This document discusses various conjunctions in English and provides examples of how they are used. It defines conjunctions as words or phrases that join words or sentences. Then it examines several common conjunctions in more detail, including but, because, therefore/so, and, though/although, if not/otherwise/or else, unless, as/since, after, and before. For each one, it provides 1-4 example sentences and notes on their typical meaning and placement within sentences. The overall message is that understanding conjunctions is important for fluency in English and self-study is necessary to fully grasp their usage.

1. CONJUNCTION
Hansala
Indrachapa

3. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are the words or
phrases that join words or
sentences.

4. But Unless
Because If not / Otherwise/
or else
Therefore / So As / Since
And After
Though / Although Before

5. BUT

6. BUT1. I like to read books but I
don’t have enough
time.
2. She could pass the
exam but she can’t
enter the university.
3. I love her a lot but she
doesn’t love me.
BUT is used to say
something that
contrast with what
was said before.
Always used in
between two
sentences.
Two sentences can
be used in any form.

7. BECAUSE

8. Because1. We can’t believe him,
because he always tells
lies
2. She will pass the exam,
because she study hard.
3. He is sleepy because he
had to study whole last
night.
“Because” means for
the reason… you say
something first then
you say something else
that happen as a result
of what was said
earlier.
Places between two
sentences.
Any sentence can be
used.

9. THEREFORE
/ SO

10. Therefore /So1. Parents don’t like their affair
therefore/so , they are going
to stop their affair.
2. I have a terrible headache
therefore/so , I want to take
a pain killer.
3. There is a political meeting in
he city therefore/ so , we will
get late to come.
These are used t
say the logical
result of something
that has been said.
This also used in
between two
sentences

11. AND

12. AND1. I am eating rice and curry.
(object)
2. He and she went to the class
(subject)
3. I will eat and go class. (verbs)
4. She passed the exam and she
could enter to the university.
(sentences)
This is a special
conjunction.
“AND” connects
two subjects, two
verbs, two objects or
two sentences.

13. THOUGH
ALTHOUGH

14. Though
Although1. ALTHOUGH they are
poor, they don’t steal.
2. THOUGH she wasn’t
beautiful, I loved her.
3. ALTHOUG we learn
English, we don’t speak
in English.
These two has the
same meaning
These are usually
placed at the
beginning of the two
sentences.
It means “in spite
of the fact that” , “in
other words”, “but”

15. IF NOT
OTHERWISE
OR ELSE

16. If not /
Otherwise/ Or
else
1. You must get up now, or
else you will get late.
2. The exam papers were too
difficult, otherwise I could
get good results.
3. I am busy now if not
definitely I would have
come.
4. You had better study hard if
not you will fail the exam.
These three are
used to say what
would be the result if
something didn’t
happen ,
Most of the time
these are placed in
between two
sentences.

17. UNLESS

18. Unless
1. Unless they come class, they
won’t be able to pass the
exam.
2. Unless you study, you can’t
enter to the university.
3. Unless she advises them,
they won’t be good people.
This has a negative
feeling.
Unless can be used to
say that something can
happen or be true in a
particular situation.
Mostly it is used at the
beginning of the
sentence.

19. AS
Since

20. AS/ Since
1. AS you don’t come to
class, you will fail the
exam.
2. You will fail the exam as
you don’t come to class.
3. He can win the match
since he practiced well.
4. Since he practiced well he
can win the match.
These two are used
to talk about a
reason.
Means that action
happens for a kind of
reason.
They can be used
at the beginning or in
between.

21. AFTER

22. After
At a time later than something; when
something has finished
Is used to connect two sentences.
Used in two ways.

23. 01st method
WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS
After+subject+verb+object+subject+verb+object
 After I went to the class teacher blamed me
After I finish my studies, we can go out.
After father become a minister ,I can buy a lamborgini car.

24. 02nd method
WITH THE SAME SUBJECT
After +subject+verb+ object+subject+verb+object
AFTER we go school we should work hard
After+verb(ing)+object+subject+verb+ object
AFTER going school we should work hard

25. BEFORE

26. Before
Is used to say that something happens
before one other thing happens.
Is used to connect two sentences.
Used in two ways.

27. 01st method
Before +subject+verb+object+subject+verb+object
BEFORE I tell anything, she scolded me
Before she goes home we should greet her.
Before teacher tells you should not write.

28. 02nd methodWITH THE SAME SUBJECT
BEFORE +SUBJECT+VERB+OBJECT+SUBJECT+VERB+OBJECT
BEFORE we go to bed we should brush teeth
BEFORE+VERB(ING)+OBJECT+SUBJECT+VERB+ OBJECT
BEFORE going to bed we should brush teeth.
Before leaving the country I thought to meet my relations.
Before doing this you had better listen teacher’s opinion.

29. There are so many
conjunctions
SELF STUDY IS A MUST TO BE FUENT
IN ENGLISH.

30. Thank you
Hansala Indrachapa