The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that affects children. Children typically present with cough, runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion. Rhinoviruses cause over 50% of colds in children. Treatment focuses on symptom relief through medications. Prevention emphasizes handwashing, limiting self-inoculation, and annual influenza vaccination.
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
Les principaux objectifs: Fournir une plateforme complète d’annotation automatique des signaux EEG dans le domaine de l’épilepsie. Le dispositif « neuronaute» de Bioserenity pour le suivi à distance des patients épileptiques.
Mise en place d’une interface clinique-recherche pour l’interprétation et l’analyse de l’EEG.
–Identifications et validation de biomarqueurs pour l’aide au diagnostic.
–Prédiction des crises d’épilepsie en temps réel.
communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursingRadhika kulvi
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
Pneumonia-medical information (symptoms , management , diagnosis)martinshaji
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening It is most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65, and people with health problems or weakened immune systems.
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A brief on Corona Virus, signs and symptoms and its management, virus, incubation period, medicines, treatment, mortality and severity with proper references.
measles and influenza for nursing and other health department
INTRODUCTION.
DEFINITION.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF LUNG,
Epidemiology,
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
COMPLICATION
MANAGEMENT
PREVENTION
HEALTH EDUCATION.
Influenza is a viral infection. The virus can attack your respiratory system and cause pneumonia, headaches, and fatigue (tiredness). The flu virus can spread from person to person. When flu patients cough, sneeze or talk, they spray tiny droplets. These droplets will fall on the mouth or nose of nearby people. Complications may occur in some people who are infected with the flu. Some of these complications may be serious or even life-threatening. Flu symptoms appear suddenly. Diagnose flu. Provide your healthcare provider. The person first takes a medical history and asks about your symptoms. There are several flu tests. To perform the test, your doctor will use a cotton swab on the inside of your nose or the back of your throat. Then, you will be tested for the flu virus on the swab. Some tests are fast and can provide results within 15-20 minutes. However, these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can provide results within an hour or a few hours. Most people recover from the flu on their own without medical treatment.
In humans the respiratory tract is
the part of the anatomy that has to
do with the process of respiration.
The respiratory tract is divided into
3 segments:
Upper respiratory tract: nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and throat or pharynx
Respiratory airways: voice box or larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Lungs: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Objectives
After completing this article, you will be able to:
Identify clinical presentations of….
Explain how to diagnose…..
Demonstrate differentials of….
List the complications of….
List the causes of……
Outline the epidemiology of….
Explain the pathogenesis of…..
Explain the transmission of….
Treat a patient presenting with…
Educate how to prevent……
3. Introduction
Common cold is an acute , viral infection of the upper respiratory infection involving
the nose, sinuses, pharynx and larynx.
Almost every ill patient presents with the runny nose, cough, and congestion that are
the hallmarks of the common cold.
Most patients (and their parents) are tired and uncomfortable as a result of these
symptoms.
4. Clinical Presentation
Children typically present with cough, sneezing, nasal congestion, and runny
nose.
Nasal discharge may be clear initially but often turns yellow-green within a
few days.
Mild fever may be present initially in preschool-age(3-6yo) patients, but
vomiting and diarrhea are uncommon.
Parents also may report sleep disturbance and increased fatigue.
Symptoms persist for at least 10 days in most children.
Sore throat or hoarseness also may be present in children.
6. Diagnosis
Common cold is a clinical diagnosis.
Subjective complaints may include nasal stuffiness, sore throat, and
headache.
Objective findings may include fever, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy,
erythema of the nasal mucosa and oropharynx, and nasal discharge.
Laboratory tests are not helpful;
In some countries, rapid tests are available for detection of respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza.
7. Differential diagnosis
Other conditions to consider in the diagnosis include
1. nasal foreign body,
2. allergic rhinitis,
3. vasomotor rhinitis (rhinitis due to muscle and nerves dilatation),
4. bacterial sinusitis,
5. rhinitis medicamentosa(inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose
due to medicaments like…..,)
6. and structural abnormalities of the nose or sinuses.
History and physical examination should be sufficient to differentiate these
conditions from the common cold.
8. Complications
Complications arises due to secondary bacterial infections and wheezing
Major complications are: otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia.
About 30% of colds in preschool-age children may be complicated into otitis
media, and this risk is highest in children 6 to 11 months of age.
Sinusitis may occur in 5% to 10% of children who have colds and may be
considered when symptoms are not improving after 10 days.
Other potential complications include peritonsillar cellulitis and abscess,
conjunctivitis, mastoiditis, and meningitis.
9. Causes
Rhinoviruses cause at least 50% of the colds in children, thus, are the most
common sources of cold infections
(https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/32/2/47).
Other causes of the common cold include
adenoviruses,
influenza viruses,
enteroviruses,
Coronaviruses.
10. Epidemiology
Cold season begins in beginning of the rain fall periods
This results not from a single cold virus but from a number of viruses moving
through the community during the rain fall.
Colds are most common in children younger than the age of 6 years, who
routinely experience six to eight colds annually.
Lack of previous exposure leads to increased successibility
11. Pathogenesis
Viral infection of the nasopharyngeal mucosa initiate a host inflammatory
response that produces the symptoms.
Cold virus is deposited on the mucosa of the nose.
Virus then attaches to receptors on cells in the nasopharynx and enters the
cells.
The infected cells release potent cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8
(inflammation modulators)
Inflammation arises. (signs of inflammation)
Vascular permeability increases and plasma proteins, including albumin and
bradykinin, leak into the nasal secretions, increasing the volume of secretions
produced.
12. Transmission
Cold viruses transferred from person to person and cause the appearance of
symptoms 1 to 2 days after inoculation.
There are three mechanisms for transmission of the common cold:
1. small particle aerosols produced from coughing that are inhaled by another
person,
2. Droplets produced from saliva expelled during a sneeze that land nasal
mucosa of another person,
3. or self-inoculation of one's own nasal mucosa after touching a person or
object contaminated with cold virus.
13. Treatment
Symptomatic relief is the primary goal of treatment,
Antihistamines: E.g.: hydroxyzine, and chlorpheniramine,
Antiviral (oseltamivir, amantadine, rimantadine, and zanamivir),
Expectorants and antitussives (Guaifenesin and dextromethorphan
respectively),
Decongestants (pseudoephedrine),
and antipyretics/analgesics (acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen)
Combinations mostly exist as OTC medications.
Antibiotics are indicated only when secondary bacterial complications are
diagnosed.
14. Treatment
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel has
recommended against the use of these medications in children younger than
six .
these medications are not proven to be effective and have the potential to
cause dangerous side effects. For children older than 6 years, cold
medications may have fewer risks; however, there is still no proven benefit.
15. Prevention
The best treatment of a cold is prevention.
In some countries, annual influenza vaccination is recommended and is the
only vaccine available to prevent a respiratory viral infection.
Handwashing effectively removes cold viruses from the hands.
Virucidal tissues
Virucidal hand gels are also available
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers
Limiting contact with one's own nasal and conjunctival mucosa can reduce
self-inoculation.
16. QUESTIONS cold????
Ask me if you are not able to:
Identify clinical presentations of….
Explain how to diagnose…..
Demonstrate differentials of….
List the complications of….
List the causes of……
Outline the epidemiology of….
Explain the pathogenesis of…..
Explain the transmission of….
Treat a patient presenting with…
Educate how to prevent……
17. References
Pappas DE., et al Symptom profile of common colds in children. Pediatr Infect
Dis J. 2014;27:8–11 . Online source;
https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/32/2/47 accessed on
11/Jan/2017
