CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of the body by combining x-rays with computer technology. CT scans are useful for diagnosing many medical conditions by allowing physicians to examine tissues and organs. While CT scans provide valuable medical information with minimal risks, they do involve exposure to radiation, so the benefits must be weighed against the risks for each individual patient's circumstance.
This presentation discusees a brief history of the MRI, it's mechanism of action, applications in dentistry and recent advancements in its technology. Also it's advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the CT scan
This presentation discusees a brief history of the MRI, it's mechanism of action, applications in dentistry and recent advancements in its technology. Also it's advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the CT scan
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
I have include all the contain about mammography like introduction,principle,anatomy,general views ,mammography physics (x-ray tube, housing,filter ,collimator and generator) and different advance technology about mammography.
Hope it will help your queries.
Thank you....!!
Brief explanation of what is PET, the main components for a PET system along with their basic functions. The principle behind PET inclusive of positron emission and emission detection. Acquisition and reconstruction of the collected data to produce the final image. Finally the pros and cons of Positron emission tomography.
Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
I have include all the contain about mammography like introduction,principle,anatomy,general views ,mammography physics (x-ray tube, housing,filter ,collimator and generator) and different advance technology about mammography.
Hope it will help your queries.
Thank you....!!
Brief explanation of what is PET, the main components for a PET system along with their basic functions. The principle behind PET inclusive of positron emission and emission detection. Acquisition and reconstruction of the collected data to produce the final image. Finally the pros and cons of Positron emission tomography.
Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).
Is micro-computed tomography a suitable tool for the modern taxonomist? An example using polychaetes. Presented by Christos Arvanitidis at the 13th International Polychaete Conference, August 2013, Sydney
What is a Brain CT Imaging Perfusion Study?Carestream
Computed tomography perfusion (aka CTP) imaging shows which areas of the brain are supplied or perfused adequately with blood and provides detailed information on delivery of blood or blood flow to the brain. Here are 10 things you need to know about the procedure.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
3. CT (CAT) scanning
—is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians
diagnose and treat medical conditions.
- combines special x-ray equipment with
sophisticated computers to produce multiple
images or pictures of the inside of the body.
- These cross-sectional images of the area being
studied can then be examined on a computer
monitor, printed or transferred to a CD.
4.
5. Some common uses of the procedure
• one of the best and fastest tools for examining
the chest, abdomen and pelvis
• it provides detailed, cross-sectional views of
all types of tissue.
• used to examine patients with severe injuries
from incidents such as a motor vehicle
accident.
• performed on patients with acute symptoms
such as abdominal pain or difficulty breathing.
6. • often the best method for detecting many different
cancers, including lung, liver, kidney and pancreatic cancer,
since the image allows a physician to confirm the presence
of a tumor and measure its size, precise location and the
extent of the tumor's involvement with other nearby
tissue.
• an examination that plays a significant role in the
detection, diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases
that can lead to stroke, kidney failure or even death.
• CT is commonly used to assess for pulmonary embolism (a
blood clot in the lung vessels) as well as for abdominal
aortic aneurysms (AAA).
• invaluable in diagnosing and treating spinal problems and
injuries to the hands, feet and other skeletal structures
because it can clearly show even very small bones as well
as surrounding tissues such as muscle and blood vessels.
7. For children
CT imaging is more often used to evaluate:
• lymphoma
• neuroblastoma
• kidney tumors
• congenital malformations of the heart, kidneys and
blood vessels
• cystic fibrosis
• complications of acute appendicitis
• complications of pneumonia
• inflammatory bowel disease
• severe injuries
8. Physicians often use the CT
examination to:
• quickly identify injuries to the lungs, heart and vessels,
liver, spleen, kidneys, bowel or other internal organs in
cases of trauma.
• guide biopsies and other procedures such as abscess
drainages and minimally invasive tumor treatments.
• plan for and assess the results of surgery, such as organ
transplants or gastric bypass.
• stage, plan and properly administer radiation
treatments for tumors as well as monitor response to
chemotherapy.
• measure bone mineral density for the detection of
osteoporosis.
9.
10.
11. Equipment
• The CT scanner is typically a large, box-like machine
with a hole, or short tunnel, in the center.
• The Patient will lie on a narrow examination table that
slides into and out of this tunnel.
• Rotating around patient, the x-ray tube and electronic
x-ray detectors are located opposite each other in a
ring, called a gantry.
• The computer workstation that processes the imaging
information is located in a separate control room,
where the technologist operates the scanner and
monitors your examination.
12.
13.
14.
15. How does the procedure work?
• In many ways CT scanning works very much like
other x-ray examinations.
• X-rays are a form of radiation—like light or radio
waves—that can be directed at the body. Different
body parts absorb the x-rays in varying degrees.
• In a conventional x-ray exam, a small amount of
radiation is aimed at and passes through the body,
recording an image on photographic film or a special
image recording plate.
• Bones appear white on the x-ray; soft tissue, such as
organs like the heart or liver, shows up in shades of
gray and air appears black.
16. • With CT scanning, numerous x-ray beams and a set
of electronic x-ray detectors rotate around patient,
measuring the amount of radiation being absorbed
throughout your body.
• At the same time, the examination table is moving
through the scanner, so that the x-ray beam follows
a spiral path.
• A special computer program processes this large
volume of data to create two-dimensional cross-
sectional images of your body, which are then
displayed on a monitor.
• This technique is called helical or spiral CT.
18. CT slice through the mid-abdomen
showing multiple normal-appearing organs
19. • CT imaging is sometimes compared to looking
into a loaf of bread by cutting the loaf into thin
slices.
• When the image slices are reassembled by
computer software, the result is a very detailed
multidimensional view of the body's interior.
• Refinements in detector technology allow new
CT scanners to obtain multiple slices in a single
rotation.
• These scanners, called multislice CT or
multidetector CT, allow thinner slices to be
obtained in a shorter period of time, resulting in
more detail and additional view capabilities.
20. How is the CAT scan performed?
• The technologist begins by positioning patient on
the CT examination table, usually lying flat on
back or less commonly, on one side or on
stomach.
• Straps and pillows may be used to help you
maintain the correct position and to hold still
during the exam.
• Depending on the part of the body being
scanned, patient may be asked to keep hands
over head.
.mp4
21. • If contrast material is used, it will be swallowed,
injected through an intravenous line (IV) or
administered by enema, depending on the type
of examination.
• Next, the table will move quickly through the
scanner to determine the correct starting
position for the scans.
• Then, the table will move slowly through the
machine as the actual CT scanning is performed.
• Depending on the type of CT scan, the machine
may make several passes.
• Patient may be asked to hold breath during the
scanning.
22. • Any motion, whether breathing or body
movements, can lead to artifacts on the images.
• This is similar to the blurring seen on a
photograph taken of a moving object.
• When the examination is completed, you will be
asked to wait until the technologist verifies that
the images are of high enough quality for
accurate interpretation.
• The CT examination is usually completed within
30 minutes. The portion requiring intravenous
contrast injection usually lasts only 10 to 30
seconds.
23. • CT scan of a normal appendix in the right lower abdomen.
• The appendix normally connects with the right colon and
contains air (this appears black on the scan).
• Air in the appendix excludes appendicitis since this means
that the appendix is not obstructed or inflamed.
24. • Appendicitis: The appendix (A) is distended and
inflamed.
• In this patient the appendix has not yet ruptured
25.
26.
27. Benefits vs. Risks
Benefits:
• CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate.
• A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone,
soft tissue and blood vessels all at the same time.
• Unlike conventional x-rays, CT scanning provides
very detailed images of many types of tissue as well
as the lungs, bones, and blood vessels.
• CT examinations are fast and simple; in emergency
cases, they can reveal internal injuries and bleeding
quickly enough to help save lives.
• CT has been shown to be a cost-effective imaging
tool for a wide range of clinical problems.
• CT is less sensitive to patient movement than MRI.
28. Benefits:
• CT can be performed if you have an implanted medical
device of any kind, unlike MRI.
• CT imaging provides real-time imaging, making it a good
tool for guiding minimally invasive procedures such as
needle biopsies and needle aspirations of many areas of
the body, particularly the lungs, abdomen, pelvis and
bones.
• A diagnosis determined by CT scanning may eliminate the
need for exploratory surgery and surgical biopsy.
• No radiation remains in a patient's body after a CT
examination.
• X-rays used in CT scans usually have no immediate side
effects.
29. Risks
• There is no conclusive evidence that radiation
at amounts delivered by a CT scan causes
cancer.
• Large population studies have shown a slight
increase in cancer from larger amounts of
radiation, such as from radiation therapy.
• Thus, there is always concern that this risk
may also apply to the lower amounts of
radiation delivered by a CT exam.
30. Risks
• The effective radiation dose for this procedure
varies.
• CT scanning is, in general, not recommended for
pregnant women unless medically necessary
because of potential risk to the baby.
• Manufacturers of intravenous contrast indicate
mothers should not breastfeed their babies for
24-48 hours after contrast medium is given.
• The risk of serious allergic reaction to contrast
materials that contain iodine is extremely rare,
and radiology departments are well-equipped to
deal with them.
31. Limitations of CT Scanning of the Body
• Soft-tissue details in areas such as the brain, internal
pelvic organs, and joints (such as knees and
shoulders) can often be better evaluated with
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• In pregnant women, while CT can be performed
safely, other imaging exams not involving radiation,
such as ultrasound or MRI, is preferred if they are
likely to be as good as CT in diagnosing your
condition.
• A person who is very large may not fit into the
opening of a conventional CT scanner or may be
over the weight limit—usually 450 pounds—for the
moving table.