This document discusses the experimental study of polynucleotide conformational properties. It provides an introduction to polynucleotides and their history. It describes the different types of polynucleotides including DNA forms B-DNA, A-DNA, Z-DNA and RNA forms including coding, non-coding, and their primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. The document also discusses techniques used to analyze polynucleotide conformations such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry.

1. Polynucleotide
Experimental study of conformational
properties
By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. synopsis
• Introduction
• History
• The conformation of nucleic acid
• Types of polynucleotide
DNA- types and conformation of DNA
B- DNA
A-DNA
Z-DNA
RNA – types and conformation of RNA
Coding DNA
Non coding DNA
structure of RNA
Primary structure of RNA
Secondary structure of RNA
Tertiary structure of RNA
• Analyzing techniques
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
• The polynucleotide are polymeric compound consisting of 15
or more nucleotide monomer covalently bound to gather in a
chain .
• in polynucleotide pentose sugar carbon 5’ and carbon 3’(-
OH) bind with phosphate These bond is also called
phosphodiaster bound
• The chain contributes more and more nucleotide and it is
become polypeptide

4. History
• The DNA was first discover I 1968 by Friedrich Miesgher he
isolated a compound from the nuclei of White blood cell.
• In 1953 Watson and Crick was discovered double stranded
model of DNA.
• Erwin Chargaff was done chemical analysis of base
composition of DNA

5. The components of nucleic acid

6. DNA and RNA components-

7. DNA

8. Types of polynucleotide-
• Right handed
• Diameter
• Sugar phosphate back
bone-
• Base
• Complementary base
pairing
• 10 base pair turn are
present
• Major and miner groove.
B-DNA

9. A-DNA
• Right handed
• the rise per base pair is 2.6 Ȧ
• Just like B –DNA, A-DNA
Also have major groove .

10. Z-DNA

12. RNA

13. Coding RNA
• m-RNA is coding RNA
that is involve in the
process of translation
in the cell.
• m RNA is also called
messenger RNA from
DNA to ribosome
which site of protein
synthesis.
Fig-Messenger RNA

14. Non coding RNA
• It have no coding RNAs
• some RNA involve in gene
regulation and RNA
Processing
• some RNA act as a catalytic
enzyme is called the
Ribozyme.

15. Structure of RNA

16. Secondary structure of RNA

17. Tertiary structure of RNA

18. Analyzing techniques
• X-ray crystallography is a method used for determining the
atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the
crystalline atoms cause a beam of X-rays to diffract into many
specific directions.
• By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted
beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional
picture of the density of electrons within the crystal.
X-ray diffraction

20. NMR

21. Spectrophotometric method
• The DNA and RNA are absorb light in the ultraviolet region at
260 nm.
• heating is use full method of absorbing of light .
• EtBr- DNA is often in amount too small to be detected by
direct spectroscopy In this case the florescent dye EtBr can be
used to amplify the absorption

22. References
Books
• principle of biochemistry-Nelson and Cox 5th edition
Net source-
• www/blc.Arizona.edu/molecular- trap
• http/en.m.wiki pedia.org/wiki/x-ray crystal.
• http/ namrata had.blogspot.in