Composting is nature's process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. Anything that was once living will decompose
Harness nature’s secret to healthy, fertile soil. Everyone can take advantage of basic composting techniques to improve soil quality and reduce waste. In this class we will discuss the advantages of various composting methods, and provide you with ideas for improving your soil to produce healthier, more vigorous plants.
Bio- composting is a natural process in which microorganisms are breaks the organic waste matter into valuable humus . Humus is rich in nutrients that are required by plants to their growth.
In order to make the best use of the agricultural waste which is generated in our farm. There are some techniques and methods to make the best use of these wastes into a source of nutrient for plant growth and development.
Composting is nature's process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. Anything that was once living will decompose
Harness nature’s secret to healthy, fertile soil. Everyone can take advantage of basic composting techniques to improve soil quality and reduce waste. In this class we will discuss the advantages of various composting methods, and provide you with ideas for improving your soil to produce healthier, more vigorous plants.
Bio- composting is a natural process in which microorganisms are breaks the organic waste matter into valuable humus . Humus is rich in nutrients that are required by plants to their growth.
In order to make the best use of the agricultural waste which is generated in our farm. There are some techniques and methods to make the best use of these wastes into a source of nutrient for plant growth and development.
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...AmandeepSingh1590
I'm student of Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib, Sirhind (Punjab).
My district is Sangrur (Punjab),Teh - Dhuri, Village - Ghanaur kalan.
I'm Student of Masters of Fruit Science.
Mobile no. 6284235755
This slide is all about compost . composting is the method to put life in the soil. It fertilizes the soil and provide a new growth to plants . it is a proper media for seedling and start cutting
click on link below to watch video
https://youtu.be/uBgcX-zZ4Fo
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of common organic manures - Bone meal, cow dung, poultry wastes, oil cakes, organic mixtures, compost and vermicompost, vermiwash , advantages and disadvantages of composting & vermicomposting.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
Solid Waste Compost Plant - DCC Infra, Composting is a natural process that turns organic materials into dark substances. A Thai substance called humus is a wonderful conditioner for soil. Organic Waste Composter, Organic Waste Composting, Waste Composting Machine, Organic Waste Composter, Composting Machine, OWC Machines
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
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2. Organic compost
Represented To:
Dr. Abdulrahman
Represented By:
Muhammad Shahzad Alam
BAGF14E301
Department of Agronomy
University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha
4. Compost
“Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed
and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment”.
•Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.
•End product of the decomposition of organic matter.
7. Introduction
Organic Compost is usually made by gathering plant
material, such as leaves, grass clippings, and
vegetable peels, into a pile or bin and letting.
It decompose as a result of the action of aerobic
bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.
Composting is an ancient agriculture technology
going back to biblical time that still has importance in
modern agriculture.
8. Conti…
Compost enables dairymen and livestock owners to
reduce the volume of manure leaving their operation.
provides a source of nutrients and organic matter for
surrounding farms.
11. Cold composting
•Cold composting is one of the easiest forms of
composting.
•Many beneficial nutrients in cold compost remain
uncompromised by high temperatures.
• The process is slower.
•Once established, the cold composting bins will provide
you with a continuous supply of lawn and garden food.
13. Hot composting
• A hot pile requires enough high-nitrogen materials to
get the pile to heat up.
• Microbial activity within the compost pile is at its
optimum level, which results in finished compost in a
much shorter period of time.
• It requires some special equipment, as well as time
and diligence.
14. Conti…
Temperatures rising in a hot-compost pile come from
the activity of numerous organisms breaking down
organic matter.
18. 1. Aerobic composting
• This means to compost with air.
• Organic waste will break down quickly and is not
prone to smell.
• This type of composting is high maintenance, since it
will need to be turned every couple days to keep air in
the system and your temperatures up.
19. Conti…
• It is also likely to require accurate moisture
monitoring.
• This type of compost is good for large volumes of
compost.
21. 2. Anaerobic composting
• This is composting without air.
• Anaerobic composting is low maintenance since
you simply throw it in a pile and wait a couple
years.
• Compost may take years to break down.
• Anaerobic composts create the awful smell most
people associate with composting.
• The bacteria break down the organic materials into
harmful compounds like ammonia and methane.
23. 3. Vermicomposting
• This is most beneficial for composting food waste
with worms.
• Oxygen and moisture are required to keep this
compost healthy.
• This is medium maintenance compost since you need
to feed your worms and monitor the conditions.
25. Methods of composting
Four method are useful for on-farm composting.
The passively aerated static pile method
The aerated static pile method
The turned pile method.
The in-vessel method.
26. Turned pile method.
• A unit pile is about 5(l)
×1(w) ×1(h) m3 in size.
• Straw is stacked in layers of
20 cm height, 1 m width, and
5 m length to form a pile.
• The pile is sprinkled with
water (Plate 1) for adequate
moisture content, followed by
addition of a FYM layer 5
cm high.
1. Compost pile in preparation
27. 2. The pile is covered with a
plastic sheet after attaining
the desired height
• And the sprinkling of a
few handfuls of urea
(100-200 g).
• EM solution is
sprinkled to accelerate
aerobic decomposition.
28. • The pile is turned after
two weeks (Plate 3)
and then again after
another week.
• Normally, the
compost is ready two
weeks later when the
heap has cooled down
and the height of the
pile has fallen to about
70 cm.
3.The pile is being turned
30. Aerated Static Pile
Composting
In aerated static pile composting, organic waste is
mixed together in one large pile instead of rows.
To aerate the pile, layers of loosely piled bulking
agents (e.g., wood chips, shredded newspaper) are
added so that air can pass from the bottom to the top
of the pile.
The piles also can be placed over a network of pipes
that deliver air into or draw air out of the pile.
Air blowers might be activated by a timer or a
temperature sensors.
32. In-vessel composting
In-vessel composting generally describes a group of
methods that confine the composting materials within
a building, container, or vessel.
In-vessel composting systems can consist of metal or
plastic tanks or concrete bunkers in which air flow
and temperature can be controlled, using the
principles of a "bioreactor".
33. Conti…
Generally the air circulation is metered in via buried
tubes that allow fresh air to be injected under
pressure, with the exhaust being extracted through
a biofilter, with temperature and moisture conditions
monitored using probes in the mass to allow
maintenance of optimum aerobic decomposition
conditions.
35. Application of Compost
Five to seven tons of compost per acre is a generally
acceptable rate of application for field dispersal.
Intensive garden situations can use up to 10 tons per
acre.
36. 18 in
For a developed field, compost integration should be
no deeper than eight inches.
8 in
37. Compost should
be applied in the
spring prior to
planting
Midseason as an
amendment side
dress
And in fall prior
to cover
cropping
Compost should be applied 3 times…
39. Conti…
Recycles waste material on site.
Adds large amounts of humus to soil.
Increases soil fertility and stabilizes elements such as
nitrogen.
Hugely increases biological activity in soil.
Creates outlet for potentially harmful excess of raw
manure in animal based agriculture.
Compost is a wonderful example of alchemy,
changing waste material into vitally important
materials.
40. Conclusion
In organic cropping systems, compost provides a
primary source of nutrients for the crop.
In conventional cropping systems, compost provides
a supplementary nitrogen source that compliments
fertilizer nitrogen to provide a more sustainable
farming system.
Compost enables dairymen and livestock owners to
reduce the volume of manure leaving their operation
and provides a source of nutrients and organic matter
for surrounding farms.
