The document discusses techniques for teaching communicative language skills. It addresses increasing student talking time through pair and group work activities. Pair work involves students thinking, sharing with a partner, and sharing with the class. Group work provides more listening time, fun, and exchange of ideas. Challenges with group work like using the native language can be addressed by assigning roles and focusing on cooperation over accuracy. The document also discusses teaching speaking and listening skills through information gap, opinion gap, and fluency activities while addressing challenges students and teachers face and providing possible solutions.

1. COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING m n R A J U

2. NECESSITIES FOR LEARNING LANGUAGE EXPOSURE MOTIVATION USE INSTRUCTION ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE

3. Number of Working Days? Duration of the Class? Student-talk-time in a class? Number of Students? How much time does a typical student get to USE English in a whole year?

4. HOW TO STUDENT USE TIME IN THE CLASS? INCREASE

5. STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING VS. TEACHER CENTERED TEACHNG S tudent T alk T ime vs. T eacher T alk T ime

6. INSTRUCTION PATTERNS Teacher Talk Choral Response Close-ended Teacher Questioning Open-ended Teacher Questioning Full Class Interaction Student Initiated Questioning Group Work Pair Work (Collaboration) Individual Work Self Access Student Centered Least Most

7. ‘ Tell me, I forget; Show me, I remember; Involve me, I understand.’

8. PAIR WORK What is it? How is it done? Have you ever used it?

9. PAIR WORK - ADVANTAGES THINK – make notes form PAIRS SHARE with Partner SHARE with Class

10. PAIR WORK - ADVANTAGES Greater opportunity for USE Learners gain confidence/overcome fear Real time feedback/response Peer learning Cooperation – a life skill

11. PAIR WORK - REVIEW T HINK P AIR S HARE CLASS SHARE

12. GROUP WORK What is it? How is it done? Have you ever used it?

13. GROUP WORK - ADVANTAGES More S T T More listening time More fun Exchange of ideas Seeing others’ point of view Improved social skills Improved problem solving skills

14. GROUP WORK - PROBLEMS Students use mother tongue Teacher loses control Noisy classes Too much confusion Students don’t perform the task

15. SOLUTIONS English advocate! Specific roles to group members Productive noise Errors - inevitable in the learning process Increase the learners’ confidence Fluency promotion (not accuracy practice) Cooperation is a useful life skill

16. GROUP WORK - REVIEW Explain the activity Arrange the groups Set time limit Give example/demonstration Move & Monitor Follow up Discuss the activity

17. TEACHING SPEAKING nagaRAJU

18. For Students: lack of language skills lack of confidence insufficient exposure fear of failure lack of motivation not an examination task PROBLEMS

19. For Teachers: large classes limited time low entry level skills uninterested students lack of infrastructure PROBLEMS

20. speak as much English as possible teach necessary language for the activity demonstrate an example repeat instructions in a different way ask a learner to repeat instructions encourage learners to support each other aim at fluency don’t immediately correct mistakes suggest corrections at the end of the class give encouragement to motivate learners POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

21. SPEAKING ACTIVITIES INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITIES OPINION GAP ACTIVITIES PREFERENCE LINE ACTIVITIES FLUENCY ACTIVITIES

22. TEACHING LISTENING nagaRAJU

23. for gathering main ideas for drawing inferences for practicing pronunciation for taking notes for answering questions WHY LISTEN?

24. LISTENING TASKS Get general information Get specific information Accomplish a task Complete a diagram Fill a table

25. Always give the task BEFORE the listening

26. ALL THE BEST [email_address]