/knockdown the mRNA at post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) level in order to confer crop protection in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Globally lot of research work is going on efficacy of dsRNA sprays, formulations, delivery methods and its commercial production, to exploit the advantage in PDM
Engineering plant immunity using crispr cas9 to generate virus resistanceSheikh Mansoor
Targeted genome editing by use of artificial nucleases has the plausible potential to speed basic research as well as plant breeding by providing the means to modify genomes quickly in a specific and predictable manner but advanced CRISPR-Cas9 based technologies first confirmed in mammalian cell systems are quickly being fitted for use in plants. These new technologies increase CRISPR-Cas9’s utility and effectiveness by diversifying cellular capabilities through expression construct system evolution and enzyme orthogonality, as well as enhanced efficiency through delivery and expression mechanisms. RNA-guided genome editing using Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) has renewed the concept of genome editing in plants. CRISPR-associated surveillance complexes are easily programmable molecular sleds that can target any sequence of choice. These complexes offer new opportunities for implementation in biotechnology. Recent studies have used CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer virus resistance in plants, either by directly targeting and cleaving the viral genome, or by modifying the host plant genome to introduce viral immunity. The CRISPR/Cas9 platform could also be used for targeted mutagenesis to identify host factors that control plant resistance and susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers a promising approach for under- standing and engineering resistance to single and multiple viral infections in plants.
Genome editing in crop improvement one of the desirable biotechnology concept. It is useful for the production of new varieties against resistance to diseases and insect pests
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, people are becoming infected at an alarming rate, individuals are unknowingly spreading disease, and more lives are lost every day. There is
an immediate need for a simple, rapid, early, and sensitive point-of-care testing for COVID-
19 disease. Recently,
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based detection methods have received substantial attention for nucleic acid-based molecular testing due to their simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity. This review explores the various CRISPR-based COVID-19 detection methods and related diagnostic devices. As with any emerging technology, CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid testing methods have several
challenges that must be overcome for practical applications in clinics and hospitals. More importantly, these detection methods are not limited to COVID-19 but can be applied to detect any type of pathogen, virus, and fungi that may threaten humans, agriculture, and food industries in resource-limited settings. CRISPR/Cas-based detection methods have the potential to become simpler, more reliable, more affordable, and faster in the near future, which is highly important for achieving point-of-care diagnostics.
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)Akshay Deshmukh
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria. Now CRISPR use as genome editing tool in different Plant Breeder to manipulate the DNA of the crop
It is very fast and new technique for detection and degradation of viral DNA and it is so helpful for us to understand how to degraded viral DNA... what type of function naturally present in bacteria........ so its very excellent technique
High-value pleiotropic genes for developing multiple stress-tolerant biofort...PABOLU TEJASREE
Modern agriculture confronts multifaceted challenges, encompassing biotic and abiotic stresses alongside malnutrition. Biofortified crops emerge as a pivotal solution, augmenting nutritional quality during plant growth. By harnessing specific genes with pleiotropic effects for stress tolerance, these crops exhibit heightened yields, resilience against pests and diseases, and adaptability to environmental stressors. This innovation not only secures food safety and nutrition but also fosters the development of "high-value farms," ensuring sustainable escalation in global food productivity and stable food prices.
Conclusion: Integrating diverse transgenes and gene editing with omics approaches enhances stress tolerance and nutritional content in biofortified crops. This holistic strategy enables precise modifications to crop genomes and comprehensive insights into stress responses and nutrient metabolism, ensuring sustainable food production and nutrition security.
The last decade has seen the fields of molecular biology and genetics transformed by the development of CRISPR-based gene editing technologies. These technologies were derived from bacterial defense systems that protect against viral invasion. In the past few years, a variety of phages and other mobile genetic elements have been shown to encode anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) that interact directly (in a sequence-independent manner) with components of the CRISPR-Cas system and inactivate it. The discovery of anti-CRISPR proteins has opened up a new area of phage research and has provided a valuable addition to the CRISPR toolbox as an ‘off switch’’ for Cas9 activity. But, most of the CRISPR-Cas systems still have no known inhibitors, suggesting that many anti-CRISPR protein families are yet to be discovered which can be used as regulators for genome engineering and other biotechnological applications.
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, people are becoming infected at an alarming rate, individuals are unknowingly spreading disease, and more lives are lost every day. There is
an immediate need for a simple, rapid, early, and sensitive point-of-care testing for COVID-
19 disease. Recently,
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based detection methods have received substantial attention for nucleic acid-based molecular testing due to their simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity. This review explores the various CRISPR-based COVID-19 detection methods and related diagnostic devices. As with any emerging technology, CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid testing methods have several
challenges that must be overcome for practical applications in clinics and hospitals. More importantly, these detection methods are not limited to COVID-19 but can be applied to detect any type of pathogen, virus, and fungi that may threaten humans, agriculture, and food industries in resource-limited settings. CRISPR/Cas-based detection methods have the potential to become simpler, more reliable, more affordable, and faster in the near future, which is highly important for achieving point-of-care diagnostics.
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)Akshay Deshmukh
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria. Now CRISPR use as genome editing tool in different Plant Breeder to manipulate the DNA of the crop
It is very fast and new technique for detection and degradation of viral DNA and it is so helpful for us to understand how to degraded viral DNA... what type of function naturally present in bacteria........ so its very excellent technique
High-value pleiotropic genes for developing multiple stress-tolerant biofort...PABOLU TEJASREE
Modern agriculture confronts multifaceted challenges, encompassing biotic and abiotic stresses alongside malnutrition. Biofortified crops emerge as a pivotal solution, augmenting nutritional quality during plant growth. By harnessing specific genes with pleiotropic effects for stress tolerance, these crops exhibit heightened yields, resilience against pests and diseases, and adaptability to environmental stressors. This innovation not only secures food safety and nutrition but also fosters the development of "high-value farms," ensuring sustainable escalation in global food productivity and stable food prices.
Conclusion: Integrating diverse transgenes and gene editing with omics approaches enhances stress tolerance and nutritional content in biofortified crops. This holistic strategy enables precise modifications to crop genomes and comprehensive insights into stress responses and nutrient metabolism, ensuring sustainable food production and nutrition security.
The last decade has seen the fields of molecular biology and genetics transformed by the development of CRISPR-based gene editing technologies. These technologies were derived from bacterial defense systems that protect against viral invasion. In the past few years, a variety of phages and other mobile genetic elements have been shown to encode anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) that interact directly (in a sequence-independent manner) with components of the CRISPR-Cas system and inactivate it. The discovery of anti-CRISPR proteins has opened up a new area of phage research and has provided a valuable addition to the CRISPR toolbox as an ‘off switch’’ for Cas9 activity. But, most of the CRISPR-Cas systems still have no known inhibitors, suggesting that many anti-CRISPR protein families are yet to be discovered which can be used as regulators for genome engineering and other biotechnological applications.
Artifial intellegence in Plant diseases detection and diagnosis N.H. Shankar Reddy
in advancement with technology, nowadays plant diseases are detected by using AI, this topic clearly demonstrates various ways of AI in plant disease detection and technologies involved in it.
Managing soil-borne plant pathogens by means of biological agents is become widely popular and practical nowadays to avoid getting problems from synthetic control measures, this ppt clear describes various important bioagents in the management of soil-borne plant pathogens
Role of antimicrobial peptides in plant disease management N.H. Shankar Reddy
It is one of the advanced topics in plant disease management, detailed information about antimicrobial peptides and their role in plant disease management is furnished clearly.
Quarantine regulation and impact of modern detection methods N.H. Shankar Reddy
Detailed descriptions about quarantine and regulations, new laws, and new techniques are using in plant quarantine for the detection of plant pathogens are described
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
3. • CRISPR - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats
• Adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea
• Crispr sequence are present in more than 40% of
bacteria and 90% of archae
• In 1987, Atsuo Nakata and his group from Osaka
university described crispr in E. coli K12 strain
• In 2005, Bolotin and his group identified the
crispr’s function
INTRODUCTION
3
4. 1987-Researchers found CRISPR
sequence in Escherichia coli(E coli),but
did not characterize their function.
(Ishano et al.1987)
2000 - CRISPR sequences are
found to be common in other
microbes. (Mojica et al 2000)
2005- Bolotin et al.,
identified the role of
CRISPR as adaptive
immune system in
prokaryotes
2012 - Proposal CRISPR for
Genome editing (Jinek, Doudna,
Charpentier et al. 2012)
2013-first demonstration of
Cas 9 genome engineering in
eukaryotic cell. (Zhang et al
2013)
2013-first demonstration of Cas9
genome engineering in plant cells.
(Zhang et al 2013)
HISTORY
4
5. CRISPR locus is consist of
cas operon (contains all the Cas protein coding genes)
CRISPR repeats
DNA-targeting spacers
Repeats- 25-35bp
Spacer- 30-40bp
5
6. Adaptation
crRNA biogenesis
Target interference
GENERAL MECHANISMOF CRISPRCAS in bacteria
Qomi et al. 2019
6
8. Based on the effector module :
Class 1 need complex of multi cas effector nucleases.
Class 2 need only one single cas effector nucleases.
Classificationof crispr cas system
Koonin et al. 2019
8
10. CRISPR CAS 9 TECHNOLOGY
2020 - Emmanuelle
Charpentier and Jennifer
doudna was awarded Nobel
price in chemistry for
developing the CRISPR cas
9 technology.
CLASS 2 CRISPR SYSTEM
Type II CRISPR-Cas System
10
11. COMPONENTS OF CRISPR Cas 9
crRNA
tracrRNA ( trans-activating CRISPR
RNA)
RNaseIII
Cas 9 endonunuclease protein 11
12. Structure of cas 9
Cas9 protein has 6
domains
Recognition lobe
• REC I
• REC II
Nuclease lobe
• HNH
• RuvC
• single bridge helix
• PAM-interacting
domain
12
23. Applicationof cas 12 and cas 13 protein
Hillary et al.
23
DETECTR – DNA endonuclease targeted CRISPR trans reporter
SHERLOCK – Specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking
41. Diagnostic method Organism
detected
Reference
One-Pot RT-RPA–
CRISPR/Cas12a
Assay
PVX and PVY Aman et al.,2020
One pot lateral flow
detection and all-in-
one chip lateral flow
assay (AOCLFA)
Leptosphaeria
maculans
Lei et al., 2021
41
42. CRISPR – Cas13 system
Zhan et al. 2019
42
sgRNA was designed against the 4
conserverd region of PVY namely P3,
CI, NIB,CP
43. Analysis of the relative expression of the Cas13a gene in transgenic lines
Zhan et al. 2019
43
45. Advantages of
CRISPR/Cas
technology
3.Applicablility
across a wide
range of organisms
4.Efficient and
easy to use
5.Less time consuming
Joginder pal et al. 2019
1.Site specific
mutagenesis
2. Minimizing off-
target mutations
6.Multifunctional
programmability;
Delete, insert or
repair
45
46. Why CRISPR Cas system is a most powerfull genome editing tool ?
46