Corona viruses are enveloped positive RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts including humans. They are transmitted via respiratory droplets and cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe lower respiratory tract infections. While there are no specific treatments, most corona virus illnesses will resolve on their own with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. Prevention focuses on avoiding close contact with infected individuals and maintaining good hygiene practices.

2. Introduction
 Corona viruses are enveloped positive RNA viruses
with helical nucleocapsid. They measures 80-160 nm
and the glycoproteins on the surface of envelope
appear as club shaped projections that measures 20nm
in length and 5-11 nm in width. Corona viruses are
widely spread in nature and infect a wide range of
hosts ( dogs, birds, cats, rats, cow, pigs and men).They
exhibit tropism for respiratory and gastrointestinal
tract epithelial cells.

3. Mode of transmission
 The virus is transmitted by respiratory route.
( aerosols and in large droplets such as sneezes)

4. Pathogenesis
 HCV causes diseases at portal of entry in the upper
respiratory tract similar to colds caused by rhino
viruses but with a longer incubation period (2-5 days)
 Re-infection are common. Protective immunity against
HCV depends on production of IgA mucosal
antibodies. Mucosal immunity is short- lived,
moreover, there is a too short incubation period for a
secondary response to be mounted in time for
prevention of re-infection

5. Clinical features
 Corona viruses were first isolated from respiratory
tract of persons suffering from common cold. HCV is
found in stool but their role in gastrointestinal
diseases is unknown.
 Subclinical infections occur in half of all cases infected
by HCV.
 Clinical infections: HCV causes common cold and low
grade fever. The disease is self-limiting.
 Complication: The infection may exacerbate a pre-
existing chronic pulmonary disease such as bronchitis
and asthma.

6. Laboratory diagnosis
Diagnosis is made clinically by
 Isolation
 Direct demonstration
 Serological test

7. Treatment
There are no specific treatments for illnesses
caused by human corona viruses . Most people
with corona virus illness will recover on their own.
However, some things can be done to relieve the
symptoms, such as
 taking pain and fever medications (Caution:
Aspirin should not be given to children), and
 using a room humidifier or taking a hot shower to
help ease a sore throat and cough.
If we are sick ,we should —
 drink plenty of liquids, and
 stay home and rest.

8. Prevention
 Keep the patient at home.
 Avoiding close contact with others.
 Cover mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
 Keep objects and surfaces clean and disinfected.

9. THANK YOU