CPR is a process of oxygenating heart, lung through external cardiac massage and artificial respiration until the definite medical treatment can restore the normal functioning of heart, lung and brain.
Basic Life Support, or BLS, generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway. It requires knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using automated external defibrillators (AED) and relieving airway obstructions in patients of every age.
Basic Life Support, or BLS, generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway. It requires knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using automated external defibrillators (AED) and relieving airway obstructions in patients of every age.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
In this presentation i have tried to explain in brief about CPR, how and when it has to be done and the important things to be kept in mind while doing it. This ppt is very helpful for every individual who is looking for the info regarding CPR.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
In this presentation i have tried to explain in brief about CPR, how and when it has to be done and the important things to be kept in mind while doing it. This ppt is very helpful for every individual who is looking for the info regarding CPR.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
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2. Definition of CPR: Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation is the technique of basic
life support for the purpose of
oxygenating heart, lung, brain and other
vital organs as long as appropriate
medical treatment can restore the heart
function and ventilatory action.
3. CPR is a process of oxygenating heart,
lung through external cardiac massage
and artificial respiration until the definite
medical treatment can restore the normal
functioning of heart, lung and brain.
4. The condition requiring CPR
1. Cardiac arrest: when heart stops its
circulatory function.
2. Respiratory arrest: when heart continues but
lungs stops its function. It is also called
pulmonary arrest.
3. Cardio-pulmonary arrest: sudden cessation
of heart function and ventilator action.
5. Condition 6H Condition 5T
• Hypovolemia Toxins
• Hypoxia Tamponade (Cardiac)
• Hydrogen ion (Acidosis) Tension pneumothorax
• Hyperkalaemia Thrombosis (acute/ Massive MI)
• Hypokalaemia Thrombosis(lung)
• Hypothermia Trauma
• Hypoglycaemia
Causes of Cardio Pulmonary Arrest
The causes can be divided as 6H’s and 5T’s
6. Cardiac Temponade : A serious condition that occurs from
pericardial effusion.
S/S of Cardiac Temponade :
Hypotension
Buldging Neck veins
Sharp Chest Pain
Rapid Breathing
Palpitations
Tension Pneumothorax : Air accumulates between chest wall
and lungs and increases pressure of chest, reducing the amount
of blood returned to the heart.
7.
8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CARDIAC ARREST
Cardiac arrest is sometimes preceded by certain signs
and symptoms, such as-
• Unresponsiveness
• Ventricular stand-still (Stops beating and
stands perfectly still)
• Extreme fatigue
• Constant dizziness
• A fast heart rate
• A new, irregular heart beat
• Chest pain
10. The arrest may also occur with no warning.
The most obvious sign of cardiac arrest is-
• Lack of palpable pulse.
• Patient will quickly become unconscious
and will have cessation of respiration due
to inadequate cerebral perfusion as a
consequence of decreased cardiac output.
11.
12.
13. Chain of survival:
The term chain of survival provides a
useful metaphor for the elements of the
ECC (Emergency Cardiovascular Care)
systems of care concept
Two chains are known as-
In- hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA)
Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)
14.
15.
16. High quality CPR
• Start compressions within 10 seconds recognition of cardiac arrest.
• Push hard, push fast: Compress at a rate of 100-120/ min with a
depth of
at least 5 cm for adults.
At least one third the depth of the chest, about 5 cm for children
At least one third the depth of the chest, about 4 cm for infants.
• Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
• Minimize interruptions in compressions (try to limit interruptions
to less than 10 seconds).
• Give effective breaths that make the chest rise
• Avoid excessive ventilation
17.
18. BLS for Adult
It is the sequences of procedures performed
to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood
after a sudden pulmonary and / or cardiac
arrest.
Chest compressions and pulmonary
ventilation performed by anyone who knows
how to do it. Anywhere, immediately, without
any other equipment.
19. Aims of basic life support
• To ensure open airway and adequate
ventilation.
• To maintain circulation until help comes
and definite treatment with advanced
life support can be administered.
Components of CPR
Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing
39. Position your hand
Position your free hand on the top of the hand
that placed on the hand.
Interlock your finger
Elbow of the hand should be straight and shoulder
is directly over hands.
Perform chest compressions
Apply firm, heavy pressure depress the sternum
After each compression allow chest to return
normal position
40. Perform chest compressions
apply firm, heavy pressure depress the sternum
after each compression allow chest to return
normal position
43. Adult Breathing
Opening the airway
For breaths to be effective, the victim’s airway must be
open. Two methods for opening the airway are
• Head tilt-chin lift
• Jaw thrust
If a head or neck injury is suspected, use the jaw-thrust
maneuver to reduce neck and spine movement. Switch to a
head tilt – chin lift maneuver if the jaw thrust does not open
the airway.
If multiple rescuers are available, one rescuer can perform a
jaw thrust while another rescuer provides breaths with a bag-
mask device. The third rescuer will give chest compressions.
44. Step Action
1
Place one hand on the victim’s forehead and push
with your palm to tilt the head back.
2
Place the fingers of the other hand under the
bony part of the lower jaw near the chin.
3 Lift the jaw to bring the chin forward.
Head tilt-chin lift
45.
46. Step Action
1 Place one hand on each side of the victim’s head. Rest
your elbows on the surface on which the victim is lying.
2 Place finger under the angles of the victim’s lower jaw
and lift with both hands, displacing the jaw forward.
3 If the lips close, push the lower lip with thumb to open
lips.
Jaw thrust maneuver
55. 5 CYCLE OF 30 COMPRESSION AND TWO
BREATH IN 2 MINUTES.
RE-ASSESS AFTER 5 CYCLE.
IF TWO RESCUER, SWITCH ROLE AFTER 5
CYCLE.
56.
57. Characteristics of High Quality CPR
• Give chest compression at the rate of 100 beats
per minute at the depth of 1.5 to 2 inches.
• Push hard and push fast
• Allow full chest recoil.
• Minimal hyperventilation
• Minimal interruption.
• For cervical injury -
Do not go for head tilt and chin lift
Do jaw thrust maneuver
58. Adult Cardiac arrest algorithm
1. Verify scene safety, check for responsiveness,
and get help.
2. Assess for breathing and pulse (look, listen, feel)
3. Determine next action
4. Begin high quality CPR, starting with chest
compressions
5. Attempt defibrillation with the AED
6. Resume high quality CPR
59. Step Action
1 Locate the trachea (on the side closest to you), using 2 or 3 fingers.
2
Slide these 2 or 3 fingers into the groove between the trachea and
the muscles at the side of the neck, where you can feel the carotid
pulse.
3
Feel for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds. If you
do not definitely feel a pulse, begin CPR, starting with chest
compressions.
Location the carotid pulse
60.
61. Step Action
1 Position yourself at the victim’s side.
2
Make sure the victim is lying face up on a firm, flat surface. If the victim is lying face down,
carefully roll him face up. If you suspect the victim has a head or neck injury, try to keep the
head, neck, and torso in a line when rolling the victim to a face up position.
3
Position your hands and body to perform chest compression:
● Put the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest, on the lower half of the breastbone
(sternum).
● Put the heel of dominant hander hand on top of the non dominant hand.
● Straighten arms and position shoulders directly over the hands.
4 Give chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/min.
5
Press down at least 5 cm with each compression. For each chest compression, make sure to push
straight down on the victim’s breastbone.
6 At the end of each compression, make sure to allow the chest to recoil completely.
7 Minimize interruptions of chest compressions.
Chest Compression Technique