Communication is the exchange of ideas, facts, opinions or emotions to create mutual understanding. The communication process involves a sender encoding and transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver who decodes it. Barriers to effective communication include physical barriers, psychological barriers like tuning out opposing ideas, language problems, and nonverbal distractions. Communication can be improved by providing feedback, avoiding grandstanding, and using appropriate channels of communication like downward, upward, horizontal, and diagonal channels as well as formal and informal networks.

1. Communication
Prepared by
Rajveer Bhaskar,
Assistant Professor
RCPIPER, Shirpur, M.S.

2. Communication
 Latin word – communis (common)
 An exchange of idea, facts, opinions or
emotions to create mutual understanding.
 Nature of communication:
1. Pervasive function
2. Continuous process
3. Mutual understanding
4. Two way process

3. The Communication Process
and Communication Barriers
 Communication process – Consists
of a sender who encodes a message
and transmits it through a channel to a
receiver who decodes it and may give
feedback.

4. The Process of
Communication

5. The Process of
Communication
How may the senderHow may the sender
encode a message?encode a message?
Verbally or nonverbally. By
speaking, writing, gesturing.
What kinds of channelsWhat kinds of channels
carry messages?carry messages?
Letters, e-mail, IM, memos,
TV, telephone, voice, body.
Others?

6. The Process of
Communication
How does a receiverHow does a receiver
decode a message?decode a message?
Hearing, reading, observing
When is communicationWhen is communication
successful?successful?
When a message is
understood as the sender
intended it to be.
How can aHow can a
communicator providecommunicator provide
for feedback?for feedback?
Ask questions, check
reactions, don’t dominate
the exchange.

7. Barriers/Limitations of
Communication
PhysicalPhysical
barriersbarriers
hearing disabilities, noisy
surroundings
PsychologicalPsychological
barriersbarriers
tuning out ideas that counter
our values
LanguageLanguage
problemsproblems
unfamiliar or changed words
NonverbalNonverbal
distractionsdistractions
mannerisms, appearance

8. Barriers to Communication
5-8
Thought speedThought speed our minds process thoughts
faster than speakers say
them
FakingFaking
attentionattention
pretending to listen
GrandstandingGrandstanding talking all the time or
listening only for the next
pause

9. Gender Conversation
Differences
 Men and women converse for different
reasons.
 Men tend to talk to emphasize status.
 Women tend to talk to create
connections and develop relations.

10. Role/significance of communication
 Planning & decision making
 Implementation of plans
 Motivation & morale
 Human relations
 Training & development
 Coordination
 Public relation

11. Channel of communication
 Route through which information flow
 Formal – institutionally determined and
related with the status of sender and receiver.
 Deliberately created to regulate flow of
information in orderly manner.
1. Downward communication
2. Upward communication
3. Horizontal communication
4. Diagonal communication

12. Channel of communication
 Informal communication (grapevine)
1. Informal & inter personal
2. Information passes to all direction
3. Flexible & faster
4. Nobody can be held responsible for it
5. Gossips & rumours

13. Communication media
 Oral
 Written
1. Clarity of thought
2. Simplicity
3. Brevity (brief)
4. Completeness
5. Correctness
6. Empathy (projection on receiver’s position)
7. Pretesting
 Nonverbal(Gestural)

14. Communication network
 Circle network – Greater satisfaction, noisy,
slow, unorganized
 Chain network – order from one superior,
inflexible
 Wheel network – all communication passes
through center person, fast but autocratic
 All channel network – free flow of
information, highest satisfaction but
unstructured

15. Barrier to communication
 Organizational
 Status
 Semantic
 Inattention
 Perceptual
 Information overload
 Premature evaluation
 Channel distortion

16. Effective communication
 Clarity
 Completeness
 Brevity
 Timeliness
 Compassion
 Integrity
 Compassion
 Feedback
 Attention
 Strategic use of grapevine