The delegates at the Constitutional Convention addressed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and made compromises between large and small states and northern and southern states. They established a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House and equal representation for each state in the Senate. The convention also addressed the issue of slavery through compromises, including counting enslaved people as three-fifths of persons for representation and prohibiting banning the slave trade for twenty years.

1. The Constitutional Convention
• Frustration with the
Articles of
Confederation led to
calls to revise the
Articles of
Confederation.

2. The Constitutional Convention

3. Drafting the Constitution
• Address the
weaknesses of the
Articles of
Confederation
• Make compromises
between large and
small states and
between the North
and South.

4. The Constitutional Convention
• 1787 - Philadelphia
• 55 Delegates from
all the states
• RI didn’t attend

5. Leaders of the Convention
• Nationalists
–Supporters of strong central
government
• George Washington
– Presides over the convention.
• James Madison
– Kept notes of the discussions
– Called “The Father of the Constitution.”

6. Absent
• John Adams
– Ambassador to England
• Thomas Jefferson
– Ambassador to France
• Patrick Henry
– “smelled a rat”
• Sam Adams
– not chosen be part of the delegation

7. Issues to be addressed
• The power of the
federal
government?
• Would the states or
the federal
government have
the most power?

8. Issues
• What compromises did the delegates
make at the Constitutional Convention?

9. Representation in Congress
• How many members on Congress
would each state get?
–Small states v. Large states

10. Slavery
• How would slaves be counted?
• Would the slave trade continue?

11. The Great Compromise
• Aka: Connecticut
Compromise
• Bicameral (two
houses) house-
benefit all states

12. The Great Compromise
• One house called
Senate
– Members chosen by
the state legislatures
– Two senators state
– Each state gets one
vote
• One house called
House of
Representatives
– Members chosen by
population
– Number of members
based on population

14. The problem of slavery
• South wanted to it to prop up the
Southern economy.
• North did not like slavery as much.

15. Slavery Compromise
• Of the 55 Convention
delegates, about 25
owned slaves.
• Many of the largest
slave holders in the
United States

16. The Southern Economy
• Economy was
based on
indentured
servants now
based on slavery
• Slavery grows
along the costal
areas in the
southern colonies

17. Northern Emancipation
• Emancipation of
Slaves becomes
more popular in
the North

18. Southern (slave) states
• Slavery grows
• Wanted to count
slaves as part of
their population

19. Northern (Free) states
• If slaves had no
rights of
citizenship, then
the South should
not be given
additional reps

20. Slavery
• Should the new
national
legislature be
able to regulate
slavery?

21. Slavery Compromises
• Trade Compromise
• 3/5 Compromise
• Fugitive Slave clause

22. Compromise
• Article 1 Section 9 of the Constitution
• "the Migration or Importation of such Persons as any
of the States now existing shall think proper to admit,
shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the
Year one thousand eight hundred and eight."

24. The 3/5ths Clause
• “Representatives and direct taxes shall be
apportion among the several States which may
be included within this Union according to
their respective Numbers, which shall be
determined by adding the whole number of free
Persons, including those bound to Service for a
Term of Years, and excluding Indians not
taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.”

26. Fugitive Slave Clause
• "No Person held to Service or Labour in one
State, . . . , escaping into another, shall . . . be
discharged from such Service or Labour, but
shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to
whom such Service or Labour may be due."