The document discusses ways to agree or disagree with statements in English using short responses. It explains how to use "so", "neither", and "nor" to agree with positive or negative statements. It also covers the use of "too", "as well", and "also" and discusses the differences between them. Examples are provided to illustrate agreeing, comparing, disagreeing, and the use of "hardly" and "scarcely" in responses. Common errors involving the use of "none" and "both" are also addressed.

1. Short Answers
Cansu SÜER

2. Structure Positive Statements
so + auxiliary verb+ subject
• If someone says something positive and
we agree with them we can use so.
• I am excited about the party.
So am I.
• I wish it was Saturday.
So do I.

3. Structure Positive Statements
• We can also express that we have the
same idea with sb using «so» in place of
the previous statement.
- I think Fenerbahçe will win the match.
- I think so too.
- I don’t think so.

4. Structure Positive Statements
• We must also remember that the
verb in the statement needs to
agree with the verb in the response.
• I have got 3 sisters.
So has she.
• I enjoyed the concert.
So did I.

5. Too/as well/also
• "Too", "as well", and "also" have similar
meanings, but they are used in
different positions in a sentence.
- Jeff plays soccer. Greg plays soccer, too.
- Jeff plays soccer. Greg also plays soccer.
- Jeff plays soccer. Greg plays soccer as
well.

6. Too/as well/also
• Also cannot be used in short answers
or imperatives, however; we can use
as well and too in this way.
- Sarah is a self confident girl. Her
sister is (self confident) as well. (Her
sister is, too.)
- I met him yesterday. I did too. (I did
also)

7. • In informal speech, we can also use
“me too”.
- I am watching TV. Me too. (not as
formal as ‘so am I’ or ‘I am too’)
• When we use also at the beginning of
a sentence, it means ‘moreover’.
- The house is far from the city center;
also, it is too small for us.
Too/as well/also

8. • In a very formal style, we can
use too directly after the subject.
- I, too, have a very fast car.
• As well is more formal than too.
Too/as well/also

9. Structure Negative Statements
neither + auxiliary verb+ subject
• If someone says something
negative and we agree with them
we can use neither.
• I can’t swim.
Neither can I.

10. Agreeing
• so / neither / nor with an auxiliary to
show that people have something in
common (sth is the same about them).
• I'm looking forward to the picnic.'
'So am I.'
The statement is grammatically
positive, so we replay with so.

11. Nor or Neither?
(There is no difference in meaning.)
• 'I don't want to go.'
'Neither do I.'
'Nor do I.'

12. Nor or Neither?
• We use neither and nor +
auxiliary/modal verb + subject to
mean ‘also not’:
• A: I hate snakes. I can’t even look at a
picture of a snake.
• B: Neither can I.
• Not: I can’t also.

13. Not either
• We can use not … either to mean ‘also
not’, but we do not change the word
order of the auxiliary or modal verb
and subject:
A: I haven’t ever tasted caviar.
B: I haven’t either. (or Neither have
I./Nor have I.)

14. Not either
A: I didn’t see Lesley at the concert.
B: I didn’t either. (or Neither did I./Nor
did I.)
• In informal speaking, we often say me
neither:
A: I can’t smell anything.
B: Me neither. (or I can’t either.)

15. Comparing
- Tim wants to go and so does Janet.
- Mandy's not going on the trip
and neither is Sue.

16. Hardly/Scarcely
• Only Neither do I or Nor do I is
possible here because hardly/scarcely
has a negative meaning. It means
almost not at all. So if you wish to
agree with what is being said, you will
also need a negative adverb and
use neither or nor in response.

17. Hardly/Scarcely
• Note that scarcely has the same
negative meaning as hardly and that
either of them can be used here.
Compare the following:
• I can hardly / scarcely believe you're
twenty years old now.
~ Nor / Neither can I!

18. Hardly/Scarcely
• They're hardly / scarcely ever at
home.
~ Neither / Nor are we!
• He's dead now, but
I hardly / scarcely knew him.
~ Neither / Nor did I.

19. Hardly/Scarcely
• As an alternative to neither/nor you
can also use not either which has the
same meaning, but normal word
order:
• She had changed so much. I
could hardly /scarcely recognize her. ~ I
couldn't either.
• I've got hardly /scarcely any money left.
What about you? ~ I haven't either.

20. Disagreeing
• When you don’t have something in
common: If we want to make it clear
that we are different, other short
answers are used.
- I thought the film was quite boring.'
'Oh, I didn't. I really liked it.‘

21. Disagreeing
• The second speaker gives a short
answer with an auxiliary I didn't and a
short explanation.
• 'I don't like this music.'
'Really? I do. I like heavy metal.'

22. Typical Errors
• We use neither, not none, when we
are talking about two people or
things:
• Books and television are
different. Neither of them should
replace the other.
• Not: None of them …

23. Typical Errors
• We don’t normally use both (of) +
not to make a negative statement
about two people or things:
• Neither of these shirts is/are dry yet.
• Not: Both of these shirts aren’t dry
yet.
• Take care to spell neither correctly:
not ‘niether’ or ‘neighter’.

24. Sample Questions
• I can barely see the road in
front of me, ________ can
Hasan.
a) so
b) neither

25. Sample Questions
• I can barely see the road in
front of me, ________ can
Hasan.
a) so
b) neither
Cevap B

26. Sample Questions
• Nobody wanted to go home,
and to be honest, _______ did I.
a) so
b) neither

27. Sample Questions
• Nobody wanted to go home,
and to be honest, _______ did I.
a) so
b) Neither
Cevap B

28. Sample Questions
• Neighbours complained to the
police about dogs barking, and
________did my landlord.
a) so
b) neither

29. Sample Questions
• Neighbours complained to the
police about dogs barking, and
________did my landlord.
a) so
b) neither
Cevap A

30. Sample Questions
• Few people had expected
Labor’s Landslide victory in
England, and _______had I.
a) so
b) neither

31. Sample Questions
• Few people had expected
Labor’s Landslide victory in
England, and _______had I.
a) so
b) Neither
Cevap A