The document provides an overview of British colonial America from the initial European colonization led by Columbus in 1492 through the establishment of the 13 original colonies. It describes the different types of colonies (corporate, proprietary, and royal), the founding and key features of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies, including their economies, religions, cultures, and politics. The colonies developed from efforts to establish religious refuges to commercial enterprises focused on exporting cash crops like tobacco, rice, and grain.

1. British Colonial AmericaBritish Colonial America

2. Native Map of North AmericaNative Map of North America

4. European ColonizationEuropean Colonization
►Columbus in 1492 spearheads EuropeanColumbus in 1492 spearheads European
intervention into Americaintervention into America

5. Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

6. European ColoniesEuropean Colonies

7. EnglandEngland
►Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makesDefeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes
England a superior naval powerEngland a superior naval power
►Population increasesPopulation increases
►Joint-stock companies developJoint-stock companies develop
►Religious conflicts divide the nationReligious conflicts divide the nation
►Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutionsWeak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

8. English ColoniesEnglish Colonies
► ChartersCharters
► Corporate ColonyCorporate Colony
 Granted a charter toGranted a charter to
stockholdersstockholders
 made its own constitutionmade its own constitution
 independently foundedindependently founded
coloniescolonies
 closest to what wouldclosest to what would
eventually become stateseventually become states

9. English ColoniesEnglish Colonies
►Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony
 King granted aKing granted a
charter to individualcharter to individual
or groupor group
 Ex. Maryland,Ex. Maryland,
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

10. English ColoniesEnglish Colonies
►Royal ColonyRoyal Colony
 Under direct controlUnder direct control
of the monarchof the monarch
 Ex. New HampshireEx. New Hampshire
 Eventually, 8 of theEventually, 8 of the
13 colonies became13 colonies became
royal colonies,royal colonies,
including Virginiaincluding Virginia
and Massachusettsand Massachusetts

11. The First English ColoniesThe First English Colonies
►First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585
►First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia inFirst Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in
16071607
 John Smith –John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat”“he that will not work shall not eat”
 John Rolfe - tobaccoJohn Rolfe - tobacco

12. Roanoke in 1585Roanoke in 1585

13. Who is this?Who is this?

14. Oh yeah…PocahontasOh yeah…Pocahontas

15. DisneyDisney’s John Smith’s John Smith

16. HollywoodHollywood’s John Smith’s John Smith

17. This is John Smith.This is John Smith.

18. JamestownJamestown

19. JamestownJamestown

20. PilgrimsPilgrims
► Separatists to HollandSeparatists to Holland
then head for Virginiathen head for Virginia
► MayflowerMayflower takestakes
Separatists and othersSeparatists and others
to Jamestown butto Jamestown but
weather complicatesweather complicates
mattersmatters

21. PilgrimsPilgrims
► Settlers decide toSettlers decide to
remain and establishremain and establish
Plymouth - 1620Plymouth - 1620

22. Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

23. MayflowerMayflower

24. The Mayflower (II)The Mayflower (II)

25. Look, a big rock.Look, a big rock.

26. Wampanoag DwellingWampanoag Dwelling

27. Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony

28. Pulpit/ReligionPulpit/Religion

29. Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies

31. New EnglandNew England
► Massachusetts BayMassachusetts Bay
Colony and PuritansColony and Puritans
(1630)(1630)
 John Winthrop andJohn Winthrop and
“city upon a hill”“city upon a hill”

33. New EnglandNew England
► Providence, RhodeProvidence, Rhode
IslandIsland
► Roger Williams (1636)Roger Williams (1636)
 ““Wall of separation”Wall of separation”
between church andbetween church and
statestate

34. Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

35. New EnglandNew England
► Hartford, New Haven,Hartford, New Haven,
ConnecticutConnecticut
► Thomas Hooker (1636-Thomas Hooker (1636-
1637)1637)
► New Hampshire (1679)New Hampshire (1679)

36. Thomas HookerThomas Hooker

37. New England CultureNew England Culture
► Massachusetts under strictMassachusetts under strict
Puritanical lifestylePuritanical lifestyle
► Religious toleration andReligious toleration and
dissent lead to Rhodedissent lead to Rhode
IslandIsland

38. New England CultureNew England Culture
► Salem Witch Trials (1692-Salem Witch Trials (1692-
1693)1693)
 Cotton MatherCotton Mather
 Spectral evidenceSpectral evidence
► Education by mothersEducation by mothers
► Towns with over 50Towns with over 50
families required primaryfamilies required primary
schools; 100, grammarschools; 100, grammar
schoolsschools

39. New England CultureNew England Culture
►Literacy was particularly high in the NewLiteracy was particularly high in the New
England colonies.England colonies.
►New England was mostly composed ofNew England was mostly composed of
small farms supported by family labor.small farms supported by family labor.
►Thirty-five white Europeans to every oneThirty-five white Europeans to every one
slave.slave.
►Not really diverse religiously or ethnicallyNot really diverse religiously or ethnically

40. New England PoliticsNew England Politics

41. Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutFundamental Orders of Connecticut
(1639)(1639)
► First writtenFirst written
constitution in Americaconstitution in America
► Set up a unifiedSet up a unified
government for thegovernment for the
new colony.new colony.
► ““the foundation ofthe foundation of
authority is in the freeauthority is in the free
consent of the people.consent of the people.””

42. New England Confederation (1643-New England Confederation (1643-
1684)1684)
► Defense allianceDefense alliance
among Plymouth,among Plymouth,
Massachusetts,Massachusetts,
Connecticut, NewConnecticut, New
HavenHaven

43. King PhilipKing Philip’s War (1675-1676)’s War (1675-1676)
►Native-American’s last major effort to driveNative-American’s last major effort to drive
the English colonists out of New England.the English colonists out of New England.
►Native-Americans fought both with andNative-Americans fought both with and
against each other in the conflict.against each other in the conflict.
►New England Confederation defeatsNew England Confederation defeats
Wampanoag allianceWampanoag alliance

44. King PhilipKing Philip’s War (1675-1676)’s War (1675-1676)
►Killed New England’s economyKilled New England’s economy
►Turning pointTurning point
 gave the colonists control of southern Newgave the colonists control of southern New
EnglandEngland
 cleared the way for English expansioncleared the way for English expansion

46. Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies
► New AmsterdamNew Amsterdam
becomes New Yorkbecomes New York
► Lands taken from NewLands taken from New
York to establish NewYork to establish New
Jersey by 1702Jersey by 1702

47. Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies
► Develop wheat andDevelop wheat and
corn farms andcorn farms and
eventually intoeventually into
manufacturing andmanufacturing and
tradetrade
► Delaware created byDelaware created by
Pennsylvania (1702)Pennsylvania (1702)
► Education by private orEducation by private or
churcheschurches

48. Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies
► Opposite of NewOpposite of New
England most diverseEngland most diverse
of all of the colonies.of all of the colonies.
► Weren't harshWeren't harsh
restrictionsrestrictions

49. Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies
► Great tolerance ofGreat tolerance of
diversity.diversity.
► Popular for immigrantsPopular for immigrants
► Less of a coherentLess of a coherent
region.region.

50. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
► Religious refugeReligious refuge
 Liberal political idealsLiberal political ideals
 Economic successEconomic success
 Frame of GovernmentFrame of Government
and Charter of Libertiesand Charter of Liberties

51. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
► William PennWilliam Penn
establishes Quaker-establishes Quaker-
based colony inbased colony in
Pennsylvania (1681)Pennsylvania (1681)
► Religious Society ofReligious Society of
Friends aka QuakersFriends aka Quakers

53. Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies
► Limited education dueLimited education due
to agricultural baseto agricultural base

54. VirginiaVirginia
► House of Burgesses inHouse of Burgesses in
16191619
 First legislativeFirst legislative
assembly in theassembly in the
coloniescolonies
► Becomes royal colonyBecomes royal colony
in 1624in 1624

55. VirginiaVirginia
►BaconBacon’s Rebellion’s Rebellion
(1676)(1676)
 Inequities betweenInequities between
large landownerslarge landowners
and western farmersand western farmers

56. MarylandMaryland
► Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore
establishes colony forestablishes colony for
CatholicsCatholics
► Act of TolerationAct of Toleration
(1649)(1649)
 Toleration of allToleration of all
Christian sectsChristian sects

57. CarolinasCarolinas
►North CarolinaNorth Carolina
 Tobacco plantationsTobacco plantations
 Well-established autonomyWell-established autonomy
►South CarolinaSouth Carolina
 Rice plantationsRice plantations
 Became heavily dependent on slaveryBecame heavily dependent on slavery

58. GeorgiaGeorgia
► James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe
establishes in 1732establishes in 1732
 Social experimentSocial experiment
► Defensive buffer toDefensive buffer to
Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida
► Debtors colonyDebtors colony

59. Colonial Religion

60. Colonial Politics

61. Typical Colony LayoutTypical Colony Layout

62. Colonial Culture - Education and
Information
► Learning
 Prominent in New England colonies
 Education limited to wealthy males; females
learned domestic chores
► Newspapers
 Limited content on weekly basis

63. ImmigrationImmigration
► 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5250,000 in 1701 to 2.5
million in 1775million in 1775
► Europeans and AfricansEuropeans and Africans
along with a high birthalong with a high birth
raterate
► Reasons: religion;Reasons: religion;
economics; politicaleconomics; political
turmoilturmoil

64. ImmigrationImmigration
► English, GermansEnglish, Germans
(Pennsylvania Dutch),(Pennsylvania Dutch),
Scottish, Irish, Dutch,Scottish, Irish, Dutch,
SwedishSwedish  OLDOLD
IMMIGRANTSIMMIGRANTS
► Africans forced toAfricans forced to
America; sufferedAmerica; suffered
discrimination and slavediscrimination and slave
laborlabor

65. SlaverySlavery
►Indentured servitudeIndentured servitude
►Labor shortages lead to importing slavesLabor shortages lead to importing slaves
►Cheap laborCheap labor

66. Slave DemographicsSlave Demographics

67. Mercantilism and Triangle TradeMercantilism and Triangle Trade
► Colonies for theColonies for the
Mother CountryMother Country
► Acts of NavigationActs of Navigation
 Trade on EnglishTrade on English
shipsships
 Imports pass EnglishImports pass English
portsports
 Exports to EnglandExports to England
► Triangular TradeTriangular Trade
 Middle PassageMiddle Passage

68. Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics
► Land wasLand was “gold”“gold”
► No established monetary system (gold and silver)No established monetary system (gold and silver)
► TransportationTransportation
 Rivers and coastsRivers and coasts
 Horse and carriage led to taverns and postal servicesHorse and carriage led to taverns and postal services

69. Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics
► New EnglandNew England
 Limited land led to shipbuilding, fishing, tradingLimited land led to shipbuilding, fishing, trading
► Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies
 Wheat and corn fields; manufacturing and tradeWheat and corn fields; manufacturing and trade
► Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies
 Tobacco, rice, indigo plantations based on forced laborTobacco, rice, indigo plantations based on forced labor

71. PUROPOSE DATE FOUNDER MAJOR
EXPORT
VIRGINIA commercial 1607 Virginia Company
John Smith
Tobacco
PLYMOUTH/
MASSACHUSETTS
Religious refuge/
commercial
1620/
1628
William Bradford/
Massachusetts Bay
Company
John Winthrop
Grain, timber
NEW YORK commercial 1613 (1664) Peter Stuveysant
(Duke of York)
Furs, grain
NEW HAMPSHIRE commercial 1623 John Mason Timber, naval stores
RHODE ISLAND Religious refuge 1636 Roger Williams Grain
CONNECTICUT expansion 1635 Thomas Hooker Grain
PENNSYLVANIA Religious refuge 1681 William Penn -
Quakers
Grain
DELAWARE commercial 1638 (1681) Peter Minuit/
William Penn
Grain
MARYLAND Religious refuge 1634 Lord Baltimore -
Catholics
Tobacco
NORTH CAROLINA commercial 1663 Anthony Cooper Tobacco, timber,
naval stores
SOUTH CAROLINA commercial 1663 Anthony Cooper Rice, indigo, naval
stores
GEORGIA Buffer, experiment 1733 James Oglethorpe Rice, timber, naval
stores
() - Becomes an English colony