The document discusses 5 dimensions of communication: meanings, message channels, roles, feedback, and listening. It covers verbal and non-verbal communication channels and how body language, appearance, gestures, and other non-verbal cues convey important messages. Effective listening is important for accomplishing tasks with fewer misunderstandings and building quality relationships. Factors like age, gender, traits, and distractions can influence listening. The document also discusses upward, downward, and horizontal communication in organizations.

1. COMMUNICATION
IN
MANAGEMENT
By: Amanda McGinnis & Cherise Lawrence

2. 5 DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Phenomenology

1. Meanings are interpreted by people, not the words.
Slang

2. Message Channels
Verbal and nonverbal communication

3. Roles
Difference in status between two individuals

4. Feedback
A response from the receiver to the sender to show you

understand what they are saying
5. Listening
More than just hearing, requires active attention.


3. MESSAGE CHANNELS
Verbal

Speech

 Written
 Technology
Ex: Email

Non-Verbal

Body Language

 Actions
 Visual Symbols
 Environments

4. ROLES
Receivers & Senders

Feedback-message the sender receives back from its

partner.
In form of:

 Eye Contact
 Verbal Response
 Nods
 Shows you are listening

5. LISTENING
Requires active attention and Avoiding Distractions

to understand and remember the message.
 Pay attention to speaker both verbal and non-verbal
communication.
 Give feedback to show you understand the
message.
 When listening to employee:
Be empathetic

 Don’t judge

6. Language Paralanguage
VS.
Paralanguage-way the

Language-words we

words are said
speak Includes

Inflection

Rate

What am I Volume

saying? Pronunciation & Fluency

Fluency-using “um” or “ya

know”
Pronunciation-change

accent to relate to people.
Silence

Sometimes get more

information by saying
nothing.

7. WAYS TO IMPROVE VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Avoid Confusion when choosing words.

 Be brief and precise
 Know when to use redundancy.
 Choose right time and place
“Be sincere; be brief; be seated”.
-Franklin Delano Roosevelt

8. NON-VERBAL
Four Functions

Express Emotion

Facial Expressions & Hands

Communicates the nature of the relationship

Personal Space-be comfortable

Affects Verbal Meanings

words & actions agree = strong message

 words & actions disagree = feeling of uneasiness
Substitutes or replaces verbal communication

When not appropriate to speak

 Signals
 Eye Rolling

9. 7 WAYS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Appearance

Dress for status

 Look Appealing
Posture & Positioning

Says a lot about personality & state of mind

Attentive=alertness, poise, interest

 Slouching=bored, submission
Proxemics

How far people space themselves from another person

Personal Space


10. 7 WAYS OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION (CONTINUED)
Touching

Not popular in western cultures

Handshake

Gestures

Not all universal

Facial Expression & Eye Contact

Facial expression-most easily recognized

 Eye contact shows
Wish to communicate

 Shows feedback
 Puts others under pressure

11. 7 WAYS OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION (CONT’D)
Chronemics

Concerns the things that people communicate through

their use of time.
Casually late, prompt for work, ect.


12. IMPORTANCE OF LISTENING
Effectiveness listening helps you accomplish tasks

with fewer misunderstandings.
Get accurate Information

The quality of your relationships is affected by the

quality of your listening skills
Shows sincere interest.


13. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE LISTENING
Age

 Gender
 Personal Traits
 Physical/Psychological States
 Noise & External Distractions

14. HURIER LISTENING MODEL
Hearing

 Understanding
 Remembering
 Interpreting
 Evaluating
 Responding

15. IMPROVING LISTENING SKILLS
Pay attention to speaker

 Let speaker know that you are paying attention
 Listen to the entire Message
 Take Notes
 Practice Mnemonic Techniques
Imagery

Mnemonic Devices


16. COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATIONS
Upward Communication

Way for managers stay in touch with the attitudes &

opinions of subordinates
 Improve upward communication:
encourage staff to communicate.

 Respond
 Avoid communication barriers
Downward Communication

Formal communication links from person of higher

status to a person of lower status.

17. COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATIONS
(CONTINUED)
Downward Communication

Formal communication links from person of higher

status to a person of lower status.
 Ways to Improve
Establish Trust

 Get to know employees
 Be honest
 Explain to them
 Use Redundancy & Multiple Times
 Make the message important to the employees
 Don’t Overload

18. COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATIONS
(CONT’D)
Horizontal Communication

Reward good horizontal communication

 Make sure interdepartmental competition is constructive
Informal Communication Network

 The “Grapevine”
 Rumars start this way and should be defused immediately