2. Degrees of mobility
• Complete immobility e.g. unconscious
patient
• Partial mobility e.g. patient with fracture
3. Physiological responses of immobility
• Musculoskeletal system
• Cardiovascular system
• Respiratory system
• Metabolic and nutrition
• Urinary system
• Fecal elimination
• Neurosensory system
• Integumentry system
4. Musculoskeletal system
• Decrease in muscle strength
• Decrease in physical stability
• Muscle atrophy
• Osteoporosis
• Stiff painful joints
• Muscle contracture
18. Psychological responses of immobility
• Social, emotional and intellectual changes
• Self concept changes
• Feeling of worthlessness and hopelessness
• Impaired decision making and problem
solving abilities
19. Pressure Ulcer
• Is impaired in skin integrity resulting from decrease
mobility and direct pressure occurring most frequently
over bony prominence
• It is a wound with a localized area if tissue necrosis
• Other names: Docubitus ulcer, bed sores
• Pressure is the most prominent cause
20. Predisposing factors increase the possibility
of pressure sores:
• Immobility and lack of normal movement
• Friction and moisture
• Poor personal hygiene
• Decrease level of consciousness
• Advance Age
• Malnutrition
• Immunosuppression
• Edema
21.
22.
23.
24. Principles of Pressure Management
• Maximize the surface area
• Redistribute body weight
• Training for pressure relief
• Dietary instruction
• Instruction for lifting/ transferring
• Personal hygiene and skin care