The document discusses pressure vessels, including their definitions, components, classifications, uses, applicable codes, design criteria, testing methods. It covers topics such as typical pressure vessel components, various classifications of pressure vessels, common uses of pressure vessels, design codes like ASME and materials qualification tests and leakage tests performed on pressure vessels.
This power point was prepared for the course named as Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design. Target group was 4th year chemical engineering Students for the first semester
This power point was prepared for the course named as Chemical Engineering Apparatus Design. Target group was 4th year chemical engineering Students for the first semester
What is the Difference Between a Pressure Vessel Tank and a Storage Tank? The primary difference between these two is that pressure vessels contain liquids/gases at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, storage tanks store either liquids or gases at normal atmospheric pressure.
Pressure Safety Valve Sizing - API 520/521/526Vijay Sarathy
No chemical process facility is immune to the risk of overpressure to avoid dictating the necessity for overpressure protection. For every situation that demands safe containment of process gas, it becomes an obligation for engineers to equally provide pressure relieving and flaring provisions wherever necessary. The levels of protection are hierarchical, starting with designing an inherently safe process to avoid overpressure followed by providing alarms for operators to intervene and Emergency Shutdown provisions through ESD and SIL rated instrumentation. Beyond these design and instrument based protection measures, the philosophy of containment and abatement steps such as pressure relieving devices, flares, physical dikes and Emergency Response Services is employed
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This slide will explain you the chemical engineering terms .Al about the basics of this slide are explain in it. The basics of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, chemical engineering thermodynamics, fluid motions, newtonian fluids, are explain in this process.
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A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. The presentation involves the various understanding aspects of the design of a pressure vessel.
What is the Difference Between a Pressure Vessel Tank and a Storage Tank? The primary difference between these two is that pressure vessels contain liquids/gases at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, storage tanks store either liquids or gases at normal atmospheric pressure.
Pressure Safety Valve Sizing - API 520/521/526Vijay Sarathy
No chemical process facility is immune to the risk of overpressure to avoid dictating the necessity for overpressure protection. For every situation that demands safe containment of process gas, it becomes an obligation for engineers to equally provide pressure relieving and flaring provisions wherever necessary. The levels of protection are hierarchical, starting with designing an inherently safe process to avoid overpressure followed by providing alarms for operators to intervene and Emergency Shutdown provisions through ESD and SIL rated instrumentation. Beyond these design and instrument based protection measures, the philosophy of containment and abatement steps such as pressure relieving devices, flares, physical dikes and Emergency Response Services is employed
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger in heat TransferUsman Shah
This slide will explain you the chemical engineering terms .Al about the basics of this slide are explain in it. The basics of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, chemical engineering thermodynamics, fluid motions, newtonian fluids, are explain in this process.
In this ppt, you will learn about the different types of Flanges used in a piping system to connect the pipe ends. This ppt explains the classification of flanges based on its use.
A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. The presentation involves the various understanding aspects of the design of a pressure vessel.
The stress analysis basis used in the ASME Code to analyze the nozzle reinforcement is called Beams on
Elastic Foundation (Hetenyi, 1946). This method determines the effectiveness of the material close to the
opening for carrying loads. Reinforcement limits are developed parallel and perpendicular to the shell surface
near the opening. Although the method is a simplified application of the elastic foundation theory, experience
has shown that it does a good job.
Values from two equations are used to set the reinforcement limits measured along the vessel wall surface.
The greater value sets the horizontal limit for that opening. The first value is equal to d, and the second
value is equal to 0.5d + t + tn as shown in Fig. 5.2. The relationship of the nozzle wall thickness
The stress analysis basis used in the ASME Code to analyze the nozzle reinforcement is called Beams on
Elastic Foundation (Hetenyi, 1946). This method determines the effectiveness of the material close to the
opening for carrying loads. Reinforcement limits are developed parallel and perpendicular to the shell surface
near the opening. Although the method is a simplified application of the elastic foundation theory, experience
has shown that it does a good job.
Values from two equations are used to set the reinforcement limits measured along the vessel wall surface.
The greater value sets the horizontal limit for that opening. The first value is equal to d, and the second
value is equal to 0.5d + t + tn as shown in Fig. 5.2. The relationship of the nozzle wall thickness
The stress analysis basis used in the ASME Code to analyze the nozzle reinforcement is called Beams on
Elastic Foundation (Hetenyi, 1946). This method determines the effectiveness of the material close to the
opening for carrying loads. Reinforcement limits are developed parallel and perpendicular to the shell surface
near the opening. Although the method is a simplified application of the elastic foundation theory, experience
has shown that it does a good job.
Values from two equations are used to set the reinforcement limits measured along the vessel wall surface.
The greater value sets the horizontal limit for that opening. The first value is equal to d, and the second
value is equal to 0.5d + t + tn as shown in Fig. 5.2. The relationship of the nozzle wall thickness
This presentation gives the basics of engineering materials used in the power plant industry. It also gives the basics of the heat treatment processes and application of materials.
Different steels are majorly shown in the presentation. It starts from carbon steel and goes to advanced high-temperature materials.
Different heat treatments are also discussed. The property changes are observed after heat treatments are given.
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3. 1. Definitions of Pressure Vessels
2. Typical Components of Pressure Vessels
3. Classification of Pressure Vessels
4. Uses of Pressure Vessels
5. ASME Codes Used for Pressure Vessels
6. Design Criteria
7. Comparison Of Pressure Vessels Designed Under
the Standard Codes
8. Non-Destructive Tests Performed On Pressure
Vessels
9. Leak- Testing Methods On Pressure Vessels
4. A pressure vessel is a closed container designed
to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially
different from the gauge pressure.
Pressure Vessels are defined in ASME Section
VIII, Div 1 introduction:
“ Pressure Vessels are containers for the
containment of pressure either external or internal.
The pressure may be obtained from an external
source, or by the application of heat from a direct
or indirect source, or any combination thereof.”
5. 1. Cylindrical or
Spherical Shell
2. Formed Heads
3. Blind Flanges, Cover
Plates, Flanges
4. Openings And
Nozzles
5. Supports
6. Based on Manufacturing Methods:
1) Welded Vessels
2) Forged Vessels
3) Multiwall Vessels
4) Multiwall Wrapped Vessels
5) Band Wrapped Vessels
Based on Manufacturing Materials:
1) Steel Vessels
2) Non Ferrous Vessels
3) Non Metallic Vessels
Based on Geometric Shapes:
1) Cylindrical Vessels
2) Spherical Vessels
3) Rectangular Vessels
7. 4) Combined Vessels
Based on Installation Methods:
1) Vertical Vessels
2) Horizontal Vessels
Based on Pressure-Bearing Situation:
1) Internal Pressure Vessels
2) External Pressure Vessels
Based on Wall Thickness:
1) Thin Wall Vessel
2) Thick Wall Vessel
Based on Technological Processes:
1) Reaction Vessel
2) Heat Exchanger Vessel
3) Separation Vessel
4) Storage Container Vessel
8. Based on Operating Temperature:
1) Low Temperature Vessels(less than or equal to -20°C)
2) Normal Temperature Vessels(Between -20°C to 150°C)
3) Medium Temperature Vessels(Between 150°C to 450°C)
4) High Temperature Vessels(more than or equal to
450°C)
Based on Design Pressure:
1) Low Pressure Vessels(0.1MPa to 1.6MPa)
2) Medium Pressure Vessels(1.6MPa to 10MPa)
3) High Pressure Vessels(10MPa to 100MPa)
4) Ultra High Pressure Vessels(More than 100MPa)
Based on Usage Mode:
1) Fixed Pressure Vessel
2) Mobile Pressure Vessel
9. 1) Industrial compressed air receivers
2) Domestic hot water storage tanks
3) Diving cylinders
4) Recompression chambers
5) Distillation towers
6) Autoclaves
7) Oil refineries and petrochemical plants
8) Nuclear reactor vessels
9) Pneumatic And Hydraulic Reservoirs
10) Storage vessels for liquified gases such
as ammonia, chlorine, propane, butane, and LPG.
10. • ASME BPVC Section II
Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
Part B - Nonferrous Material Specifications
Part C - Specifications for Welding
Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Part D - Properties (Customary)
Part D - Properties (Metric)
•ASME BPVC Section V - Non destructive
Examination
11. •ASME Section VIII : Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code (BPVC)
Division 1- Rules for Construction of Pressure
Vessels
Division 2 - Alternative Rules
Division 3 - Alternative Rules for Construction
of High Pressure Vessels
12. Selection Of The Type Of Vessel:
i. The operating temperature and pressure.
ii. Function and location of the vessel.
iii. Nature of fluid.
iv. Necessary volume for storage or capacity for
processing
Design Loads
Materials
Allowable Stress
13. Item IS-2825 ASME Code BS-5500 AD-
Section VIII Merkblatter
Scope •Unfired fusion •Welded, riveted, • Unfired fusion •Do/Di < 1.7
welded pressure forged and brazed welded pressure •Vessels and
vessels vessels vessels vessel parts
•Pressure < 20 •Water capacity>120 gal •Medium and predominantly
N/mm2 •Operating pressure > high pressure under static load.
•Do/Di < 1.5 15 psi storage vessels
•Di > 150 mm •Di>6” •Excludes
•Water capacity > transportable
50 litres vessels.
materials •Carbon and low •Same as IS-2825 •Carbon, ferritic All metallic
alloy steels, high •Cast iron, lined alloy(low and materials and
alloy steel, Cu and material cast iron, high) and graphite, glass.
Cu alloys, Al and ferritic steel austenitic steels
alloys, bolting and •Composite Materials
casting alloys
14. Item IS-2825 ASME Code BS-5500 AD-
Section VIII Merkblatter
Design Maximum working Maximum pressure Maximum Based on
pressure pressure including at most severe pressure at permissible service
static head + 5% conditions most severe pressure
maximum working conditions
pressure.
Design Highest metal Actual metal Actual metal Highest
tempera- temperature expected temperature temperature temperature
ture under operating expected under expected under expected under
conditions operating conditions operating working conditions
conditions +
margin for
uncertainties
16. The five principle methods of NDT used
are:
1. Visual testing (VT)
2. Penetrant testing (PT)
3. Magnetic particle testing (MT)
4. Ultrasonic testing (UT)
5. Radiographic testing (RT)
17. There are many different methods for pressure
and leak testing in the field. Seven of these are:
1. Hydrostatic testing
2. Pneumatic or gaseous-fluid testing
3. Combined pneumatic and hydrostatic testing
4. Initial service testing
5. Vacuum testing
6. Static head testing
7. Halogen and helium leak detection test