3. What is condition ?
Condition is a situation that must
exist in order for something else to
happen.
4. Conditionals are divided into five
types. These are:
• Type 0
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
• Mixed Type
5. TYPE 0
Cause and Effect - Habitual results -
Advice/Commands
This type of conditional sentences are used
when talking about general truths, habitual
results, cause and effects, advice or
commands.
6. 'IF' CLAUSE
If + simple present
If you heat ice
If it rains
MAIN CLAUSE
simple present
it melts.
you get wet
7. Examples:
If you heat water , it boils.
________
If you go round the world , you return to the
same point.
_______
____ _________
If you heat the metal , it expands.
_______ ____________
Don’t wait for me if I am late this evening.
_______ _____
8. TYPE 1
Truths in the Present or Future
In these sentences, the time is the present
or future and the situation is real. They
refer to a possible condition and its
probable result. They are based on facts,
and they are used to make statements about
the real world, and about particular
situations
10. If I study, I will pass the exams.
If you see John tonight, tell him to e-mail me.
If Ben gets up early he can catch the bus.
11. Examples:
Truth = It may rain . If so , we will eat inside.
Cond. Sentence = If it rains we will eat inside.
Truth = The cat might die . In that case , Arda
will be upset.
Cond. Sentence = If the cat dies , Arda will
be upset.
12. Truth = Why don"t you ask for a pay rise ?
You"ll probably get one.
Cond. Sentence = If you ask for a pay rise , you
will probably get one.
Truth = The office may be closed . In that case ,
we won"t be able to get in.
Cond. Sentence = If the office is closed we won’t
be able to get in.
13. TYPE 2
Unreal Present or Future
In these sentences, the time is now or any
time, and the situation is unreal. They are not
based on fact, and they refer to an unlikely or
hypothetical condition and its probable
result. The use of the past tense after 'if'
indicates unreality. We can nearly always add
a phrase starting with "but", that expresses the
real situation.
14. If + Simple PAST, Modal + V1
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
If I had enough money, I would lend you some.
15. Examples:
Truth= I am not rich , so I can not buy a Ferrari.
Cond. Sentence= If I were rich , I would buy a
Ferrari.
16. Truth= She is so shy ; That is why she doesn’t
enjoy parties.
Cond. Sentence= If she weren’t so shy , she
would enjoy parties.
17. Truth= We don’t have a central heating
system , so the house is rather cold.
Cond. Sentence= If we had central heating , the
house wouldn’t be cold.
Truth= Because I cannot drive , I cannot take
the car.
Cond. Sentence= If I could drive , I could take
the car.
18. Type 3
Untrue in the past
In these sentences, the time is past, and the
situation is contrary to reality. The facts they
are based on are the opposite of what is
expressed, and they refer to an unreal past
condition and its probable past result.
19. If clause main clause
Past Perfect
would + have + past
participle
or
could + have + past
participle
or
might + have + past
participle
20. If I had studied, I would have passed the exams
If I had studied, I could have passed the exams
If I had studied, I might have passed the exams
21. Truth : She didn’t study hard enough ,so she
didn’t pass the test.
Cond. Sentence: If she had studied hard
enough, she would have passed the test.
Examples
22. Truth : I drove so fast , so I had an
accident.
Cond. Sentence: If I hadn"t driven so fast,
I wouldn’t have had an accident.
23. Mixed type
It is possible for the two parts of a
conditional sentence to refer to different
times, and the resulting sentence is a "mixed
conditional" sentence. There are two types
of mixed conditional sentence:
24. Present result of past condition:
The tense in the if clause is the past
perfect,and the tense in the main clause is
the present conditional
25. If I had worked harder
at school
I would have a better
job now.
'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + past perfect Present conditional
26. In these sentences, the time is past in the
if' clause, and present in the main clause.
They refer to an unreal past condition and
its probable result in the present. They
express a situation which is contrary to
reality both in the past and in the present
27. I would be a millionaire now if I had taken
that job.
(reality: I am not a millionare now)
If you'd caught that plane you'd be dead now.
(you didn’t catch the plane so you are alive)
28. The tense in the If-clause is the simple past,
and the tense in the main clause is the
perfect conditional
Past result of present or continuing
condition.
29. 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + simple past Perfect conditional
If I wasn't afraid
of spiders
I would have picked it
up
If we didn't trust him we would have sacked
him months ago
30. In these sentences the time in the If-clause
is now or always, and the time in the main
clause is before now. They refer to an
unreal present situation and its probable
(but unreal) past result
31. ‘If I wasn't afraid of spiders' is contrary to
present reality- I am afraid of spiders, and
'I would have picked it up' is contrary to past
reality - I didn't pick it up.
32. 'If we didn't trust him' is contrary to present
reality - we do trust him, and 'we would have
sacked him' is contrary to past reality - we
haven't sacked him.
35. Q1 - If I drink tea in the morning, it makes me
feel sick.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b)First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
36. Q2 - I'll tell her if she comes.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
37. Q3 - I'd have helped had I been there.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b)First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
38. Q4 - If he's there, could you tell him that I
really need to speak to him.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
39. Q5 - If I were you, I'd buy it as soon as possible.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
40. Q6 - If I had the time, I'd help you.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
41. Q7 - I would have handled things differently if
I'd been in charge.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
42. Q8 - Water boils if you heat it to a hundred
degrees celsius.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
43. Q9 - If she'd tried harder, she might have
succeeded.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
44. Q10 - If you work hard enough, you may well
pass.
(a) Zero Conditional
(b) First Conditional
(c) Second Conditional
(d) Third Conditional
(e) Mixed Conditional
45. Find The Correct Answer
Find the best suitable choice for
each sentence. Be careful about
the tense!
46. Q1 - If I see her this afternoon, I ____ her to call
you.
(a) tell
(b) will tell
Q2 - If he could, do you think he ____ help you?
(a) will
(b) would
47. Q3 - If he has taken it, what ____ we do?
(a) can
(b) could
Q4 - If she had been there, what ____ ?
(a) would you do
(b) would you have done
48. Q5 - If it's OK by you, I ____ early today.
(a) leave
(b) will leave
(c) am leaving
Q6 - If he _____, what shall I do?
(a) comes
(b) come
49. Q7 - If you ____ there, what would you have
done?
(a) were
(b) was
(c) had been
Q8 - If he can, do you think he ____ help us?
(a) will
(b) would
50. Q9 - If she doesn't come, _____ you be annoyed?
(a) will
(b) would
Q10 - What _____ if I pressed this button?
(a) will happen
(b) would happen
52. 1) If I win the lottery, I ......... buy you a very
big car as a present.
(a) should
(b) will
(c) am
53. 2)......... I bought you a new car, would you be
very happy?
(a) When
(b) If
(c) As
54. 3)If you ......... got that job, would you have
been able to move to a new house?
(a) have
(b) had
(c) will have
55. 4) Would want very much to move to a new
house if I ......... that job.
(a) have
(b) having
(c) had
56. 5)Will you come to dinner with us if we
......... a babysitter for you?
(a) had found
(b) will find
(c) find
57. 6) I will try very hard to come and have
dinner at your house if I ......... able to.
(a) am
(b) was
(c) were
58. 7)If I ......... you, I would work very hard so
that I could earn more money.
(a) am
(b) were
(c) are
59. 8)......... you able to lend me some money if I
promise you that you will get it back very
soon?
(a) Are
(b) Was
(c) Were
60. 9) If you really want to be helpful, then you
......... to tell me the truth.
(a) have
(b) had
(c) will have
61. 10) If I ......... very hard, I would have been
able to stop smoking.
(a) try
(b) would have tried
(c) had tried
62. The Cat and the Mouse
Once upon a time there lived a cat and
a mouse. One fine day, the cat bit
the mouse's tail off. "Give me back my
tail," said the mouse.
And the cat said, "Well, I (give)
_____________________1 you back
your tail if you fetched me some milk.
But that's impossible to do for a little
mouse like you."
would give
‘RIP’
63. The mouse, however, went to the cow.
"The cat (give / only) __________
__________2 me back my tail if I fetch her
some milk."
And the cow said, "Well, I would give you
some milk if you (get) ________________3
me some
hay. But that's impossible to do for a little
mouse like you."
will only give
got
64. "The cat will only give me back my tail if the cow
(give) ________________________________4
me some milk. And the cow (only / give)
_________________________________5 me milk if I
get her some hay."
And the farmer said, "Well, I would give you some
hay if you (bring) _____________6 me some
meat. But that's impossible to do for a little mouse
like you."
gives
will only give
brought
65. The mouse, however, went to the butcher.
"The cat will only give me back my tail if the cow
(give) __________________________7 me some
milk. And the cow will only give me milk if she (get)
_____________________8 some hay. And
the farmer (only / give) ___________________9 me
hay if I bring him some meat."
And the butcher said, "Well, I would give you some
meat if you (make) ___________________10
the baker bake me a bread. But that's impossible to
do for a little mouse like you."
The mouse, however, went to the baker.
will only give
gets
gives
made
66. "The cat (give / only) ___________________
_________________11 me back my tail if I fetch her
some milk. And the cow (give / not)
_______________________________12 me milk if I
don't bring
her hay. And the farmer will only give me hay if
butcher (have) ______________13 some meat for
him. And the butcher will not give me meat if you
(bake / not) ______________________14 him a
bread."
will only
will not give
has
do not bake
give
67. And the baker said, "Well, I (give)
________________________15 you some bread if you
promise
never to steal my corn or meal."
The mouse promised not to steal, and so the baker
gave the mouse bread, the mouse gave the
butcher bread. The butcher gave the mouse meat, the
mouse gave the farmer meat. The farmer
gave the mouse hay, the mouse gave the cow hay. The
cow gave the mouse milk, the mouse gave
the cat milk. And the cat gave the mouse her tail
back.
will give
68. But imagine what would have happened
otherwise:
If the mouse (promised / not)
_______________________16 never to steal corn or
meal, the baker
(not/give) _____________________________17 the
mouse bread.
If the baker (not / give)
__________________________________18 the
mouse bread, the butcher
(not /leave) _____________________________19
her any meat for the farmer.
had not promised
would not have given
had not given
would not have left
69. If the butcher (not / leave)
___________________________________20 her
any meat, the farmer
(not / be)
________________________________21 willing
to give the mouse hay.
If the farmer (not / be)
________________________________22 willing
to give the mouse hay,
had not left
would not have been
had not been
70. The mouse (not / fetch)
________________________________23 milk from the
cow.
If the mouse (not / fetch)
______________________________________24 milk
from the cow, she
(not / get) ________________________________25
back her tail.
- The End -
would not have fetched
had not fetched
would not have got
