The document discusses different types of conjunctions including coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. It provides examples of conjunctions that unite words, phrases, clauses, as well as conjunctions of time, reasons, and other conjunctions. Conjunctions can unite dependent and independent clauses, and coordinating conjunctions can be separated into two sentences while subordinating conjunctions cannot.

1. Conjunctions
Cansu SÜER

2. Coordinating Conjunctions
• Unites words, phrases and clauses.
or
nd
or
ut
r
et
o
-since/ because
-combines things
-combines untrue things
-expresses exceptions
-chooses between options
-to the contrary
-shows consequences
Coordinating
Conjunctions

3. Subordinating Conjunctions
• Unites dependent and independent clauses.
provides context stands on its own
He performed irresponsible experiences
Independent clause
because he was curious.
Dependent clause

4. Subordinating vs. Coordinating
• Coordinating conjunctions can be seperate in
2 sentences.
• However, subordinating conjunctions can not.
e.g. I want to go to the party, but I am so tired.
(can be seperated)
Although it rained, everyone had a good time.
(can not be seperated)

5. Subordinating Conjunctions
• After/before
• Although/even
though/Though
• As
• As if/as though/like
• Even if
• If/if only/whether
• Rather than
• Since/For
• Unless
• Until
• When
• Whereas
• While
• Where/wherever

6. Correlative Conjunctions

7. Conjunctions of Time
• After/before
- After arriving at the hotel, Mr. Lee went straight to the
reception desk.
- Before I go to bed, I always say a prayer for my parents'
good health.
• As/as long as
- The car will keep running as long as you take good care of it.
- He did not hear her soft breathing as she stood over him.

8. Conjunctions of Time
• As soon as
- As soon as I opened the my computer , I saw an error.
• Just as/just after/just before
- He arrived just as i was leaving home.
- My parents had got married just after the war.
- He left just before sunrise.
• Once
- I expect you to repay me once it's sold.

9. Conjunctions of Time
• Since/as/because
- As I was walking down the street I saw Tom driving a
Ferrari.
Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off.
• The next time/everytime/last time
- We just have to be ready next time we play them.
• By the time(+ usually followed by will have V3/will
be Ving) until/till
- My kids will already be eating by the time I get home.

10. Conjunctions of Reasons
• Since/as/when/whenever/while
- We've played better since you joined the team.
- You may leave whenever you wish.
- As everyone already knows each other, there’s no need
for introductions.
• On the grounds that (gerekçesiyle/temeline
dayanarak)
- The song was banned on the grounds that it might
increase racial tension.
• Inas much as (-e göre)
- Inasmuch as you are their commanding officer, you are
responsible for the behaviour of these men.

11. Conjunctions of Reasons
• Insofar as (kadarıyla)
- She had done her best to comfort him, best to
comfort him, insofar as she was able.
• Now that (-dığına göre)
- Kevin believes he's a more responsible person now
that he's a parent.
• Seeing that = seeing as
- There's not much we can do, seeing that they've
already made their decision.

12. Conjunctions of Reasons
• So that/ in order that
I’ll go by car so that I can take more luggage.
• For fear that/ Lest (-masın diye)
Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought
documents to attest to its truth.
• In that/in view that (of) (göz önüne alarak)/due
to/owing to/on account of/as a consequence
of/in view of/thanks to/by means of/instead of
In view of the fact that in any future world war, nuclear
weapons will certainly be employed.

13. Other Conjunctions
• Rather than + Ving/noun/bare infinitive (instead
of)
- He watched TV instead of/rather than doing his
homework.
- The problem is psychological rather than physical.
- Why didn’t you ask for help rather than try/trying to
do it on your own.
- Work through problems rather than avoid them.

14. Other Conjunctions
• Such as/like/as if/as though
- It felt like it could snow at any minute.
- The problem is psychological rather than physical.
• As if and as though followed by a non-finite clause or
a prepositional phrase:
- She moved her lips as if to smile.
- They were shouting as though in panic.

15. Other Conjunctions
• Contray to/Unlike/As opposed to (aksine)
- Contrary to popular belief, moderate exercise
actually decreases your appetite.
- Unlike most people in the office, I don’t come to
work by car.
- I'd say she is a good player, as opposed to a great
one.

16. Other Conjunctions
• Except for/apart from/aside from
- I've cleaned the house except for the bathroom.
• But for (olmasa/sayesinde)
- But for the wind, the fire wouldn't have spread at
such a fast speed.
• In the event of/in case of/concerning/with
respect to/in regard to/as regards/in terms of
- The two groups were similar with respect to income
and status.

17. Other Conjunctions
• Regardless of + Ving/noun
- All the children are lumped together in one
class, regardless of their ability.
• As of (itibaren/olarak)
- We won't be living here anymore as of tomorrow.
• As to/as for (-e gelince/ilgili olarak)
- The government does not dictate to private or
nongovernmental foundations as to who can qualify
for scholarships.

18. Other Conjunctions
• As well as/in addition to/besides/moreover/what is
more/furthermore/also
- What is more, despite all the problems, several of
the players had produced excellent individual
performances.
• Henceforth/hereafter/from now on
- She announced that henceforth she would be
running the company.
• Heretofore (so far/previoously)
- Heretofore I never had a reason to lose weight, but
with my upcoming wedding, now I do.

19. Other Conjunctions
• Therefore/consequently/for this reason/as a
result/as a consequence/that’s why/
accordingly/thus/hence/thereby
- Certain foods can increase nausea and thereby
increase vomiting.
- On the other hand/after all/above all/in
conclusion/to conclude/to sum up/in
brief/briefly/in summary/in short/on the whole/all
in all/at last/in the end/eventually/finally
- We both thought that all in all it might not be a bad
idea.

20. Other Conjunctions
• In fact/indeed/as a matter of fact/actually
• Similarly/likewise/in the same way
• Meanwhile/in the meantime/at the same time
• Otherwise/or else
• For instance/for example/To illustrate
• In other words/that is/that is to
say/namely/specifically
• Afterwards/later/next/subsequently
• In particular/particularly