Computer network
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This document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes how George Stibitz created the first network in 1940 by connecting computers via teleprinter. The ARPANET, created in 1965, was one of the first wide area networks connecting multiple universities. The introduction of Ethernet in 1973 helped develop what later became the Internet. The document also defines different types of networks including personal area networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and metropolitan area networks. It explains protocols like TCP, IP, DNS, and HTTP as well as network layers and encapsulation. Various network hardware such as gateways, routers, switches, and modems are also outlined.
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definition,its components,advantages,Disadvantages,switching techniques,network architectures, and Types of Networks.
If you are interested in computer networking and more topics related to computers.
Must watch my youtube channel TECHISEASY
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- 1. Departments of Computer Computer Fundamentals Science and Engineering Section E Computer Networks
- 2. Computer network A network is a collection of computers that communicate with one another over a shared network. With a computer network people can share files devices and connect with each other. George stibitz used a teleprinter system to send information one computer to other in 1940. In 1965, Thomas Marill and Lawrence Roberts created first wide area network some universities used later called ARPANET with a speed of 50kbit/circuits. in 1973 distributed packet switching for computer network or Ethernet was introduced which later known as internet.
- 3. NETWORK COMPONENTS Examples of some networks: o ISP (internet service provider) o Wi-Fi (802.11) o Bluetooth o Mobile/cellular (2g,3g,4g)
- 4. TYPES OF NETWORK PAN PAN is used for computers within short range. the range goes for 10 meters. Bluetooth,PDA are example of PAN. LAN LANs are usually refers to a building or campus. it can be small but often used by hundreds of people. WAN WAN combines multiple LANs. WANs can be as simple as a modem or be complex like hundreds of branch offices globally. Internet and intranet are two WANs. MAN This type network refers to network of computers in a city. VPN VPN is private network that uses tunneling to transfer data securely to remote server. By dialing an ISP or connecting directly to internet one can establish a VPN.
- 5. PROTOCOLS AND LAYERS Protocols and layering is the main structuring method used to divide up network functionality. A set of protocols called protocol stack. DNS TCP HTTP IP Encapsulation is a mechanism used for protocol layering. Each layer has its own bit and they encrypt and decrypt messages for particular purpose.
- 6. PROTOCOLS AND LAYERS They follow the protocol graph automatically to which layer it should go also called de- multiplexing. OSI reference model is framework for networking. It was a 7layer model but now it omits some layer and uses IP as network layer. link- sends frames over a link internet- sends packet over multiple links transport- provide end-to-end data delivery application- programs that use network service
- 7. PROTOCOLS AND LAYERS TCP/IP TCP stands for Transmission Transfer Protocol and IP is Internet Protocol. TCP TCP is a temporary set up between nodes processing the packets. The packets and information from server/host through IP layer and goes to TCP layer. It is a reliable protocol. IP It is a routing function that enables networking and set up internet. The IP address is a part of IP protocol. IP address represents each node of 32bit number. It is divided into four values where each value consists of four bytes.
- 8. NETWORK HARDWARE Five piece of a unique connection Protocol (TCP/UDP) Server IP address Server socket port number User IP address User socket port number Networking devices Gateway: this device interfaces with other networks of different protocols. Router: it works as a network point which forwards data packet and sends to its ultimate destination. Switch: like a hub it splits the network traffic and sends it to different destinations. Bridges: bridges connects network segments near data link layer. Modem: it is a device that adjust an analog signal to digital. It also decodes transmitting information like a computer communicating other computer.
- 9. Conclusion Computer network in an important part of the internet and for communicating in the world over computer. So, understanding computer network and its mechanism is very important for all specially for the people who works around it. Also, the knowledge of network can be a great asset for understanding hacking and how to defend ourselves from it.
- 10. Presented by Samiul Ehsan(131-15-2200) “But they are useless. They can only give you answers” Pablo Picasso