This document describes techniques for quick composting using Effective Microorganisms (EM). It explains that EM is a mixture of beneficial microbes that helps break down organic matter and enhances soil health. The document provides instructions for making an EM solution and using it to accelerate composting of various materials like cow dung and rice straw in 1 month instead of 3 months. Mixing materials in layers, adding EM solution, and turning the piles aids the aerobic decomposition process.

1. EM based Quick Composting
Techniques
Haseena Bibi
11-41-323

2. Contents
1. What is meant by Effective
Microorganisms(EM)?
2. EM-based quick composting
3. Preparation of EM solution

3. 1.Effective Microorganisms (EM)
• Microorganisms are crucial for
maintaining ecological
balance. They carry out
chemical processes that make
it possible for all other
organisms including humans to
live.
• There are friendly guys of
microbial worlds known as
beneficial microorganisms and
a not so friendly group called
pathogens that are harmful &
capable of producing disease,
decay & pollution.
E.M. is an abbreviation for Effective
Microorganisms.

4. EM origin

5. EM the natural product
• E.M. is a combined culture of aerobic
microorganisms (requiring oxygen to
survive) and anaerobic (requires no
oxygen to survive) that co-exist together
to the mutual advantage of both
(symbiosis).
• E.M combines with the existing
microorganisms within the soil. They work
together to build a healthy living soil.
• E.M is not toxic or pathogenic and is safe
for humans, animals and the environment.

6. EM in action
• suppress soil-borne pathogens,
• accelerate decomposition of organic wastes,
• increase availability of mineral nutrients & useful
organic compounds to plants,
• enhance activities of beneficial micro-organisms, e.g.,
mycorrhizae, nitrogen fixing bacteria.
• reduce need for chemical fertilisers & pesticides.
• EM helps to increase beneficial soil micro-organisms
& supression of harmful ones.

8. 2.EM-based quick composting
• Effective micro-organisms (EM) consist of
common & food-grade aerobic &
anaerobic micro-organisms:
photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus,
streptomyces, actinomycetes, yeast, etc.
• Strains of micro-organisms are
commonly available from microbe
banks or from environment.
• There are no genetically engineered
strains that are in use.

9. Raw materials for organic
fertiliser production
• The raw materials for organic fertilizer production are:
MATERIALS AMOUNT
Cow dung 2 portions
Rice husk 1 portion
Rice husk-charcoal 1 portion
Rice bran, milled 1 portion
Accelerator 33 litres of EM solution or
Trichoderma solution per pit

10. Cow dung Rice husk Rice husk-
charcoal
Rice bran,
milled
Accelerator
2 portions 1 portion 1 portion 1 portion 33 litres of EM
solution or
Trichoderma
solution per pit

11. 3.Preparation of EM solution
• 1 litre of 'instant solution' is made by
mixing 10 ml of EM, 40 ml of molasses & 950
ml of water & leaving it for five to seven
days, depending on temperature.
• Solution is then added to 1 litre of
molasses & 98 litres of water to obtain 100
litres of ready-to-use EM solution.
• This amount is enough for three pits.
• EM solution functioning as accelerator
reduces composting period from three
months to one month.

13. Procedure
• All ingredients are mixed together, except
accelerator.
• A 15 cm layer of mixture is spread in pit &
accelerator is sprinkled on it.
• This procedure is repeated until pit is full.
• Pit is covered with plastic sheet.
• Two or three weeks later, whole pit is mixed
in order to boost aerobic decomposition.

14. • Compost is ready to use a couple of weeks later.
• A pit produces 900 kg of final product per batch.
• Product is usually packed in 30-kg plastic bags.
• Assuming that it takes 30 days on average to
produce a batch , the annual potential
production capacity is 86.4 tonnes (0.9 tonnes × 8
pits × 12 months).

15. Accelerator
EM solution or
Trichoderma
solution per pit

16. Raw materials for compost
production(Rice Straw)
• The raw materials for compost
production are:
-Rice straw
-Farmyard manure
-Urea fertilizer
-EM solution

17. Rice straw
-Urea fertilizer
-
Farmyard manure
EM solution

18. Procedure
• Straw is stacked in layers of 20 cm height, 1 m width,
& 5 m length to form a pile.
• A unit pile is about 5 m (length) × 1 m (width) × 1 m
(height) in size.
• Pile is sprinkled with water for adequate moisture
content, followed by addition of manure layer 5 cm
high, & sprinkling of few handfuls of urea (100-200 g).
• EM solution is sprinkled to accelerate aerobic
decomposition.

19. • This procedure is repeated until pile is
about 1 m high & then it is covered with
plastic sheet.
• Pile is turned after two weeks & then again
after another week.
• Normally, compost is ready two weeks
later when heap has cooled down and
height of pile has fallen to about 70 cm.

21. Composting Process
• EM will speed up composting process
significantly with research showing
overall timeframe can be decrease by up
to 30%, it allows to get compost into
soil quicker & also generate more
compost over course of season.

23. REFERENCE
• agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_
effective%20microorganism.html
• http://www.emnz.com/industries/horticultur
e/composting-with-em.cfm