measles and influenza for nursing and other health department INTRODUCTION. DEFINITION. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF LUNG, Epidemiology, CLINICAL MANIFESTATION DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION COMPLICATION MANAGEMENT PREVENTION HEALTH EDUCATION.

1. SUBJECT :- COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
SEMINAR ON:-MEASLES AND INFLUENZA
COLLEGE OF NURSING

2.  General objective: at the end of the class
student gain depth knowledge about the
measles and influenza.
specific objectives: at he end of the class student
will gain depth knowledge regarding measles and influenza.
*Introduction the measles and influenza
*Definition measles and influenza
*Review the anatomy and physiology of lungs
*Enumerate the epidemiology measles and influenza.
*Enumerate Clinical manifestation measles and influenza
*Explain the Diagnostic evaluation measles and influenza
*Enlist the complication of measles and influenza
*Describe the treatment of the measles and influenza
*Explain the prevention measles and influenza
*Conclude measles and influenza

3. INTRODUCTION
Measles (sometimes known as rubeola) is a highly infectious
viral illness. It causes a range of symptoms including fever,
coughing and distinctive red-brown spots on the skin.
The measles virus is contained in the millions of tiny droplets
that come out of the nose and mouth when an infected person
coughs or sneezes.
Small white spots known as Koplik’s spots may form inside the
mouth two or three days after the start of symptoms.
The incubation period from exposure to onset of measles
symptoms ranges from 7 to 14 days (average, 10-12
days).

4. DEFINITION
It is a viral disease that found in children and it causative organism
– PARAMYXO GROUP. It is also know as rubeola (RED SPOT) &
present in skin.
OR
An acute and highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever,
runny nose, cough, red eyes, and a spreading skin rash. Measles,
also known as rubeola,

5. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
OF LUNG
The organs of the respiratory system are divided into two parts.
1 upper respiratory tract includes.
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
2 Lower respiratory tract include.
 Trachea
 Lungs
Bronchus

6. Nose – nasal cavity is the main route of air and consists of a larger
irregular cavity divided into two equal passages by a septum.
PHARYNX – the pharynx { throat} is a passageway about 12-14 cm
long. It extends from the posterior nares, & runs behind the mouth
& the larynx to the level of the 6th thoracic vertebra, where it
becomes the oesphagus.
LARYNX – The larynx or ‘’voice box ’’ links the laryngopharynx &
the trachea.it lies in front of the laryngopharynx & the 3rd , 4th & 6th
cervical vertebral.
TARCHEA – The trachea or windpipe is a continuation of the
larynx & extends downward to about the level of the 5th thoracic
vertebra where it divides at the carina into the right & left primary
bonaci, one bronchus going to each lung it is approximately 10 -11
cm long & lies mainly in the median plane in front of the
oesophaus.

7. LUNGS – There are two lungs one lying on each side of the midline
in the thoracic cavity . They are cone- shaped & have an apex, a
base, a tip costal surface & medial surface the right lungs is divided
into three distict lobes superior , middle & inferior the left lungs is
smaller bzc the heart occupies left of the midline.
the respiratory system provide the routes
by which the supply of oxygen present in the atmospheric air enters
the body & it provides the route of excretion for carbon dioxide.
• Warming & passage of airway
• Filtering & cleaning
• Humidification
• Exchange of gases

8. Epidemiology of Measles
The virus spreads by the respiratory route via aerosol droplets and
respiratory secretions which can remain infectious for several hours.
The infection is acquired through the upper respiratory tract or
conjunctiva.
1) Agent Factor :-
i. Agent - measles virus
ii. Source of infection - case of infection
iii. Infective material – secretion of nose, throat, respiratory
tract.
iv. Period of communicability – 4 days before and after the
rashes.

9. 2) Host Factor :-
i. Age – 6th month – 3 year. Up to 5 year in poor
countries.
ii. Nutrition – malnourished children mostly
affected.
3) Environmental factor :-
i. epidemic in winter and spring in India.
ii. Population density also affect no. of cases.

10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Fever
Sneezing
› Nasal discharge

11.  Redness of eyes
 Diarrhea
 Photophobia
 lethargy

12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection – Take all the history the
client
 Physical examination – Take all the physical
examination of the client.
 Koplik’s spot - Little spots inside the mouth that are highly
characteristic of the early phase of measles. The spots look like a
tiny grains of white sand, each surrounded by a red ring. They are
found especially on the inside of the cheek (the buccal mucosa)
opposite the 1st and 2nd upper molars.

13. Serological Studies – Serological studies is the scientific
study of the serum and term usually refers to the diagnostic
identification of antibodies in the serum.
There are several serology technique that can
be used there include.
a) ELISA
b) Agglutination
c) Precipitation
d) Complement fixation

14. COMPLICATION
diarrhea and vomiting,
which can lead to
dehydration
middle ear infection (otitis
media), which can cause
earache.
eye infection (conjunctivitis)
inflammation of the voice
box (laryngitis)
infections of the airways and lungs
(such as pneumonia, bronchitis )

15. MANAGEMENT
Vaccines :-Measles can be prevented
by active immunization {live attenuated
vaccine}
Sno. Immunization dose route age
1} Live attenuated vaccine
agent measles
0.5ml Subcutaneo
-us
9
month
Note:- Measles vaccine should not be given in pregnancy.
Immunoglobulins :- Administersed of immunoglobulins early
in the incubation period can also prevent the disease .
- It should be given 9 month
- It should be administered within 3-4 days of exposure.

16. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
DRUGS :-
Antiviral drug :- acyclovir 2Mg
Uses action :- chickenpox
sedative drug :-Diazepam 2 ml
Antipyretic drug :- paracetamol 5 mg
Analgesic drug :- diclofenac
no Passive Immunization Dose
* Immunoglobulines 0.25 ml per Kg of body weight

17. PREVENTION
 Vaccination against measles is the most
effective preventive measure
 Maintain good personal and environmental hygiene; Keep hands
clean
 Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
Wash hands thoroughly

18.  Clean used toys and furniture properly.
Consult doctors promptly if develop symptoms of measles.
Refrain from work or school till 4 days from the appearance of rash to
prevent spread of the infection
Avoid contact with non-immune persons (especially pregnant women,
women preparing for pregnancy and infants)

19. INFLUENZA

20. INTRODUCTION
Influenza is a viral infection that affects the
upper respiratory tract. Influenza is an acute repiratary tract
infection caused by influenza virus. The other name of the influenza
is “flu” . The virus is transmitted easily from person to person via.
The respiratory droplets produces when people cough, sneeze of
spit. A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses
that the nose, throat & lungs.it can caused mild & severe illness, &
at time can lead “to death. The flu virus belong to the virus family
“orthomyxovirus”.

21. DEFINITION
ACCORDING TO WHO :- Influenza is a viral infection tat
affects mainly the nose, throat, bronchi & lungs. Infection
usually lasts for about a week, & is characterized by sudden
onset of high fever, aching muscles, headache & sever
malaise, non-productive cough, sore throat & rhinitis.

22. EPIDEMILOGY
AGENT
INFECTIVE
PERIOD
AGE &SEX
HUMAN
MOBILITY
MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
INCUBATION
PERIOD

23. AGENT
Influenza is caused by infection of the respiratory tract
with influenza viruses. Three immunological types of
influenza viruses are known, namely type A,B&C. type A
causes the most sever type of infection type C tends to be the
mildest.

24. INFECTIVE PERIOD
A case can communicate the Infection
to other up to 7 day from the beginning
of the Disease.
AGE & SEX
All ages and both sexes are susceptible .

25. HUMAN MOBILITY
This is an important factor in the spred of infection.

26. MODE OF TRANMISSION
*Direct Contact
• * Droplet Infection

27. INCUBATION PERIOD
The typical incubation period for influenza is 1-4 days
{Average 2 days} most healthy adults may be able to infect
others begging 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5
to 7 days after becoming sick.
18 to 72 hours.

28. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• High fiver
• Pain in body weakness
• Excess sweating
•

29. * Headache
• Fatigue
• Sore throat

30. • Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, through
this is more common in children that adults.
• Sneezing

31. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
*The diagnostic of influenza depends on
epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory
considerations
*History collection & physical examination.
*chest x-ray
*CT scan {when required}
* Serology test

32. COMPLICATIONS
*NEUROLOGICAL
Meningitis
Guillain barre
syndrome
CARDIAC
*Myocarditis
RESPIRATORY
* sinusitis/
Bronchitis/
Pharyngitis
*Pneumonia
PREGNANCY
*lower birth wight
*Smaller Neonatal
size
*Increased risk of
prematurity

33. MANAGEMENT
As influenza is caused by a virus antibiotics are
Leseles , unless has progressed to other
illness caused by bacteria some of the common
symptoms like a headache and body. Pain can be treated with help
of painkillers/like paracetamol.
influenza a was previously treated with
amantadine hydrochloride, 100mg twice a day for 2-3 days after
the subsidence of symptoms since the flu virus has become
resistant to it, today the disease is treated with oseltamivir 3mg/kg
twice daily for five days.

34. avoid use of common towels
glasses and eating utensils
COVER YOUR MOUTH
AND NOSE with a tissue
when you cough or sneeze.
DON’T TOUCH
YOUR FACE
with unwashed
hands; it’s
the easiest way for
germs to
enter your body
SMILING and laughter can help
boost your immune system.
EAT HEALTHY and
balanced meals to
strengthen your
immune system
EXERCISE
boosts your immune
system and speeds
recovery from illness.
STAY HOME
until your
fever is gone
for 24 hours
without using
fever-reducing
medicine.
INFLUENZA is the only
respiratory virus
preventable
by vaccination.
PREVENTION

35. HALTH EDUCATION
DIEAT - Present in foods like oranges, lemon , strawberries, papaya,
etc., vitamin C is known to boost your immunity. It will help your
body to effectively fight against the virus and flush them out of your
system, helping in quick recovery.

36. HYGIENE good personal hygiene is important to help prevent the
spread of disease, including washing hands regularly, disposing of
used tissues, and not sharing eating utensils or drinks.
MEDICATION – proper medication should be taken at proper
time.
FOLLOW UP – Advice to the client to take all this is daily routine
follow up.