Cooperative learning involves students working in small groups to help one another learn. It has several key elements: 1) Students work in diverse groups on tasks and problems to improve their understanding of a subject. Group members help each other learn. 2) It promotes higher achievement, develops social skills like cooperation, and creates a more positive learning environment compared to competitive settings. 3) Effective cooperative learning relies on positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, developing social skills, and group processing of what was learned.

1. What is meant by cooperative learning?

2. Cooperative learning is defined as “ small groups of
learners working together as a team to solve a problem
,complete a task, or accomplish a common goal”
(Artz&Newman 1990) .
Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy
in which small teams, each with students of different
levels of ability ,use a variety of learning activities to
improve their understanding of a subject ,each
member of a team is responsible not only for learning
what is taught but also for helping teammates learn,
thus creating an atmosphere of achievement .students
work through the assignment until all group members
successfully understand and complete it.

3. 1. It promotes self-esteem and makes Ss feel better
about themselves, school and others.
2- It promotes higher achievement, develops social
skills including listening, taking turns, conflict
resolution skills,leadership skills and team work skills
3-It teaches Ss to cooperate with others and do their best.
4-It welcomes Ss to benefit from their classmates’
knowledge and thoughts.
5-It protects less capable Ss from impossible challenges.
6-It facilitates problem solving skills and creativity.
7-It leads to more relaxed atmosphere, greater
motivation and increased student talk.

4. 8- It makes student appreciate differences & diversity.
It removes damaging competition between and among
students and creates competition among groups.
9- It builds empathy i.e. understanding and appreciating
the point of view and feeling of others, being
considerate of others .
10- It leads to equal and increased participation .
11- It creates the feeling that “ Alone we are struck; in
interaction we grow “
12- It prepares students for the interdependent team-
(Dr.Spencer Kagan).based workplace of the 21st Century

5. 1- Positive interdependence (We instead of Me) a sense of
working together for a common goal. Each member is
affected by the actions of other group members. You
cannot succeed unless they do. Their work benefits you
and your work benefits them.
2- Individual accountability whereby every team member
feels in charge of their own and their teammates’ learning
and makes an active contribution to the group. Everyone's
effort counts.
3- Face-to-face interaction where learners explain,
argue, elaborate and link current material with that
they have learned previously.

6. 4- Collaborative skills: Sufficient interpersonal
social skills , involving an explicit teaching of
appropriate leadership , communication , trust and
conflict resolution skills so that the team can
function effectively.
5- Group processing : team reflection , whereby the
teams periodically assess what they have learned,
how well they are working together and how they
might do better as a learning team.

7. • The needs of a relatively low-preforming student are
ignored.
• Some gifted students carry along the others.
• A group’s product earns a grade awarded to all
students without regard to individual growth or
participation.
• The reward structure penalizes groups whose members
include low achievers by failing to recognize
improvement as an important contributor to team
success.
• A group activity does not involve members in
promotion of each other’s achievement.
• There is no instruction on how to work together
effectively and how to evaluate effectiveness.

8. 1- Before the lesson:
• Make sure the learning objectives are clear.
• Decide on group size and membership.
• Determine the materials necessary for the group .
2- developing students’ social skills:
• Set rules for cooperating and ensure that they are implemented such as :
• Work quietly together on team assignment
• Ask for explanation not answers .
• Listen carefully to teammate ‘ questions.
• Ask teammates for help if you need it.
• Help each other stay on task .
• Ask the teacher for help only if you have asked everyone
on your team and discovered they cannot help.

9. 3- Establish Good Teamwork in which:
• Team members are facing each other ,desks or chairs
are close to each other.
• Team members have all material ready.
• Team members are taking turns.
• Every team member is working hard.
• Team members are listening to each other.
• Team members are using twelve-inch voices.
• Team members are asking “ will you please explain?”.
• Team members are saying “it is your own”.
• Team members are saying “ let’s see if each of us
knows this.”

10. Teamwork
skills
1
Forming
skills
2
Functioning
skills
3
Formulating
skills
4
Fermenting
skills

11. Cooperative learning strategies:
1- Jigsaw (often used with narrative materials)
Each team member is responsible for learning specific
part of a topic. After meeting members of other groups,
who are the “expert” in the same part, the experts return
to their own groups and present their findings and teach
them to other group members. Team members then are
quizzed on all topic.
2- Think-Pair-Share :
Students spend a few minutes thinking individually
about a solution to a problem posed by the teacher,
then discuss their ideas with a peer before sharing their
ideas with the whole group.

12. 3- Numbered Heads Together:
A team of four is established. Each member is given a
number of 1,2,3,4 . Questions are asked and groups
work together. Teacher calls out a number (two) and
each two is asked to give the answer.
4- Round Robin Brainstorming:
Groups appoint one member as the recorder. A question
is posed with many answers and students are given time
to think about answers .After the “think time” ,members
of the team share responses with one another round
robin style. The recorder writes down the answers of the
group members. The person next to the recorder starts
and each person in the group in order gives an answer
until time is called.

13. 5- Group Investigations:
Are structured to emphasize higher-order thinking skills
such as analysis and evaluation. Students work to
produce a group project, which they may have a hand in
selecting.
6- Circle The Sage:
The teacher may ask who in the class was able to solve a
difficult question. Those students (the sages) stand and
spread out in the classroom. The teacher then has the
rest of the classmates each surround a sage, with no two
members of the same team going to the same sage. The
sage explains what they know while classmates listen
,ask questions, and take notes. All students then return
to their teams. Each in turn ,explains what they learned.