The document discusses the roles and benefits of composting organic materials. It explains that composting is the process by which organic matter such as plant and animal waste breaks down into a nutrient-rich soil amendment called humus. A variety of micro- and macro-organisms assist in decomposition. Regularly turning compost piles aerates them, speeds up the process, and produces higher quality compost. Applying compost to soil improves its structure, fertility, and ability to retain water and support plant growth.
Harness nature’s secret to healthy, fertile soil. Everyone can take advantage of basic composting techniques to improve soil quality and reduce waste. In this class we will discuss the advantages of various composting methods, and provide you with ideas for improving your soil to produce healthier, more vigorous plants.
Harness nature’s secret to healthy, fertile soil. Everyone can take advantage of basic composting techniques to improve soil quality and reduce waste. In this class we will discuss the advantages of various composting methods, and provide you with ideas for improving your soil to produce healthier, more vigorous plants.
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...AmandeepSingh1590
I'm student of Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib, Sirhind (Punjab).
My district is Sangrur (Punjab),Teh - Dhuri, Village - Ghanaur kalan.
I'm Student of Masters of Fruit Science.
Mobile no. 6284235755
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
It is about the major pest of cabbage ways to tackle the pest in an organized manner with lesser environmental damage alongside with the help of IPM principles.
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...AmandeepSingh1590
I'm student of Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib, Sirhind (Punjab).
My district is Sangrur (Punjab),Teh - Dhuri, Village - Ghanaur kalan.
I'm Student of Masters of Fruit Science.
Mobile no. 6284235755
The portion of a plant left in the field after harvest of the crop that is (straw, stalks, stems, leaves, roots) not used domestically or sold commercially”. The non – economical plant parts that are left in the field after harvest and remains that are generated from packing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Organic recycling has to play a key role in achieving sustainability in agricultural production. Multipurpose uses of crop residue include, but are not limited to, animal feeding, soil mulching, bio-manure, thatching of rural homes and fuel for domestic and industrial use. Thus, crop residues are of tremendous value to the farmers. Crop residue benefit the soil physically, chemically as well as biologically.
It is about the major pest of cabbage ways to tackle the pest in an organized manner with lesser environmental damage alongside with the help of IPM principles.
This slide is all about compost . composting is the method to put life in the soil. It fertilizes the soil and provide a new growth to plants . it is a proper media for seedling and start cutting
click on link below to watch video
https://youtu.be/uBgcX-zZ4Fo
Composting is nature's process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. Anything that was once living will decompose
Hydra Bio Compost is an effective product to accelerate vegetable matter degradation for Bio Compost making process. The product introduce aerobic action to prevent formation of toxic gases & bad odors.
More info: http://hydra-bio.com/soil-conditioner.html
Local Organics Improving Local Soils. Building a Large Scale Composting Busin...DiegoFooter
The El Corazon Compost Facility Partnership.
Recognizing that traditional methods of green waste disposal such as open burning or landfilling are both inefficient and environmentally unsound, the City of Oceanside partnered with Agri Service, Inc. in 1995 to develop an innovative public-private recycling program. This novel program set out to put incoming organic material to good use at fees below those of landfills. The result? Oceanside’s El Corazon Compost Facility, a landmark green waste compost facility authorized by the CalRecycle, a division of the California Department of Natural Resources.
At the El Corazon Compost Facility, we are dedicated to serving the environment from regional to individual levels by reducing landfill waste, creating beneficial soil amendments, and sharing the most up-to-date industry standards with our customers and the community.
Since its inception, the compost facility has processed over 1 million tons of green waste into high quality soil amendments, mulch and potting mixes. The facility’s success at matching incoming flow with outgoing sales of mulch and soil amendment products is renowned and ample evidence of how public-private partnerships can succeed at scale. Educational and community outreach programs as well as active industry involvement and job creation are further high points of the overall project.
Aerobic composting process, methods and technology and brief description on the conversion stages from mature compost into granule organic fertilizers. This article was presented before a steering committee in Jakarta in August 2012 on a MSW project.
Linking Compost With Biodiesel ProductionBiomystic
This is a presentation defining the benefits of linking compost production with biodiesel production in order to provide the food service industry with an economically viable zero waste solution.
Agricultural Microbiology: Role of microbes in soil fertilitySarthakMoharana
Description on different microbes which plays role in maintaining soil fertility.
Fertile soils teem with microorganisms, which directly contribute to the biological fertility of that soil.
Biological fertility is under-studied and our scientific knowledge of it is incomplete.
In addition to fertility, soil microorganisms also play essential roles in the nutrient cycles that are fundamentally important to life on the planet.
In the past, agricultural practices have failed to promote healthy populations of microorganisms, limiting production yields and threatening sustainability.
Scientific research is exploring new and exciting possibilities for the restoration and promotion of healthy microbial populations in the soil.
‘Soil is essential for the maintenance of biodiversity above and below ground. The wealth of biodiversity below ground is vast and unappreciated: millions of microorganisms live and reproduce in a few grams of topsoil, an ecosystem essential for life on earth…’
From: Australian Soils and Landscape, An Illustrated Compendium
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Compost, science behind it and the how and why of doing it
1.
2. A. Understand the various roles of compost on a farm
B. Have basic understanding of the processes involved
in decomposition
C. Learn how to make good compost pile and proper
application method
D. Understand the definition and importance of quality
“tilth” in soil
3. Anaerobic decomposition is the breakdown of raw
materials in the absence of oxygen and can be identified
by a distinct foul smell and a generally "slimy" feel.
Aerobic decomposition is the breakdown of raw
materials in which oxygen is present. This is the type of
decomposition that is relevant for composting.
4. Compost is the action and end result of decomposing organic materials in their raw form turning
into vitally important soil amendment that improves the overall quality tilth of soil.
Compost can be produced through the act of decomposing plant matter as
well as decomposing animal manure
7. Adds large amounts of humus to soil
Humus is a brown or black complex variable material resulting from partial decomposition
of plant or animal matter and forming the organic portion of soil
8. Increases soil fertility and stabilizes elements such
as nitrogen
http://msucares.com/crops/soils/nitrogen.html
10. Improves soil structure and ability to retain water or create
percolation of water through soil
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/soil-water-dynamics-59718900
11. Creates outlet for potentially harmful excess of raw
manure in animal based agriculture
12.
13. Decomposers 3 levels of consumers (organisms that feed on each other and the organic matter).
3rd Level
Macro
organisms
2nd Level
Meso organisms
Level
Micro organisms
1st
14. Bacteria
Bacteria are the smallest living organisms and the most numerous in compost; they
make up 80 to 90% of the billions of microorganisms typically found in a gram of
compost. Bacteria are responsible for most of the decomposition and heat
generation in compost. They are the most nutritionally diverse group of compost
organisms, using a broad range of enzymes to chemically break down a variety of
organic materials.
Fungi
Fungi include molds and yeasts, and collectively they are responsible for the
decomposition of many complex plant polymers in soil and compost. In compost,
fungi are important because they break down tough debris, enabling bacteria to
continue the decomposition process once most of the cellulose has been exhausted.
Actinomycetes
Actinomycetes are organisms that resemble fungi but actually are filamentous
bacteria. Like other bacteria, they lack nuclei, but they grow multicellular filaments
like fungi. In composting they play an important role in degrading complex organics
such as cellulose, lignin, chitin, and proteins.
http://compost.css.cornell.edu/microorg.html
16. Performs more complex decomposition roles such as the
breakdown of cellulose.
Fungi binds free particulates together improving overall
soil structure.
19. Heat pile by CO2 respiration
In the process of composting, microorganisms break down
organic matter and produce carbon dioxide,
water, heat, and humus.
20. 2nd Level Consumers (Meso-organisms)
Nematodes or roundworms: They are the most
abundant invertebrates in soil. Less than one
millimeter in length, they prey on bacteria, protozoa,
fungal spores and each other. Most nematodes in the
soil are beneficial
Fermentation mites or mold mites: These
transparent bodied creatures feed primarily on yeast
in fermenting masses or organic debris. They can
develop into seething masses over a fermenting
surface such as a winery, but are not pests in
compost.
Springtail: Along with nematodes & mites, they share numerical dominance among
soil invertebrates. They feed on fungi, nematodes and small bits of organic detritus.
They help control fungi.
http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/uk/d/Jii06be/3.5.html
21. 3rd Level Consumers (Macro-organisms)
Most macro-organisms feed on earlier inhabitants of the compost pile. They’re
beneficial in their support of the food chain inside the compost pile. Worms are a
very important part of the macro-organism family found in the compost pile.
Worm castings are the end result
of organic matter that has been
processed by worms
They also aerate the compost mix, which
introduces more oxygen, which in turn helps
the pile finish faster and decompose more
thoroughly.
22. Carbon to nitrogen ratio is important to overall viability and
health of pile. Initial ration should originally be 30:1 by
weight
27. A well-made compost
pile will go through
distinct three phases.
First, it will enter into
the mesophilic stage
(68-104 degrees
Fahrenheit). Second,
it will enter into the
thermophilic stage
(105-150+ degrees
Fahrenheit). Finally,
the pile will enter
into the maturation
stage (not indicated
on the graph).
http://www.compostjunkie.com/compost-thermometer.html
30. Five to seven tons of compost per acre is a
generally acceptable rate of application for field
dispersal
Intensive garden situations can use up to 10 tons
per acre
31. For a developed field, compost integration
should be no deeper than eight inches
8 in
18 in
33. Tilth is the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant
growth.
This refers to the general overall suitable nature of soil’s
capacity to grow and sustain cultivated plant life.
Compost is key to attaining a good soil structure and
maximum fertility. It is the foundation of organic
gardening.
34. Name several roles of compost on the farm.
What types of organisms help the decomposition
process?
Why is it important to turn a compost pile on a
regular basis?
35. • Recycles waste material on site
• Adds large amounts of humus to soil
• Increases soil fertility and stabilizes elements such as
nitrogen
• Hugely increases biological activity in soil
• Improves soil structure and ability to retain water or create
percolation of water
through soil
• Creates outlet for potentially harmful excess of raw manure in
animal based
agriculture
• Compost is a wonderful example of alchemy, changing waste
material into vitally important materials.
37. Turning the pile redistributes heat, biological
activity, and moisture content.
Turning a pile can finish compost up to 10 times
faster than letting a pile sit unturned.
