CRISPR/Cas systems: The link between functional genes and genetic improvement. The discovery and modification of CRISPR/Cas system, a nature-occurred gene editing tool, opens an era for studying gene function and precision crop breeding
cutting-edge biotechnological tool for crop improvement
Used for pathogen resistance, abiotic tolerance, plant development and morphology and even secondary metabolism and fiber development
This document summarizes a presentation on using CRISPR-Cas9 for crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 and how it is used to edit genomes by removing, adding, or altering DNA sequences. It then discusses the mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 complex and how it creates breaks in DNA that are repaired. The document reviews several case studies where CRISPR was used to modify crops, including creating low-gluten wheat and improving rice. It finds that CRISPR can efficiently edit multiple genes simultaneously with few off-target effects. The conclusion states that CRISPR is revolutionizing agriculture by enabling the creation of higher yielding, more resistant crop varieties without transgenes.
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool that allows genetic material to be added, altered or removed at specific locations in the genome. It involves a bacterial adaptive immune system where CRISPR sequences and Cas genes work together. The Cas9 protein uses a guide RNA to introduce double stranded breaks at targeted DNA sequences. This enables precise genome editing through non-homologous end joining or homology directed repair. CRISPR/Cas9 provides a simple and accurate way to modify genes for applications in research, medicine, agriculture and more. While it holds great promise, there are also limitations and concerns regarding off-target effects that researchers continue working to address.
Base editing is being used to induce precise mutations in rice in order to accelerate crop improvement. Researchers developed a base editing-mediated gene evolution method to diversify the sequence of the rice acetolactate synthase 1 (OsALS1) gene, which codes for the target of herbicide resistance. Multiple sgRNAs were used to introduce mutations across the OsALS1 locus. Novel mutations were identified that conferred resistance to the herbicide bispyribac-sodium. The resistant mutation was then introduced into an elite rice cultivar through base editing to generate a new herbicide tolerant variety. This demonstrates how base editing can be used to artificially evolve genes and introduce beneficial traits into commercial crops.
This document summarizes information about the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing tool. It discusses how CRISPR Cas9 uses guide RNA and the Cas9 enzyme to create targeted double-strand breaks in DNA, allowing genes to be knocked out or altered. The document outlines the history and mechanism of CRISPR Cas9, compares it to other genome editing tools, discusses its applications in plant breeding including reducing off-target effects, and provides an example of using it to create parthenocarpic tomato plants.
The document discusses the potential of CRISPR to improve food crops. Climate change is negatively impacting global food security by increasing extreme weather events that reduce crop yields. Conventional breeding alone cannot achieve the level of crop improvement needed due to limited genetic diversity. CRISPR can accelerate crop improvement by introducing targeted genetic variations. It allows for more precise gene editing compared to traditional GMOs. The document outlines how CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-regulatory region engineering provides a refined method for modulating gene expression and creating crop diversity to benefit improvement efforts. CRISPR is presented as a critical tool for generating crops better adapted to climate change and able to feed a growing population.
Multi Target Gene Editing using CRISPR Technology for Crop ImprovementTushar Gajare
This document provides an overview of a presentation on using CRISPR technology for multi-target gene editing in crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9. It then discusses the CRISPR system, how CRISPR-Cas9 works, its history and applications for crop improvement including case studies in maize with high mutant efficiencies and targeted mutagenesis of multiple genes. The presentation covers advantages and limitations of the technology as well as future prospects.
The document provides an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. It discusses the history and components of the CRISPR system, how it works, applications in various fields like microbiology, biomedicine, agriculture, and therapeutics. Recent advances expand its use for transcriptional regulation, epigenetic editing, and live imaging. While powerful, it faces challenges like off-target effects that require further research to optimize its safe and ethical application.
CRISPR in crop Improvement, CRISPR/Cas Genome editing toolParthasarathiG2
This document discusses the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 and its mechanism of action. It then discusses the discovery of CRISPR and key scientists involved. Several case studies on using CRISPR to edit rice genes for disease resistance and hybrid seed production are summarized. Achievements using CRISPR in rice, horticulture crops, and other field crops are briefly outlined. The document concludes that CRISPR provides a simple and efficient tool for genome editing in plants.
This document summarizes a presentation on using CRISPR-Cas9 for crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 and how it is used to edit genomes by removing, adding, or altering DNA sequences. It then discusses the mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 complex and how it creates breaks in DNA that are repaired. The document reviews several case studies where CRISPR was used to modify crops, including creating low-gluten wheat and improving rice. It finds that CRISPR can efficiently edit multiple genes simultaneously with few off-target effects. The conclusion states that CRISPR is revolutionizing agriculture by enabling the creation of higher yielding, more resistant crop varieties without transgenes.
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool that allows genetic material to be added, altered or removed at specific locations in the genome. It involves a bacterial adaptive immune system where CRISPR sequences and Cas genes work together. The Cas9 protein uses a guide RNA to introduce double stranded breaks at targeted DNA sequences. This enables precise genome editing through non-homologous end joining or homology directed repair. CRISPR/Cas9 provides a simple and accurate way to modify genes for applications in research, medicine, agriculture and more. While it holds great promise, there are also limitations and concerns regarding off-target effects that researchers continue working to address.
Base editing is being used to induce precise mutations in rice in order to accelerate crop improvement. Researchers developed a base editing-mediated gene evolution method to diversify the sequence of the rice acetolactate synthase 1 (OsALS1) gene, which codes for the target of herbicide resistance. Multiple sgRNAs were used to introduce mutations across the OsALS1 locus. Novel mutations were identified that conferred resistance to the herbicide bispyribac-sodium. The resistant mutation was then introduced into an elite rice cultivar through base editing to generate a new herbicide tolerant variety. This demonstrates how base editing can be used to artificially evolve genes and introduce beneficial traits into commercial crops.
This document summarizes information about the CRISPR Cas9 genome editing tool. It discusses how CRISPR Cas9 uses guide RNA and the Cas9 enzyme to create targeted double-strand breaks in DNA, allowing genes to be knocked out or altered. The document outlines the history and mechanism of CRISPR Cas9, compares it to other genome editing tools, discusses its applications in plant breeding including reducing off-target effects, and provides an example of using it to create parthenocarpic tomato plants.
The document discusses the potential of CRISPR to improve food crops. Climate change is negatively impacting global food security by increasing extreme weather events that reduce crop yields. Conventional breeding alone cannot achieve the level of crop improvement needed due to limited genetic diversity. CRISPR can accelerate crop improvement by introducing targeted genetic variations. It allows for more precise gene editing compared to traditional GMOs. The document outlines how CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-regulatory region engineering provides a refined method for modulating gene expression and creating crop diversity to benefit improvement efforts. CRISPR is presented as a critical tool for generating crops better adapted to climate change and able to feed a growing population.
Multi Target Gene Editing using CRISPR Technology for Crop ImprovementTushar Gajare
This document provides an overview of a presentation on using CRISPR technology for multi-target gene editing in crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9. It then discusses the CRISPR system, how CRISPR-Cas9 works, its history and applications for crop improvement including case studies in maize with high mutant efficiencies and targeted mutagenesis of multiple genes. The presentation covers advantages and limitations of the technology as well as future prospects.
The document provides an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. It discusses the history and components of the CRISPR system, how it works, applications in various fields like microbiology, biomedicine, agriculture, and therapeutics. Recent advances expand its use for transcriptional regulation, epigenetic editing, and live imaging. While powerful, it faces challenges like off-target effects that require further research to optimize its safe and ethical application.
CRISPR in crop Improvement, CRISPR/Cas Genome editing toolParthasarathiG2
This document discusses the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in crop improvement. It begins with an introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 and its mechanism of action. It then discusses the discovery of CRISPR and key scientists involved. Several case studies on using CRISPR to edit rice genes for disease resistance and hybrid seed production are summarized. Achievements using CRISPR in rice, horticulture crops, and other field crops are briefly outlined. The document concludes that CRISPR provides a simple and efficient tool for genome editing in plants.
Genome engineering uses programmable nucleases like CRISPR-Cas9 to make targeted modifications to DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system in bacteria that uses Cas9, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, to cleave DNA when guided by CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The Cas9 protein uses crRNA and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) to induce double-strand breaks in DNA matching the crRNA sequence. CRISPR-Cas9 allows for efficient, precise genome editing and has applications in gene therapy, agriculture, and research.
Crispr cas: A new tool of genome editing palaabhay
The document summarizes a presentation on CRISPR cas9, a new genome editing tool. It discusses the history of CRISPR, how CRISPR functions in bacteria, the classification and components of CRISPR systems, and the mechanism of CRISPR cas9. It then covers applications of CRISPR cas9 in genome editing, databases of CRISPR sequences, case studies using the technology, and future directions of CRISPR research.
Breeding for salinity tolerance in plants.pptxEshaneeSharma
This document discusses approaches to breeding plants for salinity tolerance. It begins with an introduction describing how salinity affects agricultural productivity and the need to develop salt-tolerant crops. It then outlines various breeding approaches used, including mutation breeding, exploiting wild relatives, double haploids, marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering, and CRISPR/Cas9. Specific examples are provided for some of these approaches. A variety of techniques for evaluating salinity tolerance are also mentioned, such as hyperspectral imaging and genome-wide association studies. The document concludes by noting that further studies on molecular mechanisms and stress responses can aid breeding efforts to develop crops able to perform well under saline conditions.
Gene Editing of Fishes and its Applications in Aquatic Medicine by B.pptxB. BHASKAR
Gene editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 have potential applications in aquaculture and aquatic medicine by modifying genes to improve traits such as growth, disease resistance, and reproduction. CRISPR works by using a guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to induce targeted DNA breaks, which can then be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homology directed repair to achieve gene modifications. While CRISPR shows promise for genetic improvement, there are still technical and regulatory challenges to address regarding its applications in fisheries and aquaculture.
This document discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique. It begins with an overview of genome editing and provides a brief history. It then focuses on explaining CRISPR-Cas9, including its key components, how it was discovered as a natural bacterial immune system, and how it functions as a genomic tool. The document outlines the general CRISPR-Cas9 protocol and recent advances in the technique. It discusses applications in agriculture and for diseases. It also touches on advantages and limitations, as well as ethical issues. Two case studies are provided that demonstrate using CRISPR-Cas9 to modify genes in rice plants.
Crispr cas9 and applications of the technologyNEHA MAHATO
The most talked about gene editing tool- CRISPR Cas9 and its applications in all the possible spheres of science and research is talked about in brief in this presentation.
Genome editing with engineered nucleasesKrishan Kumar
Genome editing uses engineered nucleases to insert, replace or remove DNA from the genome. These nucleases create targeted double-strand breaks which are repaired through natural DNA repair processes, allowing for changes to the genome sequence. Three main engineered nuclease systems for genome editing are ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR uses a guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to make precise cuts at targeted DNA sequences for editing. It has advantages over ZFNs and TALENs in being cheaper, easier to design, and more efficient. Genome editing holds promise for applications in crops, medicine, and research.
Recent Milestones Achieved in Rice Genomes: Hurdles and Future Strategies by ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Rice is an important crop among the other cereals and considered as the model crop for function genomic studies. The rice genome size is very small 389m. The simplicity protocol of genetic transformation, physical and molecular map also developed. The recent advancement in genome sequencing and genome editing technologies has enabled us to demonstrate the potential and function of various genes for rice improvement. This spotlight presents the comprehensive overview the modern tools and resources for advance in rice genome to develop elite rice genotype which have potential tolerance against multi stresses. However, we argue the next step of rice functional genome improvement, draft genome refinement and resequencing of rice broad diversity panel genome with highly efficient technology and multidisciplinary integrated approaches to inferring gene function and future rice improvement program.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000564.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
CRISPR/Cas9 is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements. It has been modified to edit genomes by delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a guide RNA to cut DNA at a desired location. The system proceeds in three stages: adaptation incorporates new spacers into the CRISPR array, crRNA biogenesis processes the pre-crRNA, and target interference uses the crRNA-Cas9 complex to degrade invading DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 provides a simple and efficient tool for gene editing but also raises ethical concerns regarding its applications.
Precision Breeding for Climate-Smart Crops - Integrating Genome Editing and B...Sudip Kundu
Climate change poses a serious threat to global food security, demanding innovative solutions. Precision breeding, leveraging the power of genome editing and bioinformatics, presents a promising approach to develop climate-smart crops. This presentation explores the exciting convergence of these technologies, unveiling their potential to unlock resilient and adaptable crops for a changing world.
Key topics covered:
Climate change challenges: Explore the growing threats to agriculture, including rising temperatures, droughts, floods, and pests.
Precision breeding fundamentals: Demystify genome editing techniques like CRISPR and their role in targeted genetic modifications.
Bioinformatics in action: Discover how computational tools analyze vast genetic data, guiding precise interventions in crops.
Developing climate-smart crops: Learn how scientists harness this combined power to breed for traits like heat tolerance, water efficiency, and disease resistance.
Real-world applications: Witness case studies showcasing the development of climate-resilient crops like wheat, rice, and maize.
Future outlook: Discuss the ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and potential breakthroughs shaping the future of precision breeding.
Join us on this journey to explore how precision breeding can:
Boost food security in a changing climate
Empower farmers and ensure sustainable agriculture
Shape a brighter future for generations to come
Don't miss this insightful presentation. Share it with your network and engage in the discussion!
#ClimateSmartCrops #PrecisionBreeding #GenomeEditing #Bioinformatics #FoodSecurity
CRISPR theory mechanism and applications || كرسبر النظريه وطريقه العمل والتطب...Mohemmad Osama
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique that allows DNA to be added, removed, or altered at specific locations in the genome. It involves using the Cas9 protein to cut DNA at a targeted site, which can be programmed by changing a short RNA sequence. CRISPR is simpler and easier than previous gene editing methods. It has enabled unprecedented efficiency and ease of use for gene therapy applications in correcting genetic defects and treating diseases. However, its rapid development has also led to an intensifying patent war and debate over its ethical use.
Genome editing has emerged as a novel strategy for crop improvement using site-specific endonucleases to introduce precise double stranded breaks in plant genomes. This triggers DNA repair mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining or homology-directed repair that can result in targeted mutagenesis or genome editing. Three classes of endonucleases have been used - zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 involves a Cas9 endonuclease guided by a short RNA to cleave target DNA sequences. Case studies demonstrate using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit multiple loci in tomato to improve traits. Genome editing holds potential for agricultural crop improvement, disease management and functional gen
CRISPR-Cas9 : A novel tool for genome editing for crop improvementGarima188199
This document summarizes a study that used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify the SlPG gene in tomatoes, which codes for the polygalacturonase enzyme involved in fruit softening. Five sgRNAs targeting the SlPG gene were designed and tested via transient hairy root transformation, with one (SP1) showing high editing efficiency. Stable transformation generated tomato lines with mutations in SlPG, including insertions, deletions, and null alleles. Homozygous mutant lines exhibited enhanced fruit firmness and delayed softening compared to wild-type, without other morphological differences. Expression analysis found reduced SlPG transcription in mutant lines, demonstrating successful targeted mutagenesis of the SlPG gene using CRISPR
JBEI Research Highlights - January 2019Irina Silva
This study developed a new Cas9-based genome editing method for Aspergillus niger that is precise, efficient, and selectable. The approach combines induction of a genomic double-stranded break with a targetable Cas9/sgRNA complex, incorporation of a selectable marker, and selection of pyrG-containing mutants. This method was used to target two non-phenotypic genes with 100% efficiency. The new Cas9 method greatly simplifies genome editing in A. niger and will enable generating genomic mutants for industrial enzyme production.
Genome Editing and CRISPR-Cas 9 by Maliha Rashid.pptxMaliha Rashid
An extensive presentation on the article: "Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/
Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing". DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/BTT.S326422
CONTENTS:
Components of CRISPR
Mechanism of CRISPR/Cas 9 Genome editing
Applications of CRISPR-Cas-9
Role in gene therapy
Therapeutic Role
Role in agriculture
Role in gene silencing and activation
Base Editors
Prime Editors
Challenges for CRISPR/Cas -9 application
Recent advances
Conclusion
CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that is creating a buzz in the science world. It is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous techniques of editing DNA and has a wide range of potential applications.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of using a lentivirus delivery system to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in a salmonid fish cell line. The researchers optimized transfection conditions and achieved up to 60% editing efficiency at the desired RIG-I and EGFP loci. While lentivirus integration led to high editing rates, it can also result in off-target effects. The study demonstrated the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 for modeling disease resistance in fish, though more work is still needed to minimize off-target mutations.
It is very fast and new technique for detection and degradation of viral DNA and it is so helpful for us to understand how to degraded viral DNA... what type of function naturally present in bacteria........ so its very excellent technique
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Genome engineering uses programmable nucleases like CRISPR-Cas9 to make targeted modifications to DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system in bacteria that uses Cas9, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, to cleave DNA when guided by CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The Cas9 protein uses crRNA and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) to induce double-strand breaks in DNA matching the crRNA sequence. CRISPR-Cas9 allows for efficient, precise genome editing and has applications in gene therapy, agriculture, and research.
Crispr cas: A new tool of genome editing palaabhay
The document summarizes a presentation on CRISPR cas9, a new genome editing tool. It discusses the history of CRISPR, how CRISPR functions in bacteria, the classification and components of CRISPR systems, and the mechanism of CRISPR cas9. It then covers applications of CRISPR cas9 in genome editing, databases of CRISPR sequences, case studies using the technology, and future directions of CRISPR research.
Breeding for salinity tolerance in plants.pptxEshaneeSharma
This document discusses approaches to breeding plants for salinity tolerance. It begins with an introduction describing how salinity affects agricultural productivity and the need to develop salt-tolerant crops. It then outlines various breeding approaches used, including mutation breeding, exploiting wild relatives, double haploids, marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering, and CRISPR/Cas9. Specific examples are provided for some of these approaches. A variety of techniques for evaluating salinity tolerance are also mentioned, such as hyperspectral imaging and genome-wide association studies. The document concludes by noting that further studies on molecular mechanisms and stress responses can aid breeding efforts to develop crops able to perform well under saline conditions.
Gene Editing of Fishes and its Applications in Aquatic Medicine by B.pptxB. BHASKAR
Gene editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 have potential applications in aquaculture and aquatic medicine by modifying genes to improve traits such as growth, disease resistance, and reproduction. CRISPR works by using a guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to induce targeted DNA breaks, which can then be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homology directed repair to achieve gene modifications. While CRISPR shows promise for genetic improvement, there are still technical and regulatory challenges to address regarding its applications in fisheries and aquaculture.
This document discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique. It begins with an overview of genome editing and provides a brief history. It then focuses on explaining CRISPR-Cas9, including its key components, how it was discovered as a natural bacterial immune system, and how it functions as a genomic tool. The document outlines the general CRISPR-Cas9 protocol and recent advances in the technique. It discusses applications in agriculture and for diseases. It also touches on advantages and limitations, as well as ethical issues. Two case studies are provided that demonstrate using CRISPR-Cas9 to modify genes in rice plants.
Crispr cas9 and applications of the technologyNEHA MAHATO
The most talked about gene editing tool- CRISPR Cas9 and its applications in all the possible spheres of science and research is talked about in brief in this presentation.
Genome editing with engineered nucleasesKrishan Kumar
Genome editing uses engineered nucleases to insert, replace or remove DNA from the genome. These nucleases create targeted double-strand breaks which are repaired through natural DNA repair processes, allowing for changes to the genome sequence. Three main engineered nuclease systems for genome editing are ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR uses a guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease to make precise cuts at targeted DNA sequences for editing. It has advantages over ZFNs and TALENs in being cheaper, easier to design, and more efficient. Genome editing holds promise for applications in crops, medicine, and research.
Recent Milestones Achieved in Rice Genomes: Hurdles and Future Strategies by ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Rice is an important crop among the other cereals and considered as the model crop for function genomic studies. The rice genome size is very small 389m. The simplicity protocol of genetic transformation, physical and molecular map also developed. The recent advancement in genome sequencing and genome editing technologies has enabled us to demonstrate the potential and function of various genes for rice improvement. This spotlight presents the comprehensive overview the modern tools and resources for advance in rice genome to develop elite rice genotype which have potential tolerance against multi stresses. However, we argue the next step of rice functional genome improvement, draft genome refinement and resequencing of rice broad diversity panel genome with highly efficient technology and multidisciplinary integrated approaches to inferring gene function and future rice improvement program.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000564.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
CRISPR/Cas9 is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements. It has been modified to edit genomes by delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a guide RNA to cut DNA at a desired location. The system proceeds in three stages: adaptation incorporates new spacers into the CRISPR array, crRNA biogenesis processes the pre-crRNA, and target interference uses the crRNA-Cas9 complex to degrade invading DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 provides a simple and efficient tool for gene editing but also raises ethical concerns regarding its applications.
Precision Breeding for Climate-Smart Crops - Integrating Genome Editing and B...Sudip Kundu
Climate change poses a serious threat to global food security, demanding innovative solutions. Precision breeding, leveraging the power of genome editing and bioinformatics, presents a promising approach to develop climate-smart crops. This presentation explores the exciting convergence of these technologies, unveiling their potential to unlock resilient and adaptable crops for a changing world.
Key topics covered:
Climate change challenges: Explore the growing threats to agriculture, including rising temperatures, droughts, floods, and pests.
Precision breeding fundamentals: Demystify genome editing techniques like CRISPR and their role in targeted genetic modifications.
Bioinformatics in action: Discover how computational tools analyze vast genetic data, guiding precise interventions in crops.
Developing climate-smart crops: Learn how scientists harness this combined power to breed for traits like heat tolerance, water efficiency, and disease resistance.
Real-world applications: Witness case studies showcasing the development of climate-resilient crops like wheat, rice, and maize.
Future outlook: Discuss the ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and potential breakthroughs shaping the future of precision breeding.
Join us on this journey to explore how precision breeding can:
Boost food security in a changing climate
Empower farmers and ensure sustainable agriculture
Shape a brighter future for generations to come
Don't miss this insightful presentation. Share it with your network and engage in the discussion!
#ClimateSmartCrops #PrecisionBreeding #GenomeEditing #Bioinformatics #FoodSecurity
CRISPR theory mechanism and applications || كرسبر النظريه وطريقه العمل والتطب...Mohemmad Osama
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique that allows DNA to be added, removed, or altered at specific locations in the genome. It involves using the Cas9 protein to cut DNA at a targeted site, which can be programmed by changing a short RNA sequence. CRISPR is simpler and easier than previous gene editing methods. It has enabled unprecedented efficiency and ease of use for gene therapy applications in correcting genetic defects and treating diseases. However, its rapid development has also led to an intensifying patent war and debate over its ethical use.
Genome editing has emerged as a novel strategy for crop improvement using site-specific endonucleases to introduce precise double stranded breaks in plant genomes. This triggers DNA repair mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining or homology-directed repair that can result in targeted mutagenesis or genome editing. Three classes of endonucleases have been used - zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 involves a Cas9 endonuclease guided by a short RNA to cleave target DNA sequences. Case studies demonstrate using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit multiple loci in tomato to improve traits. Genome editing holds potential for agricultural crop improvement, disease management and functional gen
CRISPR-Cas9 : A novel tool for genome editing for crop improvementGarima188199
This document summarizes a study that used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify the SlPG gene in tomatoes, which codes for the polygalacturonase enzyme involved in fruit softening. Five sgRNAs targeting the SlPG gene were designed and tested via transient hairy root transformation, with one (SP1) showing high editing efficiency. Stable transformation generated tomato lines with mutations in SlPG, including insertions, deletions, and null alleles. Homozygous mutant lines exhibited enhanced fruit firmness and delayed softening compared to wild-type, without other morphological differences. Expression analysis found reduced SlPG transcription in mutant lines, demonstrating successful targeted mutagenesis of the SlPG gene using CRISPR
JBEI Research Highlights - January 2019Irina Silva
This study developed a new Cas9-based genome editing method for Aspergillus niger that is precise, efficient, and selectable. The approach combines induction of a genomic double-stranded break with a targetable Cas9/sgRNA complex, incorporation of a selectable marker, and selection of pyrG-containing mutants. This method was used to target two non-phenotypic genes with 100% efficiency. The new Cas9 method greatly simplifies genome editing in A. niger and will enable generating genomic mutants for industrial enzyme production.
Genome Editing and CRISPR-Cas 9 by Maliha Rashid.pptxMaliha Rashid
An extensive presentation on the article: "Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/
Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing". DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/BTT.S326422
CONTENTS:
Components of CRISPR
Mechanism of CRISPR/Cas 9 Genome editing
Applications of CRISPR-Cas-9
Role in gene therapy
Therapeutic Role
Role in agriculture
Role in gene silencing and activation
Base Editors
Prime Editors
Challenges for CRISPR/Cas -9 application
Recent advances
Conclusion
CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that is creating a buzz in the science world. It is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous techniques of editing DNA and has a wide range of potential applications.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of using a lentivirus delivery system to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in a salmonid fish cell line. The researchers optimized transfection conditions and achieved up to 60% editing efficiency at the desired RIG-I and EGFP loci. While lentivirus integration led to high editing rates, it can also result in off-target effects. The study demonstrated the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 for modeling disease resistance in fish, though more work is still needed to minimize off-target mutations.
It is very fast and new technique for detection and degradation of viral DNA and it is so helpful for us to understand how to degraded viral DNA... what type of function naturally present in bacteria........ so its very excellent technique
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
CRISP_ana.pptx
1. CRISPR/Cas systems: The link between
functional genes and genetic
improvement
ANANYA
1ST PhD
PAMB0077
2. Introduction
• Ultimate goal of scientists and breeders: to precisely
control a gene for studying its function as well as
improving crop yield, quality, and tolerance to various
environmental stresses
• The discovery and modification of CRISPR/Cas system, a
nature-occurred gene editing tool, opens an era for
studying gene function and precision crop breeding
• cutting-edge biotechnological tool for crop improvement
• Used for pathogen resistance, abiotic tolerance, plant
development and morphology and even secondary
metabolism and fiber development
3. CRISPR- CAS system
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
repeats
Cas (CRISPR-associated protein)
Is an adaptive phage immunity system present in
archaea and bacteria.
5. CRISPR/Cas system working mechanisms
and CRISPR/Cas family
• The commonly used Cas endonucleases, Cas9, contain
two nuclease domains, RuvC and HNH, and a PAM-
interacting domain (PI)
• RuvC and HNH domains cleave the double-strand
DNA and form a double-strand break (DSB)
• The function of RuvC and HNH domains requires the
Cas nuclease to bind a specific DNA location that are
protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) dependent.
• After Cas cuts the DNAs, DSBs will be repaired using
the cell own DNA repair mechanisms.
• There are two repair pathways, one is non-homologous
end joining (NHEJ) repair and another one is
homology-directed repair (HDR)
6. How does Cas nuclease precisely cut a
specific sequence within the genome?
• One is that CRISPR/Cas system needs one gRNA that
contains both crRNA and tracRNA
• the gRNA or sgRNA is usually a short synthetic RNA
containing a scaffold tracRNA sequence and a spacer
with about 20 nucleotides
• crRNA guides the Cas nuclease to the target sequence
• The tracRNA serves as scaffold for Cas enzyme binding
• The spacer is a sequence complementary with the target
site, which is user-designed sequence and commonly
called gRNA when we design the CRISPR/Cas system
for gene editing
7. • gRNA can target either strand of a gene due to the
Cas enzyme have two nuclease domains, one cuts
sense strand and another one cuts the anti-sense
strand
• PAM is required for Cas enzyme function and
PAM sequence serves as a binding signal for Cas
nuclease; without a PAM sequence, Cas enzyme
does not know where to bind and where to cut
the sequence
• Thus, PAM sequence is required for all current
CRISPR/Cas systems used for genome editing.
10. Mechanism
• Double-strand-break (DSB) repair mechanisms
operate in somatic cells to repair damages in nuclear
DNA.
• DSB repair mechanisms:
1. Homologous recombination (HR): DNA templates
bearing sequence similarity to the break site are used to
introduce sequence changes to the target locus
2. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ): The broken
chromosomes are rejoined, often imprecisely, thereby
introducing nucleotide changes at the break site
11.
12. • CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies
serves as the bridge between functional genes and
genetic improvement
• These technologies provide rice researchers with
the opportunity to introduce specific and explicit
changes at target loci and can be used for knocking
out multiple genes simultaneously in the rice
genome
CRISPR/Cas systems: The link between
functional genes and genetic
Improvement- RICE AS REFERENCE
13. • Grain yield is determined mainly by three
components: panicle number, grain number per
panicle, and grain weight
1.Genome editing to increase rice yield
1.1 Knockout of yield-reducing genes to increase rice yield
that reduce yield in elite rice cultivars via gene-editing technology is a
promising approach to the creation of ideal rice cultivars. 4 yield-reducing
functional genes:
• GRAIN NUMBER 1a (Gn1a)
• DENSE AND ERECT
• PANICLE1 (DEP1)
• GRAIN SIZE 3 (GS3)
• IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 (IPA1),
14. 1.2Manipulation of regulators of cytokinin homeostasis and
signal response to increase rice yield
• New rice germplasm with increased salinity tolerance
without loss of grain yield was obtained by CRISPR/Cas9-
targeted mutagenesis of the OsRR22 gene, which is
involved in both cytokinin signal transduction and
metabolism
• CRISPR-edited variants at the 30-end of OsLOGL5, which
encodes a cytokinin-activation enzyme, increased grain
yield under various field environments
• Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) is the main
enzyme that inactivates cytokinin. Disruption of OsCKX11
using the CRISPR/Cas9 system increased cytokinin content
and grain yield compared with wild-type rice
15. Strategies for improving rice yield using gene-editing
technology
OsCKX2/Gnla is the common target gene of two strategies (functional genes for
decreasing yield and cytokinin-homeostasis and signal-response regulators)
16. • Simultaneous mutation of rice genes encoding the abscisic acid
(ABA) receptors PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1-LIKE 1
(PYL1), PYL4, and PYL6 yielded plants with robust growth and
increased grain yield
• CRISPR/Cas9 induced modification of PYL9, which encodes one
of the rice ABA receptors, increased drought tolerance and grain
yield
• New rice cultivars with both high yield and high cold tolerance
were obtained by simultaneously editing two yield-related negative
genes (OsPIN5b and GS3) and one cold-tolerance gene
(OsMYB30) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system
• Rice PARAQUAT TOLERANCE 3 (OsPQT3) knockout mutants
generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology conferred higher yield
and increased resistance to oxidative and salt stress
1.3 Editing of plant-growth and environmental-
response regulators to increase rice yield
17. 1.4 Disruption of microRNA regulators to increase
rice yield
• Knockout of MIR396e and MIR396f via CRISPR/Cas9
increased both grain size and panicle branching,
resulting in increased grain yield
• Mutation in OsGRF4 introduced by CRISPR/Cas9
perturbed the miR396-directed regulation of OsGRF4
and generated plants with larger grain size and increased
grain yield similar to those reported previously
• Knockout of UCLACYANIN 8 (OsUCL8), the
downstream target of miR408, led to increased grain
yield
18. • Rice grain quality is evaluated mainly based on four
quality standards: processing quality, appearance
quality, eating and cooking quality (ECQ), and
nutritional quality
2. Genome editing to improve rice grain
quality
Improvement of rice grain appearance quality, eating
and cooking quality and grain nutritional quality
• Knockout of GS3 and GL3.1 rapidly improved grain size
• GS3 and Gn1a, which controls grain number, were successfully edited
in four rice cultivars.
• Both gs3 and gs3gn1a mutants exhibited greater grain length and 1000-
grain weight than their wild-type counterparts, and the gs3gn1a double
mutants had more grains per panicle than the gs3 mutants
19. • Loss-of-function mutants generated using the CRISPR/Cas9
system to target the Wx coding region in multiple rice
cultivars all showed decreased AC (Amylose Content) and
produced glutinous rice
• Knockout of the phospholipase D gene (OsPLDa1) using
the CRISPR/Cas9 system produced rice grains with reduced
phytic acid content compared with their wild-type
counterparts
• Knockout of the OsNramp5 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9
system produced promising rice cultivars with extremely
low cadmium accumulation in grains, without
compromising yield
21. 3. Genome editing to improve rice resistance
3.1 Herbicide resistance
• Introduction of point mutations into the rice ALS gene using
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination also conferred
herbicide tolerance on rice plants
• The 548th and 627th amino acids of the rice ALS gene were
• edited to yield novel rice genotypes with bispyribac-sodium
resistance
• Other amino acid substitutions in ACCase, such as W2125C and
P1927F, were also obtained by CRISPR-based saturated targeted
endogenous mutagenesis editors, which conferred haloxyfop
resistance in rice
• The T102I and P106S aminoacid mutations in EPSPS and the
M268T mutation in TubA2 have been reported to confer rice
resistance to glyphosate and trifluralin, respectively
22. 3.2 Disease and insect-pest resistance
• Li et al., 2020 used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the Xa13
promoter and obtained transgene-free bacterial-blight-resistant rice
• CRISPR/Cas9-directed mutagenesis in the
Xa13/Os8N3/OsSWEET11 coding region can also confer resistance
to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo)
• CRISPR/Cas9 editing in an ethylene responsive factor, OsERF922,
which is a negative regulator of blast resistance, showed increased
resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae without alteration to agronomic
traits
• Lu et al., 2018 used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the
cytochrome P450 gene CYP71A1, encoding tryptamine 5-
hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of tryptamine to
serotonin, thereby leading to rice resistance to insect pests via
suppression of serotonin biosynthesis
24. Exploitation and utilization of heterosis
• Shen et al., 2019 rapidly created marker-free photoperiod
/thermosensitive genic male sterile (P/ TGMS) rice materials by
editing the male fertility gene PTGMS2-1 in two widely compatible
rice cultivars
• Japonica photosensitive genic male-sterile rice lines were developed
by targeted editing of the Carbon Starved Anther gene in japonica
rice using CRISPR/ Cas9
• Thermosensitive male sterile lines were also created by mutagenesis
of the TMS5 gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 system
• Li et al., 2019 developed disease-resistant thermosensitive male-
sterile rice by simultaneous genome engineering of the TMS5, Pi21,
and Xa13 genes
• Knockout of the SaF and SaM alleles by CRISPR/Cas9 produced
hybrid-compatible lines that overcame Sa-mediated hybrid male
sterility in rice