This document provides an overview of communication skills, including definitions of communication, the key elements of listening, speaking, reading and writing. It discusses active listening and its five key elements. It also outlines techniques for active reading like underlining, note-taking, and the SQ3R method. Key elements of writing like vocabulary, sentence structure and punctuation are mentioned. Finally, it discusses grammar and some common state verbs.

1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS M. S. Xavier Pradheep Singh Assistant Professor Postgraduate Department of English V. O. Chidambaram College Thoothukudi - 628008

2. Make as many words as possible from

4. What is communication ?

5. Exchange of information

6. Art of being understood

7. Information gap filler COMMUNICATION Hi Rose, Where are you going? To the park, Jack Information Gap

8. Features of Communication

10. Communication Skills Listening Speaking Writing Reading

11. "We are given two ears but only one mouth, because listening is twice as hard as talking." Listening

12. Six Basic Stages of Listening Process

13. These stages occur in sequence, generally with little awareness, often in a rapid succession

14. Three Basic Listening Modes

15. Competitive / Combative Listening Happens when we are more interested in promoting our own point of view than in understanding someone else’s view We listen for finding weak points to attack We pretend to pay attention We are impatiently waiting and planning our destructive reply that will destroy their argument and make us the victor

16. Passive / Attentive Listening We are genuinely interested in hearing and understanding the other person’s point of view We are attentive and passively listen We assume that we heard and understand correctly but stay passive and do not verify it

17. Active / Reflective Listening The most useful and important listening mode We are genuinely interested in understanding the other person’s message We are active in checking out our understanding before we respond with our own new message We restate our understanding of their message and reflect it back to the sender for verification This verification process distinguishes active listening and makes it effective

18. Become an Active Listener There are five key elements of active listening They ensure that you hear the other person, and that the other person knows you are hearing what they are saying

19. Become an Active Listener Pay attention Give the speaker your undivided attention and acknowledge the message Look at the speaker directly Put aside distracting thoughts Avoid being distracted by environmental factors “ Listen” to the speaker’s body language Refrain from side conversations when listening in a group setting

20. Become an Active Listener Show that you are listening Use your own body language and gestures to convey your attention Nod occasionally Smile and use other facial expressions Note your posture and make sure it is open and inviting Encourage the speaker to continue with small verbal comments like ‘yes’

21. Become an Active Listener Provide feedback Our personal assumptions, judgments, and beliefs can distort what we hear. Understand what is being said. You may require to reflect what is being said and ask questions. Reflect what has been said by paraphrasing. “What I’m hearing is…” and “Sounds like you are saying…” are great ways to reflect back. Ask questions to clarify certain points. “What do you mean when you say…” “Is this what you mean?” Summarize the speaker’s comments periodically

22. Become an Active Listener Postpone judgment Interrupting is a waste of time. It frustrates the speaker and limits full understanding of the message Allow the speaker to finish Don’t interrupt with counter-arguments

23. Become an Active Listener Respond Appropriately Active listening is a model for respect and understanding. You are gaining information and perspective. Be candid, open, and honest in your response Assert your opinions respectfully Treat the other person as he or she would want to be treated

24. Answer these questions When was the earth born? Who hold the key to the origin of life? Where is Ethiopia? What is the meaning of Erta Ale?

25. Speaking “ Two monologues do not make a dialogue” Jeff Daly

26. Speaking is the productive skill in the oral mode

27. Three Kinds of Speaking Situations

28. Key Elements Pronunciation Vocabulary Sentence structures Context

34. Reading “ Not all readers are leaders, but all leaders are readers.” - Harry S. Truman

35. Reading Skill Reading is the receptive skill in the written mode. Reading can help build vocabulary that helps listening comprehension at the later stages, particularly.

36. Active Reading When you're reading for your course, you need to make sure you're actively involved with the text. It's a waste of your time to just passively read. Always make notes to keep up your concentration and understanding.

37. Tips for Active Reading Underlining and Highlighting Pick out the most important parts of what you are reading Use different colours to highlight different aspects of what you're reading

38. Tips for Active Reading Note key words Record the main headings as you read Use one or two keywords for each point When you don't want to mark the text, keep a folder of notes you make while reading

39. SQ3R Technique

40. SQ3R Survey Gather the information you need to focus on the work and set goals Read the title to help prepare for the subject Read the introduction or summary to see what the author thinks are the key points Notice the boldface headings to see what the structure is Notice any maps, graphs or charts. Notice the reading aids, italics, bold face, questions at the end of the chapter

41. SQ3R Question Help your mind to engage and concentrate Your mind is engaged in learning when it is actively looking for answers to questions Try turning the boldface headings into questions you think the section should answer

42. SQ3R Read Read the first section with your questions in mind Look for the answers, and make up new questions if necessary

43. SQ3R Recall After each section, stop and think back to your questions See if you can answer them from memory If not, take a look back at the text

44. SQ3R Review Once you have finished the whole chapter, go back over all the questions from all the headings See if you can still answer them If not, look back and refresh your memory

45. Writing “ Writing is the best way to talk without being interrupted.” Jules Renard

46. Process Writing is a process of addition The more you add, the more it becomes sharp Words in an appropriate order strengthen a sentence Inappropriate order collapses a sentence

47. Key Elements Vocabulary Sentence structures Punctuations

48. Arrange the words in order Mark birthday present When will you his ? give

49. Rearrange the sentences 1 6 Venice is strange and beautiful city in the north of Italy. There are about four hundred old stone bridges joining the island. These small islands are near one another. It is not one island but a hundred and seventeen islands. This is because Venice has no streets. In this city there are no motor-cars, no horses and no buses.

50. Grammar “ Grammar is the logic of speech, even as logic is the grammar of reason.” Richard Chenevix Trench

51. "My Heart Will Go On . . ." Titanic Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you. That is how I know you. Go on. Far across the distance and spaces between us You have come to show you. Go on. Near, Far, wherever you are, I believe that the heart does go on. Once more you opened the door And you're here in my heart, and my heart will go on and on. Love can touch us one time and last for lifetime And never let go till we're gone. Love was when I loved you, one true time I hope to In my life we'll always go on.

52. "My Heart Will Go On . . ." Titanic Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you. That is how I know you. Go on. Far across the distance and spaces between us You have come to show you. Go on. Near, Far, wherever you are , I believe that the heart does go on. Once more you open ed the door And you 're here in my heart, and my heart will go on and on. Love can touch us one time and last for lifetime And never let go till we 're gone. Love was when I love d you, one true time I hope to In my life we'll always go on.

53. "My Heart Will Go On . . ." Titanic Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you. That is how I know you. Go on. Far across the distance and spaces between us You have come to show you. Go on. Near, Far, wherever you are, I believe that the heart does go on. Once more you opened the door And you're here in my heart, and my heart will go on and on. Love can touch us one time and last for lifetime And never let go till we're gone. Love was when I love d you, one true time I hope to In my life we'll always go on.

54. State Verbs

55. State Verbs Verbs expressing love / hate: desire, hate, like, love, forget Verbs expressing need: need, want Verbs about our understanding: know, realize, believe, remember Verbs about perception: hear, notice, see, look, seem, sound, smell, recognise Verbs about possessing: belong, have, own Also: cost, depend, fit, include, matter, mean

56. State Verbs Some verbs are state verbs in some situations but action verbs in other situations Verbs State Verbs Action verbs Have They have lots of friends. They’re having a party Hope I hope you are well. I’m hoping to visit Feel It feels smooth. I’m feeling sad Look She looks tired She is looking at the painting

57. Any Queries? You can also contact me at [email_address] Visit our Department’s website: http://sites.google.com/site/englishdepartmentvoccollege/

58. Thank you