The document contains information about different types of conditional sentences: - Real conditionals refer to present, past, and future conditions that can actually be fulfilled. They are divided into generic, habitual, inference, and future conditionals. - Unreal conditionals refer to imagined or hypothetical conditions and outcomes. They include hypothetical conditionals about possible future events and counterfactual conditionals about impossible past events. - There can be variations in form for unreal conditionals, and English language learners may have difficulties with conditional sentences. Teachers are suggested to use examples involving local culture, dreams, or hypothetical situations to help explain conditional sentences.

2. A – spell blind bird
 B – b-l-i-n-d-b-i-r-d
 A – Wrong. It’s b-l-n-d-b-r-d
 Why?
 You:………………………………
…………………..

4.  A – what would happen if I cut off your left
ear?
 B – I wouldn’t be able to hear.
 A – And what would happen if I cut off your
right ear?
 B – I wouldn’t be able to see.
 A – Why?
 You:
…………………………………………………….

5.  Because my glasses would have fallen off.

6. A - What’s a cannibal?
 B – I don’t know, sir.
 A – Well, if you ate you mother and
father, what would you be?
 B – An orphan, sir?

7.  Form
 Real conditionals
 a – generic conditionals
 b- habitual conditionals
 c- inference conditionals
 e - future conditionals
 Unreal conditionals
 a - hypothetical conditionals.
 c- counterfactual conditionals
 Variations in Form in Unreal Conditionals
 Problems that ESL/EFL students have with conditional
sentences.
 Suggested ideas to teach conditional sentences

8.  The most type of conditional sentences has two
clauses: a main clause and a subordinate clause
( with if or a similar word).
 E.g.
 If the weather is fresh tomorow, we will go to the beach.
 Condition Result

9.  Conditional sentences refer to present, past
and future. They are divided into two main
categories: real and unreal conditionals.

10.  Real conditionals are simply the conditionals
in which the condition and the result can be
fulfilled: real conditionals can be subdivided
into four categories:
 A- Generic Conditionals.
 B- Habitual Conditionals.
 C- Inference Conditionals.
 D- Future Conditionals.

11.  GC expresses a fact that appears to be a
scientific truth.
 Examples:
 If the gas is heated, it expands.
 If you cross an international date line, the
time changes.

12.  Expresse situations or events, in the present
or past, as being the the usual but not
inevitable result of a condition being met.
 Examples
 If I am in a bad mood, I visit my friends.
 If he had buiness in Agadir, he (usually)
stayed in a hotel. ( if in the two sentences can
be replaced by whenever).

13.  In inference conditionals, the proposition in
the result clause is inferred from the
proposition in the if-clause. Inference
conditionals say « if x, then y follows ».
 Consider these examples:
 1- If we can save the bald eagle from
extinction, we can certainly ensure the
survival of other endangered animals. ( we
infer our ability to save other species from
our ability to save the bald eagle).

14.  If Jane and Bill left before rush hour, they
probably had a quick trip home.
 Meaning:
 ( the inference here is about a past situation. The speaker is
inferring Jane and Bill’s quick trip home from the condition of
their having left before rush hour. If the conditional was
fulfilled, the result followed).
 If that’s call’s for me, it’s my wife.

15.  Future conditionals express predicted future
results of conditions, which are often, but not
necessarily, in the future. They have special uses.
 1 – Expressing future results:
 If you don’t leave now, you will miss the plane.
(plan)
 Also, different probabilities for the predicted
outcome can be expressed depending upon the
modal used in the result clause:
 Examples:
 A – If you start now, you should get there on time. ( good
probability)
 B- If you start now, you may get there on time. (possibility)
 C – If you start now, you might get there on time. ( weak
possibility)

16.  1 - Special uses:
 Expressing instructions, questions and
suggestions.
 Examples:
 If I’m late, don’t wait.
 If you should see him, tell him I want to talk to
him. (BE)
 If you see him, tell him I want to talk to him. ( AE)
 If he calls, what do I tell him?
 If you intend to do it, you ought to do it soon.
 If she agrees to our proposal, we should close the
deal. If she doesn’t, we should refuse to continue
negotiating.

19.  Unreal conditionals are conditionals in which the
proposition in the if-clause is an imagined
condition and the proposition in the result clause is
its imagined outcome.
 Like real conditionals, unreal conditonals can
express present, past and future time.
 There are two types of unreal conditionals:
 1- Hypothetical conditionals.
 2- Counterfactual conditionals.

20.  1- Hypothetical conditionals expresse speculations
about imagined possible events or states in the present
or future. They contrast with future conditionals, which
express future results of real plans or contingencies.
 Consider these examples:
 1a) If I found a wallet on the subway, I would return it to the
owner.
 1b) If you drove to the city on Monday, you would miss all the
weekend traffic.
 In the example (1a), the speaker imagined a hypothetical
situation that could happen in the future.
 In the example (1b), the speaker knows that the speaker he/she
is addressing is travelling to the city sometime in the future. This
utterance expresses a hypothetical plan for doing so that has the
advantage of avoiding weekend traffic.

21.  Hypothetical conditionals that comment or
speculate on present states are illustrated in these
examples:
 If you had the photographs with you, I could see my
grandson.
 If I knew Mohamed’s phone number, we could call
him.
 If I understood this chapter, I would explain it to you

22.  Many counterfactual conditionals about the past events that
did not obtain:
 Example
 If I have seen you at the mall, I would have said hello.
 If you had locked the side door before we left for the
movie, the burglar would not have gotten in.
 Counterfactual conditionals can also express speculations
about impossible states or situations in the present.
 Example
 If I were a president, I would build more universities in
Agadir.

23.  Substutions of would have+ past partciple for the past perfect.
 E.g. If I would’ve had a little more time, I would’ve told him
about it.
 If it would’ve been a real fight, the refree would’ve
stopped it.
 This change is becoming extremely common in spoken
American English.
 Ellipsis of If and Subject-Aux inversion.
 Ellipsis of if is possible in hypothetical and counterfactual
conditional sentences.
 e.g. If I had known you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
 Had I known you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.
 e. g. If I were in your position, I wouldn’t say anything.
 Were I in your position, I wouldn’t say anything.

28.  1 - Using local cutlure about superstitions:
 E.g. If your ears ring, somebody is talking about you.
 2 - Using dream information ( Let’s Talk)
 E.g. If you dream about frogs, it means that you are looking for your true
love.
 If you dream about your grandparents, it means that you want advice
about something.
 3 – you may give Ss if-statement and ask them to think about the result.
 e.g. If I won a lottery, I
…………………………………………………………................

29. Thank You