This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including its definition, purposes, indications, principles, and standard method. CPR is a life-saving technique used when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It maintains an open airway, breathing through external ventilation, and blood circulation through chest compressions. The standard CPR method follows the sequence of chest compressions, airway, and breathing (CAB). It involves 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths in repeated cycles until emergency responders arrive.

1. CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
Presented by
Monika Devi
Msc(N)
HCN, SRHU

2. INTRODUCTION
 CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving
technique useful in many emergencies including
heart attack or near drowning in which some one’s
breathing or heart beat has stopped.

3. DEFINITION
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a techniques of
basic life support for oxygenating the brain and heart
untill appropriate, definition medical treatment can
restore normal heart and ventilatory action.

4. PURPOSES
 To maintain an open and clear airway
 To maintain breathing by external ventilation.
 To maintain blood circulating by external cardiac
massages.
 To save life of the patient.
 To provide basic life support till medical and
advanced life support arrives.

5. INDICATION
 Cardiac arrest
 Respiratory arrest
 Drowning
 Foreign body in throat
 Smoke inhalation
 Drug overdose
 Suffocation
 Accidental injury
 Coma

6. PRINCIPLES OF CPR
 To restore effective circulation and ventilation
 To prevent irreversible central damage due to
anorexia . When the heart fails to maintain the
cerebral circulation for approximately four minutes
the brain may suffer irreversible damage.

7. STANDARD METHOD OF CPR
 The standard method of CPR has been A-B-C, ‘A’
for airway, ‘B’ for breathing and ‘C’ for
compressions.
 But recently the American Heart Association (AHA)
has changed it from Airway, Breathing & Circulation
(ABC)to Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing
(CAB)

8. STEPS IN CPR :-
Before starting CPR, check:-
 Is the person conscious or unconscious?
 If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or
her shoulder and ask loudly,
"Are you OK?"
 If the person doesn't respond, call the local
emergency number and begin CPR.

9. 2.CIRCULATION
 Restore blood circulation with chest compressions.
 Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
 Place the heel of one hand over the centre of the
person's chest. Place your other hand on top of the first
hand.
 Use your upper body weight and compress the chest at
least 2 inches.
 Push hard & fast at a rate of about 100 compressions a
minute.
chest compressions to restore circulation

10. 3. AIRWAY
(3) Airway:-
 Clear the airway
 Open the person's airway using the head-tilt,
chin-lift maneuver.

11. CONT…
 Check for normal breathing.
 Look for chest rise, listen for normal breath sounds,
and feel for the person's breath on your cheek.
 If the person isn't breathing normally , begin mouth-
to-mouth breathing.

12. 4. BREATHING
(4) Breathing:-
 Breathe for the person
 Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or
mouth-to-nose breathing.
 Using Head tilt-Chin lift maneuver give two rescue
breaths.

13. CONT...
 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths is
considered 1 cycle. Or 1 cycle = 30: 2
 Continue CPR until 5cycles are completed.
 If the person has not begun moving after five cycles,
administer one shock by using Automated external
defibrillator (AED).
 Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or
emergency medical personnel take over.

14. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Maintain airway patency with use of airway adjuncts as
required (suction, high flow oxygen with oxygen or
bag valve mask ventilation).
 Assist with intubation and securing of ETT inserts
gastric tube and facilitates gastric decompression past
intubation as required.
 Assists with ongoing management of airway patency
and adequate ventilation.
 Support less experienced staff by coaching ?guidance
e.g. drug preparation.

15. CONT…
 If a shock able rhythm is present ensure manual
defibrillator pads are applied and connected.
 If cpr is an progress, prepare and independently
double of adrenaline.
 Prepare and administer i/v fluids.
 Document medications administered (including
time).

16. SUMMARY

17. REFERENCES

18. THANK YOU