- Maulik R. Shah is a consultant biomedical engineer, medical equipment planner, and hospital project consultant based in India. He has degrees in biomedical engineering and healthcare administration.
- The document discusses the five generations of computed tomography (CT) scanners since 1970 and how each generation improved scan time and image quality/resolution. First generation scanners took 5 minutes for a single slice while current scanners can acquire a full scan in under 1 second.
Computed Tomography and Spiral Computed Tomography JAMES JACKY
1. Computed Tomography / Spiral Computed Tomography
2. Clinical and Principle Operation of Computed Tomography
3. Law and Regulation in Malaysia
4. Radiation Dose
this slide sharer contents are basic principle of CT fluoroscopy , software and hardware parts of equipment and image aqua cation and radiation dose comparison and videos related to equipment .
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
Computed Tomography and Spiral Computed Tomography JAMES JACKY
1. Computed Tomography / Spiral Computed Tomography
2. Clinical and Principle Operation of Computed Tomography
3. Law and Regulation in Malaysia
4. Radiation Dose
this slide sharer contents are basic principle of CT fluoroscopy , software and hardware parts of equipment and image aqua cation and radiation dose comparison and videos related to equipment .
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
Basic physics of multidetector computed tomography ( CT Scan) - how ct scan works, different generations of ct, how image is generated and displayed and image artifacts related to CT Scan.
This talk delvers an hour-long overview of MR physics focusing on multiple topics at an introductory level, proceeds to provide tools that are open source based, for MR enthusiasts and beginners
generations of CT, explains each generations of CT, muti detector computer tomography, slip ring technology, main terminologies such as FOV , pitch, voxel and matrix, pixel size equation. EBCT, Basic configuration of CT, Data acquisition systems DAS, multi-slice CT
principle of ct scanner
generations
scanning motion
EMI unit
xray beam
x ray tube
advantages
disadvantages
in this you PPT got clear idea about generation of ct
if you have any doubt text me
insta ID - ___sadham_____
its about the CT scan and generations in the form of PPT explaining each of first generation , second generation, third generation, fourth generation, fith generation and sith generation
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
1. Maulik R. Shah
B. E. (Inst & Control Engg.)
M. S. (Biomed Engg., USA)
PGDHA (Apollo Hospital)
Consultant Biomedical Engineer
Medical Equipment Planner
Hospital Project Consultant
Mobile : 9824019971
Email : mailtomaulik@gmail.com
www.atozforhospital.com
4. Tomo = image // to long axis of the body
CT = image is transverse to the body
5. Basic C T Principles
• Computed
Tomography has the x-
ray tube move across
the so the image is
called a transverse
image or one
perpendicular to the
long axis of the body.
6. Computed Tomography
Development
• Computed tomography has gone through five
major design advancements since 1970
• Each development improved both scan time
and resolution or image quality.
• Scan time have been reduced from 5 minutes
to 50 ms.
• First scanner used a very tightly collimated
pencil beam.
7. Generations
• First Generation Scanners
– Translation/Rotation
– Tube produced a finely collimated beam or pencil
beam
– 1 to 3 detectors were placed opposite the tube for
radiation detection
– 4.5 minutes to gather enough information for one
slice
– Tube was only able to rotate 180 degrees
8. First Generation
• 1971
• Pencil Thin Beam of Radiation
• Translate and Rotate
– X-ray source and detector fixed
relative position
– One degree of rotation possible
• Scan Time (Single Image)
– 5 min
• 128 x 128 images
Patient
X-ray tube
Detector
9. First Generation CT Scanner
• Pencil Beam
• Translate-Rotate Design
• 180 one degree images
or translations.
• One or two detectors.
• 5 minutes scan time
10.
11. Second Generation
• Fan-shaped x-ray beam
• 30 or more detectors
• 20 seconds per slice or 10 minutes for a 40
slice exam
• 180 degree rotation
• Long data reconstruction time
12. Second Generation
• 1974
• X-rays
– Multiple Pencil
– Fan Shaped 3 - 26 degrees
• Still Translate and Rotate
– X-ray source and detector still fixed
relative position
– Rotation increased from one to three
degrees
• Scan time (Single Image)
– 3.5 min
– Eventually 5.3 sec
X-ray tube
Detectors
13. Second Generation CT Scanner
• Translate-Rotate
• Fan beam collimation so
there is more scatter
radiation.
• 5 to 30 detectors
• 10 degrees /translation
18 per scan.
• 30 second scan times
• Faster scan time
14.
15. Third Generation
• Fan-shaped x-ray beam
• 960 detectors opposite the x-ray tube
• Complete 360 degree rotation Rotate/Rotate
movement
• One rotation = one slice
• Second data acquisition could be made as the
tube and detectors move in the opposite
direction.
• Time reduced to 1 sec per slice
17. Third Generation
• 1977
• X-ray
– Fan Shaped
– 21 - 45 degrees
• Rotation Only
– Array of Detectors
• Scan Time (Single Image)
– 4.8 sec
– Eventually reduced to 2.5
seconds
Detectors
X-ray tube
18. Third Generation CT Scanner
• Rotate-Rotate
• Fan shaped beam of 30
to 60° for full patient
coverage.
• Constant Source to
detector distance due to
curvilinear detector
array.
19. Third Generation CT Scanner
• If one detector fails, a
ring artifact appears.
• 1 second scan times
• Superior reconstruction
and resolution.
20. Fourth Generation
• Developed in 1980’s
• Fixed ring of as many as 4800
detectors, completely surrounding the
patient, Rotate only movement
• Rotating x-ray tube provides short bursts of
radiation
• Detectors collect the remnant radiation to
reconstruct into an image
• 1 minute for multiple slices
22. Fourth Generation
• 1980
• X-ray
– Wide Fan
– 48 - 120 degrees
• Rotation Only
– Full Ring of Detectors
• Scan Time (Single Image)
– 5 Sec
– Eventually reduced to ~1 sec
X-ray tube
Ring of Detectors
23. Fourth Generation CT Scanner
• The tube rotates around
a stationary ring of
detectors.
• Fan beam
• Variable slice thickness
with pre and post
patient collimation.
24. Fourth Generation CT Scanner
• As many as 8000
detectors.
• 1 second scan time.
• Auto-detector
calibration so no ring
artifact.
• High radiation dose
compared to earlier
scanners.
25. Fifth Generation
CT Scanner
• This is the latest
generation of CT.
• Allows for continuous
rotation of the tube for
spiral CT.
• 5th Generation also
includes two novel
designs: