A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a compressible fluid like air or gas by reducing its volume. It works similarly to a pump but for gases, which are compressible, rather than liquids. There are several types of compressors including reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal, and axial. Centrifugal compressors use rotary impellers to increase the velocity and pressure of a gas by pulling it through a curved casing. Key components include impellers, diffusers, bearings, seals, and casings. Compressors are selected based on various parameters like the gas handled, flow rates, pressures, and temperature.
This powerpint presentation includes all the detail of various types of AIR COPMPRESSSORS,with its real and schematic diagram
- Parth Patel
1st Year Electrical
This PowerPoint shows an introduction to positive displacement compressors. You will have a brief introduction about the operating principles of reciprocating compressors, the different types of rotary compressors, and techniques for controlling compressor output most important variables.You will learn as well the construction, principal parts, and operation of reciprocating compressors
Compressors complete description and a well arranged slides for the topic. That's too the point and relevant slide share you are looking for! Hope you will find it easy to understand
Thank you!
In the hydrocarbon processing and production industry, gas is compressed for transportation to consuming markets and for use in processing operations. This presentation is about the construction and operation of compressors.
In this presentation you will learn about the construction and operation of centrifugal compressors.
This powerpint presentation includes all the detail of various types of AIR COPMPRESSSORS,with its real and schematic diagram
- Parth Patel
1st Year Electrical
This PowerPoint shows an introduction to positive displacement compressors. You will have a brief introduction about the operating principles of reciprocating compressors, the different types of rotary compressors, and techniques for controlling compressor output most important variables.You will learn as well the construction, principal parts, and operation of reciprocating compressors
Compressors complete description and a well arranged slides for the topic. That's too the point and relevant slide share you are looking for! Hope you will find it easy to understand
Thank you!
In the hydrocarbon processing and production industry, gas is compressed for transportation to consuming markets and for use in processing operations. This presentation is about the construction and operation of compressors.
In this presentation you will learn about the construction and operation of centrifugal compressors.
A compressor is a type of machine that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors helps to transport the fluid through a pipe maintaining the high pressure conditions. It is convers power (using and electrical motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air. The main and important types of gas compressors are illustrated and discussed below.
Types of compressor and application in oil and gas industryajichemix
This presentation covers the type of compressors, its application, capacity control methods, surge control, cooling system, advantage and disadvantage of compressors.
This slide describe seal gas system in compressor. This Slide is divided into three part: - What is seal gas ? - The function of seal gas? - Description Equipment in Seal gas systems
A compressor is a type of machine that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors helps to transport the fluid through a pipe maintaining the high pressure conditions. It is convers power (using and electrical motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air. The main and important types of gas compressors are illustrated and discussed below.
Types of compressor and application in oil and gas industryajichemix
This presentation covers the type of compressors, its application, capacity control methods, surge control, cooling system, advantage and disadvantage of compressors.
This slide describe seal gas system in compressor. This Slide is divided into three part: - What is seal gas ? - The function of seal gas? - Description Equipment in Seal gas systems
Centrifugal Compressors
SECTION ONE - ANTI-SURGE PROTECTION AND THROUGHPUT REGULATION
0 INTRODUCTION
1 SCOPE
2 MACHINE CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Characteristics of a Single Compressor Stage
2.2 Characteristic of a Multiple Stage Having More
Than One Impeller
2.3 Use of Compressor Characteristics in Throughput
Regulation Schemes
3 MECHANISM AND EFFECTS OF SURGE
3.1 Basic Flow Instabilities
3.2 Occurrence of Surge
3.3 Intensity of Surge
3.4 Effects of Surge
3.5 Avoidance of Surge
3.6 Recovery from Surge
4 CONTROL SCHEMES INCLUDING SURGE PROTECTION
4.1 Output Control
4.2 Surge Protection
4.3 Surge Detection and Recovery
5 DYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS
5.1 Interaction
5.2 Speed of Response of Antisurge Control System
6 SYSTEM EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 The Antisurge Control Valve
6.2 Non-return Valve
6.3 Pressure and flow measurement
6.4 Signal transmission
6.5 Controllers
7 TESTING
7.1 Determination of the Surge Line
7.2 Records
8 INLET GUIDE VANE UNITS
8.1 Application
8.2 Effect on Power Consumption of the Compressor
8.3 Effect of Gas Conditions, Properties and Contaminants
8.4 Aerodynamic Considerations
8.5 Control System Linearity
8.6 Actuator Specification
8.7 Avoidance of Surge
8.8 Features of Link Mechanisms
8.9 Limit Stops and Shear Links
APPENDICES
A LIST OF SYMBOLS AND PREFERRED UNITS
B WORKED EXAMPLE 1 COMPRESSOR WITH VARIABLE INLET PRESSURE AND VARIABLE GAS COMPOSITION
C WORKED EXAMPLE 2 A CONSTANT SPEED ~ STAGE COMPRESSOR WITH INTER-COOLING
D WORKED EXAMPLE 3 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE ANTISURGE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR A SERVICE AIR COMPRESSOR RUNNING AT CONSTANT SPEED
E EXAMPLE OF INLET GUIDE VANE REGULATION
FIGURES
2.1 TYPICAL COMPRESSOR STAGE CHARACTERISTIC PLOTTED WITH FLOW AT DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
2.2 TYPICAL COMPRESSOR STAGE CHARACTERISTIC PLOTTED WITH FLOW AT INLET CONDITIONS
2.3 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPRESSOR STAGE AT VARYING SPEEDS
2.4 SYSTEM WORKING POINT DEFINED BY INTERSECTION OF PROCESS AND COMPRESSOR CHARACTERISTICS
2.5 DISCHARGE THROTTLE REGULATION
2.6 BYPASS REGULATION
2.7 INLET THROTTLE REGULATION
2.8 INLET GUIDE VANE REGULATION
2.9 VARIABLE SPEED REGULATION
3.1 GAS PULSATION LEVELS FOR A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
3.2 REPRESENTATION OF CYCLIC FLOW DURING SURGE OF LONG PERIOD
3.3 TYPICAL WAVEFORM OF DISCHARGE PRESSURE DURING SURGE
3.4 MULTIPLE SURGE LINE FOR A MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
3.5 TYPICAL MULTIPLE SURGE LINES FOR SINGLE STAGE AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR
4.1 GENERAL SCHEMATIC FOR COMPRESSORS OPERATING IN PARALLEL TO FEED MULTIPLE USER PLANTS
4.2 ILLUSTRATION OF SAFETY MARGIN BETWEEN SURGE POINT AND SURGE PROTECTION POINT AT WHICH ANTISURGE SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED
4.3 ANTISURGE SYSTEM FOR COMPRESSOR WITH FLAT PERFO ..........
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.
Delivery volume is the quantity of air that a compressor delivers to a system.
It is specified in terms of air at normal atmospheric conditions.
There are two types of delivery volumes
Ex:
For a reciprocating compressor, the theoretical delivery volume is the product of volume of air swept in one revolution of its rotating element and the number of revolutions per unit time.
Effective delivery volume
Depends on the type of compressor.
To pneumatic personnel, only the effective delivery volume is of interest as this air volume is available for driving and controlling pneumatic equipment.
When air is compressed, work is done, and a part of this work
appears as heat in the compressed air.
The heat produced must be removed by cooling the air. Good cooling extends the life of the compressor.
Cooling methods
Selection of a suitable cooling system depends on the amount of heat produced.
Cooling fins on smaller air-cooled compressors permit the heat to be
removed by radiation.
A large compressor is usually equipped with an additional fan to take away the heat. In the case of a compressors with a drive power in excess of 30 kw are equipped with a water circulation cooling system.
To match the delivery volume of the compressor with the fluctuating air consumption and as a safety measure, it is necessary to regulate the pressure developed by the compressor.
Various methods of regulation are employed for this purpose.
Start/Stop (On-off Regulation)
Pressure (switching) limits Pmax and Pmin that can be set on a regulator. The drive motor is switched off on reaching a preset maximum pressure, Pmax The motor is switched on again when the pressure has dropped to a preset minimum pressure, Pmin.
Start/Stop (On-off Regulation)
It keeps the motor running continuously, but unloads compressor when the discharge pressure is adequate.
Unloaded rotary screw compressors typically consume 15-35% of their full load power demand, while producing no useful compressed air output.
Optional unload timers are available that will save energy by automatically turning off the compressor and placing it in standby if the unit runs unloaded for a period of time (usually 15 minutes).
Regulation methods
Modulating Control
This mode of control varies the compressor output to meet flow requirements by adjusting the inlet valve, resulting in air restrictions to the compressor.
Variable Displacement
Some lubricated rotary screw compressors vary their output capacity using special capacity control valves, also called spiral, turn or poppet valves.
With a variable displacement control scheme, the output pressure and compressor power consumption can be closely controlled without having to start/stop or load/unload the compressor.
Regulation methods
Variable Speed Drive (VSD)
This control method varies the speed of the compressor to respond to changes in air demand.
Both lubricated and oil free screw compressors can be purchased equipped with variable speed drive controls that c
Here are various air compressors, and everyone has an alternate forte. For the most part, the distinctions are easy everything declines to how a blower manages air uprooting.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. WHAT IS A COMPRESSOR?
A device used for pumping compressible fluids.
i.e. Air , gas and Steam
3. Compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure
by reducing volume.
Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure
on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As
gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume
of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible, the main action
of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids
4. COMPRESSOR
PRESSURE RATIO
GAS
Suction Pressure = Ps
Suction Temperature = Ts
Suction Velocity = Us
GAS
Discharge Pressure = Pd
Discharge Temperature = Td
Discharge Velocity = Ud
Compressor = Black Box to increase Gas Pressure
5. a) Principle of operation
b) Type of construction
c) Staging
d) Service duty
e) Lubricated/ non lubricated
Compressor Classification
Based on
26. Casing:
It is the housing of the compressor, in which all components were intacted.
There are two types of casing
1. Horizontal Split
2. Vertical Split
Horizontal Split:
Centrifugal compressors with horizontal split casings typically permit internal
of around 700psi (70 bars) with flow rate of around 300,000 Nm3/hr at low
pressure.
27.
28. Vertical split or Barrel type compressor
Above 700psi horizontal split casing lose their sealing capability, resulting in an
increased in potential for the escape of process gas. Hence vertical casing is more
preferred for high pressure application.
Based on the nozzle arrangement:
Straight through:
It is the general arrangement of compressor. In which the casing consisting of two
nozzles, one is inlet and the other one is outlet. gas enters at the inlet nozzle passes
through one or more stages of compression and leave through the discharge nozzle in
to the piping system.
32. Impeller:
Impeller is the heart of the compressor. In which the mechanical energy (rotary motion)
of the rotor is converted in to kinetic energy of the process fluid (compressing fluid
There are three types of impellers
Open impeller
Semi open impeller
Closed impeller
Open impellers have the vanes positioned radial direction and have no enclosing covers
on either front or back side.
Semi open impellers have the vanes positioned in a radial or backward leaning direction
and have a cover on the back side with extended to the periphery of the vanes.
Closed impellers have enclosed cover on both front and back side. this is the most
common type in large processing compressors. The blades are usually backward leaning
and in some special cases radial curved vanes
33. Diaphragm:
It is the stationary component of the centrifugal compressor. It consisting of two
parts one is the diffuser and the return guide vanes. Normally around 2/3 of
kinetic of gas is converted in to pressure energy in the impeller itself and the
remaining 1/3 of energy conversion is takes place in the diffuser as shown below.
35. After conversion of kinetic energy in to pressure energy in the
diffuser the gas pass through the return guide vanes. The function
of return guide vanes is to guide the gas to the next stage of
impeller with laminar flow.
37. Radial Bearing:
Radial bearing of the centrifugal compressor are force lubricated. For the
ease of maintenance the bearing are horizontal split with replaceable
Babbitt lined pads. Number of pad in the radial bearing is depending
upon the speed and load condition of the compressor.
38. Thrust bearing:
The main purpose of the bearing is to take the thrust load produced in
the rotor. Tilting pad is the most common type of bearing used in
centrifugal compressor. Flat land, tapper land , kingsbury and Michel
bearings are used by most of the manufacture , the selection of bearing
is depend up the thrust load produced by the rotor.
41. 1. Liquid film seals:
This system is used when the gas medium is poisonous,
inflammable and expensive and no external leakage is
permitted. The principle of this sealing is that high
pressure oil is injected in between a set of close
clearance seal rings mounted on shaft ends. The seal
rings are free floating type with white metalled bore.
The oil leakage through LP side is recirculated through
the oil system and HP leakage is recovered by automatic
traps are re-used after separating dissolved gases.
42.
43. This system is employed for gases like Air, Nitrogen. The amount of gas
leaking to ambient is reduced by selecting adequate number of
labyrinth fins. Some of the developments in a labyrinth type seals are
stepped type seals, honey comb type and turbine type.
LABYRINTH SEALS
44.
45. In this type of seals the carbon-rings forming part of stator part
is kept in continuous contact with a rotating collar. The contact
surfaces are lubricated either by a cool buffer gas or
lubricating oil. These seals are very effective means of
providing shaft sealings.
Mechanical Seals
46. For gases like oxygen, raw gas and other explosive, corrosive, media the
sealing has to be perfect and where sealing medium like oil cannot be
used, the above sealing system is selected. The principle of this sealing is
that vacuum is created by a ejector at the shaft ends which sucks the
gases and thus prevents any outward leakage of the contained gas.
INJECTION EXTRACTION
SEALS
47. Today the preferred choice is the dry-running, gas-lubricated seal over
conventional seals. A gas-lubricated mechanical seal necessarily needs a
gas supply system to ensure pressurizations of the seal with clean process
gas or external gas.
Dry gas seals
50. Single seal arrangement
Single seal is used for the compressors, which have lower sealing pressures
and where a small leakage of gas medium can be tolerated. The single seal is
particularly advantageous as they occupy less space at compressor ends.
51. Double arrangement
A double arrangement is a sealing system, which reliably prevents product gas
escaping to the surroundings. It involves feeding a buffer gas, e.g. nitrogen,
between the seals at a higher pressure than the product pressure.