CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
I. Introduction
A. Definition of CPR
1. Explanation of what CPR stands for
2. Definition of CPR as a life-saving technique
B. Importance of CPR
1. Statistics on cardiac arrest and survival rates
2. Explanation of why CPR is crucial for saving lives
C. Objective of the manual
1. Explanation of what readers will learn from the manual
2. Statement of the manual's purpose
II. Getting Started with CPR
A. Assessing the situation
1. Importance of assessing the situation before starting CPR
2. Factors to consider when assessing the situation
B. Checking for responsiveness
1. Explanation of how to check for responsiveness
2. Importance of checking for responsiveness
C. Activating the emergency response system
1. Explanation of when to activate the emergency response system
2. Step-by-step guide to activating the emergency response system
III. Basic Life Support Techniques
A. Key components of basic life support
1. Explanation of the components of basic life support
2. Importance of each component
B. The ABCs of CPR
1. Explanation of the ABCs of CPR
2. Importance of each step in the ABCs of CPR
C. Performing chest compressions
1. Explanation of how to perform chest compressions
2. Importance of proper chest compression technique
D. Delivering rescue breaths
1. Explanation of how to deliver rescue breaths
2. Importance of proper rescue breath technique
E. Utilizing an automated external defibrillator (AED)
1. Explanation of what an AED is and how it works
2. Step-by-step guide to using an AED
F. Administering medications during CPR
1. Explanation of medications used during CPR
2. Dosages and administration guidelines for each medication
IV. Advanced Life Support Techniques
A. Advanced airway management
1. Explanation of advanced airway management techniques
2. Importance of advanced airway management in CPR
B. Advanced monitoring techniques
1. Explanation of advanced monitoring techniques
2. Importance of advanced monitoring in CPR
C. Invasive interventions
1. Explanation of invasive interventions
2. Importance of invasive interventions in CPR
D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
1. Explanation of ECMO
2. Importance of ECMO in CPR
V. Improving Outcomes in CPR
A. Factors influencing CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of factors that influence CPR outcomes
2. Importance of understanding these factors
B. Strategies for improving CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of strategies for improving CPR outcomes
2. Importance of implementing these strategies
C. The role of high-quality CPR in improving outcomes
1. Explanation of what high-quality CPR is
2. Importance of performing high-quality CPR
VI. Special Considerations in CPR
A. CPR in special populations
1. Explanation of special populations that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
B. CPR in special settings
1. Explanation of special settings that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
C. CPR during a pandemic
1
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Adult Basic Life Support
Demonstration of how to give basic life support to anyone acutely injured or ill. Cardiac support, Advanced Trauma Life Support,
I. Introduction
A. Definition of CPR
1. Explanation of what CPR stands for
2. Definition of CPR as a life-saving technique
B. Importance of CPR
1. Statistics on cardiac arrest and survival rates
2. Explanation of why CPR is crucial for saving lives
C. Objective of the manual
1. Explanation of what readers will learn from the manual
2. Statement of the manual's purpose
II. Getting Started with CPR
A. Assessing the situation
1. Importance of assessing the situation before starting CPR
2. Factors to consider when assessing the situation
B. Checking for responsiveness
1. Explanation of how to check for responsiveness
2. Importance of checking for responsiveness
C. Activating the emergency response system
1. Explanation of when to activate the emergency response system
2. Step-by-step guide to activating the emergency response system
III. Basic Life Support Techniques
A. Key components of basic life support
1. Explanation of the components of basic life support
2. Importance of each component
B. The ABCs of CPR
1. Explanation of the ABCs of CPR
2. Importance of each step in the ABCs of CPR
C. Performing chest compressions
1. Explanation of how to perform chest compressions
2. Importance of proper chest compression technique
D. Delivering rescue breaths
1. Explanation of how to deliver rescue breaths
2. Importance of proper rescue breath technique
E. Utilizing an automated external defibrillator (AED)
1. Explanation of what an AED is and how it works
2. Step-by-step guide to using an AED
F. Administering medications during CPR
1. Explanation of medications used during CPR
2. Dosages and administration guidelines for each medication
IV. Advanced Life Support Techniques
A. Advanced airway management
1. Explanation of advanced airway management techniques
2. Importance of advanced airway management in CPR
B. Advanced monitoring techniques
1. Explanation of advanced monitoring techniques
2. Importance of advanced monitoring in CPR
C. Invasive interventions
1. Explanation of invasive interventions
2. Importance of invasive interventions in CPR
D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
1. Explanation of ECMO
2. Importance of ECMO in CPR
V. Improving Outcomes in CPR
A. Factors influencing CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of factors that influence CPR outcomes
2. Importance of understanding these factors
B. Strategies for improving CPR outcomes
1. Explanation of strategies for improving CPR outcomes
2. Importance of implementing these strategies
C. The role of high-quality CPR in improving outcomes
1. Explanation of what high-quality CPR is
2. Importance of performing high-quality CPR
VI. Special Considerations in CPR
A. CPR in special populations
1. Explanation of special populations that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
B. CPR in special settings
1. Explanation of special settings that require unique CPR techniques
2. Importance of understanding these unique CPR techniques
C. CPR during a pandemic
1
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Adult Basic Life Support
Demonstration of how to give basic life support to anyone acutely injured or ill. Cardiac support, Advanced Trauma Life Support,
Basic CPR competency is a foudational skill in both basic and advanced life support training and ample data supports the need to improve ongoing maintenance of competency. Many out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims do not receive CPR before the arrival of professional rescuers. Video-based instruction effectively trains students more quickly than traditional classroom based courses and evidence suggests ongoing refresher training benefits skill retention. Real time feedback devices improve CPR quality in both training and actual resuscitation. Devkunwar Salam "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21417.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/21417/cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/devkunwar-salam
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic & advanced life support for purpose of oxygenating the brain & heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart & Ventilatory action. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore life of the people.
First aid: Medical care steps to do for any person suffering a sudden
illness or injury until ambulance arrives or seeking for professional medical
care to:
1. Preserve Life
2. Prevent Deterioration
3. Promote Recovery
Basic life support is a part of the first aid.
Includes: ABC management (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), CPR
(Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and AED (Automated external
defibrillation).
88% of cardiac arrest incidents occur at home.
Effective bystander CPR that is administered immediately can double or
triple the victim's chances of survival.
Only 32% of victims receive assistance from a bystander.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
4. Who Invented CPR
1960.
Resuscitation pioneers Drs. Kouwenhoven, Safar, and Jude
combine mouth-to-mouth breathing with chest
compressions to create cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the
lifesaving actions we now call CPR.
New name of CPR is BLS
Peter Safar: father of modern cardiopulmonary
resuscitation.
5. Objective of CPR
keep oxygen flowing in and out of
the lungs and
to keep oxygenated blood flowing
through the body.
6. 3 Priorities of Life support
Preserve life.
Prevent deterioration.
Promote recovery.
7. CPR FACTS
• CPR is one way of buying time until normal heart& lung
function is restored or a defibrillator becomes
available.
• CPR provides artificial breathing and circulation,
keeping oxygenated blood flowing to the heart and
brain.
• The earlier you give CPR, the greater the chance of
success.
8. Basic components of CPR
CAB---Easy to Remember
C---Chest Compression
A---Airway
B---Breathing
9. Critical components of CPR
Five main components of high-performance CPR have
been identified:
chest compression fraction (CCF),
chest compression rate,
chest compression depth,
chest recoil (residual leaning),
and ventilation. These CPR components were identified
due to their contribution to blood flow and outcome.
10. Seven steps of CPR
STEP 1: CALL OHC/Trained First aider.
STEP 2: ASSESS THE SCENE OF THE EMERGENCY.
STEP 3: OPEN THE VICTIM'S AIRWAY.
STEP 4: CHECK FOR BREATHING & Circulation.
STEP 5: 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS.
STEP 6: 2 RESCUE BREATHS.
STEP 7: REPEAT THE CYCLE.
11. New standards of CPR
Push hard and Fast
Pushing chest 2-2/12 inch with each compression
Maintain Chest compression Rate 120/min
Continue CPR till you handover casualty to medical person
or till medical person arrives
Chest compression is more important than artificial
respiration
12. Qualities of First aider
Prompt and Quick. A great first aider must be able to recognise when
someone needs emergency help. ...
Calm and Controlled. First aiders face a variety of emergency situations from
time to time. ...
Effective Communicator. ...
The Ability to Lead. ...
Knowledge of Your Limit.
Crowd Manager
13. CPR---Trained Vs General Public
For healthcare providers and those trained:
conventional CPR using chest compressions and
mouth-to-mouth breathing at a ratio of 30:2
compressions-to-breaths. ...
For the general public or bystanders who witness
an adult suddenly collapse: compression-only
CPR, or Hands-Only CPR.
14. Cardiac Arrest
It is unexpected and unexplained
cessation of heart beat is called
cardiac arrest
At any age, can be anybody
15. Causes of Cardiac and Respiratory Arrest
Heart Attack
Poisoning
Head Injury
Electric Shock
Electrolyte Imbalance
Snake Bite
Drowning
Allergic Reaction
Scorpion Bite etc---------
16. Sudden Cardiac Arrest statistic's in India
More than 80% cardiac arrest occurs outside the hospital
More than 350,000 cardiac arrests occur outside of the hospital each year
roughly estimated at 7 lakh cases of SCD annually) with 21% of the deaths in
people who were below 50 years of age.
17. Cardiac Arrest Vs Heart Attack
Cardiac Arrest--------Stoppage of Heart Beat
Heart Attack----------Reduced Blood supply due to
spasm or complete stoppage of blood supply to
heart muscle due to blockage in one or multiple
arteries supplying blood to heart muscles.
18. Signs and Symptoms of CPA
No Pulse
No Blood Pressure
No Respiration Or Gasping
Un conscious
Pupils sluggishly or not reacting to light
Unresponsiveness
19. Normal Values Of Vital Parameter's
Blood Pressure----------100-130/70---90 mm of Hg
Pulse -------------------60----90/min
Respiration----------12-----14/min
29. Step wise Hand positioning in CPR
Kneel beside the person who needs help.
Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest.
Place the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand, then INTERMINGLE
your fingers together.
Position your body so that your shoulders are directly over your hands; keep
your arms straight.
Push hard, push fast BY USINH HEEL OF HANDS KEEPING FINGERS POINTING
UPWARDS. Use your body weight to help you administer compressions that are
at least 2 inches deep and delivered at a rate of at least 100 compressions per
minute. (Be sure to let the chest rise between compressions.)
32. Parts of Ambu bag
self-inflating bag,
one-way valve,
mask, and an oxygen reservoir.
33. Ambu bag ventilation and oxygenation
For each breath, steadily and smoothly squeeze the bag to deliver a tidal
volume of 6 to 7 mL/kg (or about 500 mL for an average size adult) over 1
second, and then release the bag to allow it to reinflate. If using a 1000-mL
volume bag, squeeze only halfway to obtain the correct tidal volume.
In cardiac arrest cases, do not exceed 8 to 10 breaths per minute (ie, one
complete breath every 6 to 7.5 seconds).
Observe for proper chest rise during ventilations
Monitor the patient, checking breath sounds and, if possible, end-tidal carbon
dioxide and pulse oximeter.
35. High Quality CPR
High-quality CPR should be performed by anyone -
including bystanders. There are five critical
components:
Minimize interruptions in chest compressions
Provide compressions of adequate rate and depth
Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions
Ensure proper hand placement
Avoid excessive ventilation
36. Complications of CPR
Aspiration Pneumonia
Fracture Ribs
Fracture Sternum
Injury to Heart
Injury to abdominal internal organ like
Liver/Spleen etc.
38. Steps of Recovery Position
Kneel beside the person.
Straighten their arms and legs.
Fold the arm closest to you over their chest.
Place the other arm at a right angle to their body.
Get the leg closest to you and bend the knee.
While supporting the person’s head and neck, gently take the bent knee
closest to you and very gently roll the person away from you.
Adjust the upper leg, so both the hip and knee are bent at right angles.
Ensure the person is steady and cannot roll.
Tilt the head back and make sure the airways are clear and open.
39. Purpose of Recovery Position
If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no
other life-threatening conditions, they should be placed in
the recovery position. Putting someone in the recovery
position will keep their airway clear and open. It also
ensures that any vomit or fluid won't cause them to
choke.
41. AED
An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a
medical device designed to analyse the heart
rhythm and deliver an electric shock to victims of
ventricular fibrillation to restore the heart rhythm
to normal.
Ventricular fibrillation is the uncoordinated heart
rhythm most often responsible for sudden cardiac
arrest.
Indication: Sudden cardiac Arrest
42. Positioning of AED PADS
The positioning of AED pads on victims chest wall is
important, as the electrical shock needs to travel through
the heart muscle.
The first pad is placed underneath the collar bone
(Clavicle)Right Chest, the second is placed on left side of
chest wall, underneath the armpit.(As shown in figure)
44. Contraindication
The AED Is Faulty or Has Expired Parts. ...
The Victim Has a DNR. ...
The Victim Is Wet or Lying in Water. ...
The Victim Has a Medication Patch or Pacemaker. ...
The Victim Has a Hairy Chest.
Do Not use an AED on a victim lying on a conductive surface
45. Types of AED
public access
and professional use.
Public access AEDs can be found in
airports
community centres
schools
government buildings
hospitals and
other public locations. They are intended to be used by
laypeople who have received minimal training.
46. Samaritan Law
The Good Samaritan Law allows a person, without
expectation of payment or reward and without any duty
of care or special relationship, voluntarily come forward
to administer immediate assistance or emergency care to
a person injured in an accident, or crash, or emergency
medical condition.
30th March 2016
47. Purpose of Samaritan laws
Good Samaritan laws are written to encourage
bystanders to get involved in these and other
emergency situations without fear that they
will be sued if their actions inadvertently
contribute to a person's injury or death.
