Accident Reporting

1. SOP-Accident reporting and Investigations
DR.ASHOK LADDHA—OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
PHYSICIAN

2. Purpose:
The purpose of this SOP is to provide a process for OHS incident/accident reporting and
investigation.
Definitions:
Incident: An unplanned, undesired event that hinders completion of a task and may cause injury,
illness, or property damage or some combination of all three in varying degrees from minor to
catastrophic. Unplanned and undesired do not mean unable to prevent. Unplanned and
undesired also do not mean unable to prepare for Crisis planning is how we prepare for serious
incidents that occur that require response for mitigation.
Near Miss: A subset of incidents that could have resulted in injury, illness or property damage, if
given a different set of circumstances, but didn't. Near misses are also known as 'close calls.'
Perhaps the better term to consider is 'near hit.'

3. Definitions
Accident: An accident is regarded as a particular type of incident in which an injury or illness
actually occurs and also involves loss or damage to the property,plant,machinery along with
injury or loss of human life.

4. Types of Accident
FAC(First aid case): An accident occurring while on the job and which is treated at site by the qualified
first aider (one time treatment) or any minor industrial injury which normally do not need medical
intervention. The injured person resume his work .
MAC(Medical treatment case):Medical treatment case an accident occurring in plant and which
required intervention of qualified medical professional. The injured person required medication more
than a day and he may or may not resume duty on same day.
LTA or LTI(Lost time accident or incident ): A lost time injury (LTI) is an injury sustained by an
employee that will ultimately lead to the loss of productive work time in the form of worker delays or
absenteeism. An injury is considered a lost time injury only when the worker is unable to perform the
regular duties of the job, takes time off for recovery, or is assigned modified work duties for the
recovery period.
Reportable Injury: It is not necessary that report all injury cases, If someone has died or has been
seriously injured because of a work-related accident and require immediate emergency medical
treatment or hospitalization this may have to be reported. Not all accidents need to be reported,
other than for certain gas incidents, a RIDDOR report is required only when: the accident is work-
related. it results in an injury of a type which is reportable.

5. Notifiable Incident
Notifiable Occurrence: An incident at a workplace or with equipment that results in:
The death of a person
A person needing immediate medical (registered medical practitioner)treatment for:
Amputation/ Serious Head Injury
Serious Eye Injury/ Separation of skin from underlying tissue such as DE gloving or
scalping
Electric Shock/ Spinal Injury/ Loss of Body Function
Serious Laceration / Cut/ Immediate Hospital Treatment (as an in-patient)
Medical treatment require for more than24 hours of being exposed to a substance
(such as chemicals or biological material)

6. Dangerous Occurrence
Dangerous Occurrence: A situation that creates an immediate risk to the heath and safety
of persons in the near vicinity (a “near-miss”), such as:
The collapse, overturning, failure or malfunction of, or damage to certain items of plant.
The collapse or failure of an excavation or of the shoring supporting an excavation
The collapse of part of a building or structure
An implosion, explosion or fire
The escape, spillage or leakage of substances (where the health and safety of people has been
put at risk)
The fall or release from height of any plant, object or substance

7. Objectives
To prevent and control incident/accident/near miss/dangerous occurrence
To fulfill the regulatory requirements
Zero Accident/Incident/Near miss

8. Scope
This SOP is applicable to all accident/incident/near miss/dangerous occurrence occurring in
factory premises.

9. Role & Responsibility
1. All employee
2. Managers/supervisors
3. Department head
4. Safety advisor
5. HSE team

10. Reporting Process
The person who witnesses the event shall report to concerned department officer/engineer.
On receiving information the officer/engineer shall assess the situation and shall inform to
senior person. If person injured and first aid being imparted at site by the qualified first aider
and this shall be recorded in first aid treatment register which is maintained at site. If the
injury is beyond the scope of first aider. The concern department person shall send the injured
person to Occupational health center. On examination by the qualified medical doctor ,if
required the injured person will be sent to higher center for further management.

11. Investigation Process
OHC/site first aider will communicate the incidence to the Manager EHS and who shall inform to
senior vice president –technical about the event. The EHS Manager shall form the cross
functional investigation team in consultation with senior vice president-technical. This team
should have at least 3 members 1-who reported accident/2-1 member from other
department/3-1 member from EHS department.
Use the Incident Timeline and Root Cause Analysis or TAP Root Analysis Model to carry out
the following steps:
Describe the 'incident/accident/problem' as accurately as possible (include what, when and
how), base the description on fact rather than conjecture.
Avoid describing the result; Use the “Incident Timeline” to describe the events that have lead to
the result; the problem is the process that leads to the incident.

12. Investigation Process-2
Visit the site of the incident and talk to witnesses and people who were involved to obtain the facts.
Gather contributory facts.
Lead the people who were involved in the accident and the investigation in a brain storming exercise to gather
all the possible contributing factors.
Record these possible contributing factors under “The 5 P’s”; Places; Plant; Procedures; People; and Protection.
Isolate the essential/contributory factors - those considered by the investigation team to be causal or
contributory in the incident.
Test for essential contribution. That is:
Would the incident have still occurred if the factor was not present?
Which factor must be present for the incident to occur?
Check whether changing the process will result in controlling the major contributing factor/s.
Determine corrective actions by using ‘Hierarchy of Control "as given in hazard management.

13. Investigation Process-3
Actions should be entered into the “Corrective Action Plan” and must be specific written task
descriptions, which are practicable and designed to improve the work process.
A person and due date must be nominated for each action.
If expenditure is required, those responsible for the relevant budget must be involved.
Follow-up to ensure that changes have occurred.
The line manager/supervisor is responsible for following up to ensure that actions are
implemented, or if not, for documenting the reasons why not. This step is essential to get closer
to accident investigation.

14. Statutory incident/accident Reporting
A completed Appropriate Form must be sent to appropriate Govt.regulatory authorities by the
Admin or HSE Coordinator within 48 hours of a serious incident or dangerous occurrence. All
information and forms must be kept for a designated number of years. Failure to notify of a
serious workplace injury or death or dangerous occurrence can result in fines for individuals
and/or organizations.
submission of Form does not replace the internal incident or investigation report forms - it is
only used when an incident occurs that is reportable to Government regulatory authorities.

15. Responsibility
To implement SOP Unit Head/Head Technical
To inform accident/incidence event to Department head Site First aider/First
witness
To impart first ad treatment and maintain record Site qualified first aider
To send injured person to OHC along with FELLOW EMPLOYEE for further
medical attention
Site Supervisor/Engineer
To Impart medical treatment & take appropriate decision about sending
injured person to higher center and communicate the message to all concern
Occupational health
nurse/Occupational health
physician
To send accident /incidence report to all concern Occupational health
nurse/Occupational health
physician
To carry out investigation and submit appropriate report to all concern and
OHC(TO CONFIRM THAT THE INJURY IS OF OCCUPATIONAL ORIGIN)
Cross Functional
Team/Head EHS

16. References
Factory act
Dangerous Goods act
Accident compensation act
Environment protection act