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Conditional Sentences Structure : A conditional sentence is composed of  2 parts  : If-clause  + Main Clause Example : If it rains tomorrow, we will not come. If-clause Main Clause
Conditional Sentences Types : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditional Sentences Type 0 : Use : Talk about universal truth. Tense : Present tense  in both clauses Example : If you  heat  water to 100 °C, it  boils . Present Tense Present Tense If you  pour  oil into water, it  floats .
Conditional Sentences Type 1 Use : Talk about a present or future  probable  case. Tense : If-clause ~  Present Tense Main Clause ~  Future Tense Example : If I  feel  sick, I  will not go  to school. Present Tense Future Tense If it  rains  tomorrow, the match  will be cancelled .
Exercise One ,[object Object],[object Object],do not come will miss ,[object Object],[object Object],will buy gets ,[object Object],[object Object],gets eats
Conditional Sentences Type 2 (Present Subjunctive) Use : Talk about a present or future  improbable  case.  (A case that is  unlikely to happen ) Tense : If-clause ~  Past Tense Main Clause ~  would + an infinitive Example : If he  were  a bird, he  would fly  across the harbour. Past Tense Would + infinitive If I  had  $200,000 now, I  would buy  a car.
Conditional Sentences Type 3 (Past Subjunctive) Use : Talk about a  past, impossible  case  Tense : If-clause ~  Past Perfect Tense Main Clause ~  Would + Present Perfect Form Example : If I  had had  enough money, I  would have bought  the camera yesterday. Past Perfect Tense Would + Present Perfect Form If I  had come  home earlier, I  would not have   missed  the programme.
Exercise Two ,[object Object],[object Object],were would learn ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],had not failed would have bought 3.  We ________________________ (finish) if we  ________________ (have) better preparation. would have finished had had
Conditional Sentences Variations: Type 1 : If  you see John, ask him to come and see me. Should  you see John, ask him to come and see me. SHOULD may replace IF in type 1 Type 2 : If  I were an aeroplane, I  could  fly in the sky. Were  I an aeroplane, I  could  fly in the sky. COULD or MIGHT may replace WOULD WERE may replace IF in an inversion
Conditional Sentences Type 3 : If  I had come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme. Had  I come home earlier, I would not have missed  the programme. HAD may replace IF in an inversion
Conditional Sentences Type 2 & Type 3 : If it were not for  the rain, we would go to Shatin.  (Type 2) But for  the rain, we would go to Shatin.  But for+ a noun may replace `If it were not for’ If it had not been for  the traffic jam, we would have arrived on time.  (Type 3) But for  the traffic jam, we would have arrived on time. But for + a noun may replace `If it had not been for’
The Subjunctive Mood Other sentences than the conditional may bear the subjunctive mood. a.  Wish (v) I  wish  I  were  a king.  (But I am not!) I  wish  she  had left  last night. (But she didn’t!) Type 2 Type 3 * Non-subjunctive use of wish ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Subjunctive Mood b.  If only If only  I  were  you! If only  he  were  born in the USA! (He was  not  born in USA) If only  she  had left  last night! (She did  not  leave last night) Type 2 Type 2 Type 3
The Subjunctive Mood b.  Would rather I  would rather  you  came  earlier. (But you come late.)  Type 2 I  would rather  he  had told  me the secret. (But he didn’t.) Type 3 * Non-subjunctive use of would rather A : Do you want to go fishing today? B : I  would rather stay  at home and  take  some rest. (B prefers staying at home to going fishing)
The Subjunctive Mood d.  Lest (Conjunction) He put the money in the safe  lest  someone  should / might steal  it. e.  It is (high) time ,[object Object],(You  have not studied  hard.  Now the examination is near, so you have to study very hard.) Past Tense ,[object Object],(non-subjunctive)
END

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Conditional Sentences + If

  • 1. Conditional Sentences Structure : A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts : If-clause + Main Clause Example : If it rains tomorrow, we will not come. If-clause Main Clause
  • 2.
  • 3. Conditional Sentences Type 0 : Use : Talk about universal truth. Tense : Present tense in both clauses Example : If you heat water to 100 °C, it boils . Present Tense Present Tense If you pour oil into water, it floats .
  • 4. Conditional Sentences Type 1 Use : Talk about a present or future probable case. Tense : If-clause ~ Present Tense Main Clause ~ Future Tense Example : If I feel sick, I will not go to school. Present Tense Future Tense If it rains tomorrow, the match will be cancelled .
  • 5.
  • 6. Conditional Sentences Type 2 (Present Subjunctive) Use : Talk about a present or future improbable case. (A case that is unlikely to happen ) Tense : If-clause ~ Past Tense Main Clause ~ would + an infinitive Example : If he were a bird, he would fly across the harbour. Past Tense Would + infinitive If I had $200,000 now, I would buy a car.
  • 7. Conditional Sentences Type 3 (Past Subjunctive) Use : Talk about a past, impossible case Tense : If-clause ~ Past Perfect Tense Main Clause ~ Would + Present Perfect Form Example : If I had had enough money, I would have bought the camera yesterday. Past Perfect Tense Would + Present Perfect Form If I had come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme.
  • 8.
  • 9. Conditional Sentences Variations: Type 1 : If you see John, ask him to come and see me. Should you see John, ask him to come and see me. SHOULD may replace IF in type 1 Type 2 : If I were an aeroplane, I could fly in the sky. Were I an aeroplane, I could fly in the sky. COULD or MIGHT may replace WOULD WERE may replace IF in an inversion
  • 10. Conditional Sentences Type 3 : If I had come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme. Had I come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme. HAD may replace IF in an inversion
  • 11. Conditional Sentences Type 2 & Type 3 : If it were not for the rain, we would go to Shatin. (Type 2) But for the rain, we would go to Shatin. But for+ a noun may replace `If it were not for’ If it had not been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived on time. (Type 3) But for the traffic jam, we would have arrived on time. But for + a noun may replace `If it had not been for’
  • 12.
  • 13. The Subjunctive Mood b. If only If only I were you! If only he were born in the USA! (He was not born in USA) If only she had left last night! (She did not leave last night) Type 2 Type 2 Type 3
  • 14. The Subjunctive Mood b. Would rather I would rather you came earlier. (But you come late.) Type 2 I would rather he had told me the secret. (But he didn’t.) Type 3 * Non-subjunctive use of would rather A : Do you want to go fishing today? B : I would rather stay at home and take some rest. (B prefers staying at home to going fishing)
  • 15.
  • 16. END