in this topic the technique of chest physiotherapy, indications, contradications of chest physiotherapy are explained. different positions used in postural drainage are briefed.
in this topic the technique of chest physiotherapy, indications, contradications of chest physiotherapy are explained. different positions used in postural drainage are briefed.
this topic is on assitive ambulatory devices and their usage.
includes cane walking, walker walking and crutch walking and different types off crutch gaits.
this PPT contains all the detailed information about walking aids including types, measurements, advantages & disadvantages, gait training with specific aid, etc.
this topic explains the nature of pain, signs and symptoms of pain, different types of pain, factors influencing pain, assessment of pain and pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain.
this topic is on assitive ambulatory devices and their usage.
includes cane walking, walker walking and crutch walking and different types off crutch gaits.
this PPT contains all the detailed information about walking aids including types, measurements, advantages & disadvantages, gait training with specific aid, etc.
this topic explains the nature of pain, signs and symptoms of pain, different types of pain, factors influencing pain, assessment of pain and pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine. A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down.
The wearing down of the protective tissue at the ends of bones (cartilage) occurs gradually and worsens over time.
Joint pain in the hands, neck, lower back, knees or hips is the most common symptom.
Medication, physiotherapy and sometimes surgery can help reduce pain and maintain joint movement.
social cognition domains and impairment.pptxDoha Rasheedy
Social cognition refers to a set of neurocognitive processes underlying the individuals’ ability to “make sense of others’ behavior” as a “crucial prerequisite of social interaction” The different psychological processes by which we perceive, interpret, and process social information about ourselves and others. These processes allow people to understand social behavior and respond in ways that are appropriate and beneficial Social cognitive impairments are a prominent concern, or even a core facet, of several neurodegenerative (e.g., behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia), neuropsychiatric (e.g., schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder), and neurodevelopmental (e.g., autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) conditions, and often occur after acute brain damage (e.g., traumatic brain injury and stroke). Moreover, such deficits are critical predictors of functional outcomes because they affect the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships, thereby removing their benefits in everyday life Social cognitive disturbances might be relatively subtle and harder to detect informally. Structured social cognitive assessment is, therefore , mandated.
Basic of geriatrics and internal medicine for physiotherapistDoha Rasheedy
collection of lectures for physiotherapy undergraduate students including notes of common health issues (frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, neuropsychiatric issues, constipation, metabolic syndrome and its components, orthostatic hypotension, CLD, CKD, anemia, immobilization, dizziness, falls, fatigue) and how to handle in practice.
summary of age related changes and geriatric pharmacology, safe analgesic prescription in elderly
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Immobility
1. Immobility
Dr. DoHA RASHEEDY ALY
Lecturer of Geriatric Medicine
Department of Geriatric and Gerontology
Ain Shams University
2.
3. Bed rest benefits in acute
conditions
• Reduces oxygen needs
• Decreases pain levels
• Helps in regaining of strength
• Uninterrupted rest has psychological and
emotional benefits
5. Unfortunately!!!!!!
• the health-care system tends to
promote immobility in patients.
• Patients are frequently restrained by
either physical restraints, chemical
restraints (sedatives), or treatment
restraints (IV, oxygen, catheters).
• Deconditioning occurs at a faster rate
than reconditioning.
6. • Immobilization – physical restriction of
movement to body or a body segment
• Deconditioning – decreased functional
capacity of multiple organ systems
7. AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN MOBILITY
• Normal gait is dependent on the integrity
and interaction of three components:
1. Locomotion.
2. Balance.
3. The ability to adapt to the environment
8. Walking speed
• The gait is 20% slower natural velocity is
secondary to reduction in stride length and
that cadence (steps per minute) is well
maintained.
• Reduced gait speed has been advocated
as a marker of frailty
9. Gait initiation
• Gait initiation is well preserved in healthy
older people.
• Abnormalities of gait initiation are a
sensitive but not specific sign of disease
processes in older people, such as
Parkinson’s disease, multiple cerebral
infarcts
10. Rising from a chair
• Reduced range of motion in the hips,
pelvis, knees, and spine is common with
aging and impedes the initial shift of the
total body center of mass over the feet.
• Weakness of the hip girdle muscles is
also a frequent finding in older people, a
manifestation of deconditioning, and those
affected may need to use their arms to
help themselves upwards.
13. • Acute and chronic pain
• Deconditioning (after prolonged bed rest from acute illness)
• Malnutrition
• Severe systemic illness (e.g., widespread malignancy)
• Drug side effects (e.g., antipsychotic-induced rigidity,
Sedatives and hypnotics, by causing drowsiness and ataxia,
blurred vision by anticholinergic, postural hypotension
diuertics , vasodilators)
• Sensory factors Impairment of vision
15. Environmental causes
• Forced immobility (in hospitals and nursing
homes)
• Inadequate aids for mobility.
• Poor lightening.
16. Effects of Immobility
• Phisiologically
– No body system is immune to affects of
immobility
– Effects depend upon a client’s health, age,
and degree of immobility
17. COMPLICATIONS
• Decreased mobility and increased bed-
rest adversely affect almost every system
of the body.
• Prolonged inactivity or bed rest has
adverse physical and psychological
consequences
19. Skin
• Trauma to fragile skin, including ecchymosis
and skin tears, occur when elders need
more assistance getting up and down;
• Immobility threatens healthy skin integrity
and can become severe enough to result in
pressure ulcers; The first sign of this is
redness that won't blanch
• .
21. Musculoskeletal
• Muscle: disuse atrophy "if you don't use it, you'll
lose it,"
Loss of muscle strength, Muscle atrophy (begins after 1 day of
immobilization. 1-3%/day Muscles may lose half of their bulk after 2
months)
• Bone: increased bone resorption (osteoporosis)
Increased risk of fracture, dorsal kyphosis, and chronic
back pain 1% loss of vertebral mineral content per week)
22. • Joints:
• Immobilization can induce cartilage degeneration.
The body attempts to repair joints through cartilage
proliferation, osteophyte formation, and fibrofatty
infiltration of the joint cavity.
• Contractures (contributing factors include spasticity,
improper bed positioning, and maintaining the limb in
a shortened position) Muscles, CT that cross two
joints are at increased risk for contractures.
development of contractures, further impaired
mobility, resulting in more joint tightness and
contractures.
• Joint stiffness and pain :if joints are not given
adequate full range of motion. The stiffness is due to
tightness of the muscles and tissues surrounding the
joints.
25. Cardiovascular
↑
1) decreased coronary
blood flow and
heart rate (1 beat/ decreased O2
minute every 2 days) available to cardiac
2ry to increased sympathetic activity muscles
↓
decrease in diastolic filling time 1)•
and a decreased systolic ejection
2)↓ CO, SV
time2).
26. • Orthostatic hypotension (begins after 3
weeks of bed rest ) due to:
1. excessive pooling of blood in the lower
extremities
2. decreased circulating blood volume
• 20 days of bed rest may lead to a 25%
decrease in stroke volume and a 20%
increase in heart rate.
27. Gastrointestinal
• Constipation
– weakening of the abdominal wall muscles,
leading to difficulty in raising the intra-
abdominal pressure sufficiently for defecation
– loss of privacy and embarrassment if toilet
assistance is needed.
– Bowel irregularity may produce abdominal
discomfort, as well as cause loss of appetite.
28. Endocrine
• Decreased basal metabolic rate (which can lead to diuresis, natriuresis,
and fluid shifts(↓plasma volume)
• Negative nitrogen balance
• Glucose intolerance
• Hypercalcemia (symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, abdominal
pain, nausea, malaise, headache, polydipsia, polyuria, lethargy,and
coma). Symptoms may occur within 2–4 weeks.
• Decreased parathyroid hormone
• Increased plasma renin activity
• Increased aldosterone secretion
• Altered growth hormone production
• Altered spermatogenesis and androgen secretion
• Altered circadian rhythm
29. • Urinary loss of:
– Nitrogen – (begins day 5-6, peaks at 2 weeks)
– Calcium – (begins day 2-3, peaks at 4-6
weeks)
– Phosphorus
• Reversible post mobilization
30. Pulmonary
• ↓strength of respiratory muscles→↓tidal volume , minute volume,
respiratory capacity
• ↑respiratory rate to compensate for decreased respiratory capacity
• ↓ability to clear secretions (cough reflex)
Accumulation of secretions in the lower bronchial tree, which can block airways,
cause atelectasis and increase the risk of pneumonia.
31. psychological
• Increased immobility may result in a loss
of independence and can cause the elder
client to have a sense of isolation and
even depression as they become less able
to navigate their world
• Behavior disturbances
• Anxiety
• Sleep disturbances
32. Immobility often cannot be prevented, but
many of its adverse effects can be
• Optimize the treatment of underlying diseases.
• For ulcer prevention:
– Proper positioning, change positions at least every two hours
– Air mattress, keep skin dry and clean
34. For contracture prevention
• Do stretching and range-of-
motion exercises to each of the
joints everyday, and several
times a day( active better than
passive).
• Maintain proper body
alignment, therapeutic splints.
• Pain control , treatment of
spasticity.
41. Methods of Airway Secretions
Elimination
• Oral, nasal, or transtracheal suctioning
• Chest percussion and postural drainage
• Flutter mucus clearance devices
• Mechanical vibration devices to the chest
wall
42.
43. • Maintain an adequate fluid intake (thick
secretion ,constipation, UTI, renal stones,
dehydration, clotting.
• Nutritional support
• High protein, high calorie diet
• Supplemental vitamin C
• Vitamin B complex
• Psychological support.
44. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMNET OF
IMMORBILE OLDER PATIENTS
Medalities
1. Assessment of mobility
2. Bed mobility
3. Transfers
4. Wheelchair propulsion
Assessment of other ADL using actual or simulated environments
1. Dressing
2. Toileting
3. Bathing and personal hygiene
4. Cooking and cleaning
Visit home for enviornmental assessment and recommentations for adaptation
1. Recommend and teach use of assisitive devices (cane, crutches)
2. Recommend and teach use of safety devices (e.g., grab bars and railing, raised toilet seats,
shower chairs)