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Communication
 Communication is a process of exchanging 
information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and 
emotions through speech, signals, writing, or 
behavior.
Sender Message Channel Medium 
Feedback 
Receiver
 Simple language 
 Two or More Persons 
 Exchange of Ideas 
 Mutual Understanding 
 Direct and Indirect Communication 
 Continuous Process 
 Use of Words as well as Symbols
1. On the basis of organizational relationship 
i. Formal communication 
ii. Informal communication 
2. On the basis of direction 
i. Upward communication 
ii. Downward communication 
iii. Lateral communication 
3. On the basis of channel or method of communication 
i. Verbal communication 
ii. Non-verbal communication 
iii. Gesture communication
 In formal communication, certain rules, 
conventions and principles are followed while 
communicating message. Formal 
communication occurs in formal and official 
style.
 Informal communication is done using 
channels that are in contrast with formal 
communication channels. It’s just a casual 
talk. It is established for societal affiliations 
of members in an organization and face-to-face 
discussions.
 Upward Communication is the process of 
information flowing from the lower levels of a 
hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of 
communication is becoming more and more 
popular in organizations.
Communication which flows from the superiors 
to subordinates is known as downward 
communication 
It occurs when information and messages flow 
down through an organization's formal chain 
of command or hierarchical structure.
 Verbal is uses spoken words to communicate 
a message 
 Verbal communication is applicable to a wide 
range of situations, ranging from informal 
office discussions to public speeches made to 
thousands of people.
Non-verbal communication includes body 
language, gestures, facial expressions, and 
even posture. Non-verbal communication sets 
the tone of a conversation, and can seriously 
undermine the message contained in your 
words if you are not careful to control it.
 Information flows only in one direction –from the 
sender to the receiver with no feedback 
 A much common way of communication because it 
is faster and easier for the sender and there is no 
trouble from disagreement. 
 There may be mistakes in transmission of 
information. 
One-way communication
Two-way communication 
 A process in which information flows in 
two-directions –the receiver provides 
feedback and the sender receptive to the 
feedback. 
 It is more accurate and fewer mistakes in 
transmission. 
 But it is time-consuming and more 
difficult for the sender.
Vertical communication 
 Information passes downwards or upwards in the 
organization. 
 Downward communication means that the manager 
tells employees about a decision that has been 
already made. It allows decisions to carried out 
quickly. 
 Upward communication refers to employees’ giving 
feedback to the manager about the decision. It helps 
managers to understand employees’ ideas on the 
decision.
Lateral communication 
 People in the same level within an 
organization pass information to each 
other. 
 It can strengthen the understanding 
and coordination between people in 
different departments.
Written Communication 
Media 
Oral Communication 
Media 
Electronic Communication 
Media
Communication through: Letters , 
Memos, Reports, Forms , Notice 
boards and Internal magazines or 
newspapers 
Messages can be revised 
several times. 
The sender can not receive 
immediate feedback.
Face-to-face discussions, 
telephone conservations, formal 
presentations and speeches 
Advantages: Questions can be asked 
and answered directly; feedback is 
immediate; and the sender’s attitude 
can be sensed. 
Disadvantages: few permanent 
records 
Oral Communication
Communication through electronic media 
such as mobile phone, paging devises, lap 
top computers, E-mail, fax machines, and 
electronic notice boards 
Messages can be delivered instantly, over 
long distances, and to a large number of 
people. 
But not all people have can access to the 
media 
Electronic Communication
 Chain network 
 Wheel network 
 Circle network 
 All channels
Communication
Communication

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Communication

  • 2.  Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions through speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
  • 3. Sender Message Channel Medium Feedback Receiver
  • 4.  Simple language  Two or More Persons  Exchange of Ideas  Mutual Understanding  Direct and Indirect Communication  Continuous Process  Use of Words as well as Symbols
  • 5. 1. On the basis of organizational relationship i. Formal communication ii. Informal communication 2. On the basis of direction i. Upward communication ii. Downward communication iii. Lateral communication 3. On the basis of channel or method of communication i. Verbal communication ii. Non-verbal communication iii. Gesture communication
  • 6.  In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and principles are followed while communicating message. Formal communication occurs in formal and official style.
  • 7.  Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal communication channels. It’s just a casual talk. It is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-face discussions.
  • 8.  Upward Communication is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of communication is becoming more and more popular in organizations.
  • 9. Communication which flows from the superiors to subordinates is known as downward communication It occurs when information and messages flow down through an organization's formal chain of command or hierarchical structure.
  • 10.  Verbal is uses spoken words to communicate a message  Verbal communication is applicable to a wide range of situations, ranging from informal office discussions to public speeches made to thousands of people.
  • 11. Non-verbal communication includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, and even posture. Non-verbal communication sets the tone of a conversation, and can seriously undermine the message contained in your words if you are not careful to control it.
  • 12.  Information flows only in one direction –from the sender to the receiver with no feedback  A much common way of communication because it is faster and easier for the sender and there is no trouble from disagreement.  There may be mistakes in transmission of information. One-way communication
  • 13. Two-way communication  A process in which information flows in two-directions –the receiver provides feedback and the sender receptive to the feedback.  It is more accurate and fewer mistakes in transmission.  But it is time-consuming and more difficult for the sender.
  • 14. Vertical communication  Information passes downwards or upwards in the organization.  Downward communication means that the manager tells employees about a decision that has been already made. It allows decisions to carried out quickly.  Upward communication refers to employees’ giving feedback to the manager about the decision. It helps managers to understand employees’ ideas on the decision.
  • 15. Lateral communication  People in the same level within an organization pass information to each other.  It can strengthen the understanding and coordination between people in different departments.
  • 16. Written Communication Media Oral Communication Media Electronic Communication Media
  • 17. Communication through: Letters , Memos, Reports, Forms , Notice boards and Internal magazines or newspapers Messages can be revised several times. The sender can not receive immediate feedback.
  • 18. Face-to-face discussions, telephone conservations, formal presentations and speeches Advantages: Questions can be asked and answered directly; feedback is immediate; and the sender’s attitude can be sensed. Disadvantages: few permanent records Oral Communication
  • 19. Communication through electronic media such as mobile phone, paging devises, lap top computers, E-mail, fax machines, and electronic notice boards Messages can be delivered instantly, over long distances, and to a large number of people. But not all people have can access to the media Electronic Communication
  • 20.  Chain network  Wheel network  Circle network  All channels