Conditional sentences consist of an 'if' clause and a main clause, which can be structured in various ways to convey different meanings and times. There are four main types: zero, first, second, and third conditionals, used for stating facts, predicting future events, discussing hypothetical situations, and reflecting on past scenarios, respectively. The document includes examples and additional practice exercises for better understanding of these grammatical structures.

2. Conditional sentences have two parts: an if clause and a main clause.
The if clause can come either first or second. When the if clause is first,
the two clauses are separated by a comma. If normally means "on the
condition that.”
If I see him, I'll give him the message.
I'll give him the message if I see him.
There are 4 types of conditionals:
Type 2: If I went, I wouldn’t speak to him.
Type 1: If I see her, I’ll give her a message.
Type 3: If it had rained, I would have taken an
umbrella.
Type 0: If the ice melts, it becomes water.

3. FORM:
USES:
EXAMPLES:
IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE, SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE.
SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE + IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE.
• When the result is always true.
• Scientific Facts.
If you heat ice, it melts
If I miss this buss I am late for work.
We can also use when instead of if

4. FORM:
USES:
EXAMPLES:
IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE, SUBJECT + WILL / WON’T + VERB.
SUBJECT + WILL / WON’T + VERB + IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE.
* Predict what will happen given certain other facts.
* We use it for things that will probably happen in the real future or for
predictions.
If you study hard, you’ll pass your exams.
If it rains, there’ll be a lot of traffic.
Sometimes, we use shall, can,
or may instead of will.

5. 1. If you ________ (not study), you ________ (fail) the test.
2. We ________ (die) if we________ (not get) help soon!
3. If you ________ (look) in the fridge, you ________ (find) some cold drinks.
4. If there ________ (be) no oil in the engine, the car ________ (break) down.
5. I ________ (lend) you my umbrella if you ________ (not need) it.
6. The sea level ________ (rise) if the planet ________ (get) hotter.
7. If you ________ (eat) your sandwiches now, you ________ (not have) anything for lunch!
8. You________ (be) safe in an accident if you ________ (wear) your seatbelt.
9. If he ________ (save) all his money, he ________ (be able to go) on Holiday.
10. I ________ (not come) with you if you ________ (not bring) John!

6. FORM:
USES:
EXAMPLES:
IF + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE, SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + VERB.
* To predict what would happen given an improbable or hypothetical
situation.
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
If we didn't have to work today, we could have a picnic.
SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + VERB + IF + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE.
Sometimes, we use should,
could or might instead of would

7. 1. What ________ (do/you) if you ________ (win) the lottery?
2. If I ________ (have) a better coat, I ________ (not feel) so cold.
3. If the weather ________ (be) worse, we ________ (not go) to the mountains.
4. Martha ________ (be) very angry if you ________ (kiss) her boyfriend.
5. He ________ (feel) better if he ________ (not smoke).
6. If Manuel ________ (leave) my sister, she ________ (be) very sad.
7. We ________ (stay) in a nice hotel if we ________ (have) more money.
8. If I ________ (not be) shy, I ________ (ask) him out.
9. If Clara ________ (study) more, she ________ (be) an architect.
10. They ________ (meet) her if she ________ (come) to the party.

8. FORM:
USES:
EXAMPLES:
IF + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT, SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE..
* It refers to past time – to things that cannot now be changed.
if it hadn’t been sunny, I wouldn’t have got sunburnt.
(was it sunny? Yes) (Did I get sunburnt? Yes)
SUBJECT + WOULD / WOULDN’T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + IF + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT.
Notice than in speech the third conditional is nearly always
contracted.
If I’d see him, I’d have said hello.
Sometimes, we use should
have, could have, might
have instead of would have.

9. 1) If you ________ (not/be) late, we ________ (not/miss) the bus.
2) If she ________ (study) she ________ (pass) the exam.
3) If we ________ (arrive) earlier, we ________ (see) John.
4) If they ________ (go) to bed early, they ________ (not/wake) up late.
5) If he ________ (become) a musician, he ________ (record) a CD.
6) If she ________ (go) to art school, ________ (become) a painter.
7) If I ________ (be) born in a different country, I ________ (learn) to speak a different language.
8) If she ________ (go) to university, she ________ (study) French.
9) If we ________ (not/go) to the party, we ________ (not/meet) them.
10) If he ________ (not/take) the job, he ________ (go) travelling.

10. • Zero and First Conditional
• Second and Third Conditional

11. Type 2: If I went, I wouldn’t speak to him.
Type 1: If I see her, I’ll give her a message.
Type 3: If it had rained, I would have taken an umbrella.
• It refers to past time – to things that cannot now
be changed.
* To predict what would happen given an improbable or hypothetical
situation.
* Predict what will happen given certain other facts.
* We use it for things that will probably happen in the real future or
for predictions.
Posibility Conditional Time
100% Zero Any
50% First Future
10% Second Future
0% Third Past

12. 1. That was a bad decision. If I ________ (be) you, I would change it as soon as possible.
2. Sunshine - at last! Imagine if the English weather was like this all the time. ________ (it/not/be)
wonderful?
3. He's usually pleasant, but when he's tired he ________ (be) pretty short-tempered. That's the way
he is.
4. If you ________ (not/be) so stubborn you would find it a lot easier to keep your friends.
5. Sorry I didn't call you and tell you I wasn't coming. I would have called you if I ________ (have) your
number with me.
6. He says that if he ________ (not/be) so busy he would go with you to the movie tomorrow. As it is,
he simply has too much work to do.
7. We ________ (miss) the bus unless you hurry.
8. If only I ________ (have) more free time. All the things I would do. All I ever do is work.

13. • 25 Mixed Conditionals
First Conditional Second Conditional
Third Conditional Mixed Conditional
• Perfect English Grammar.
• Perfect English Grammar.
• Perfect English Grammar.
• English Exercises • English Exercises
• English Exercises. • English Exercises.