The SMCR model of communication describes the key elements in the communication process as the source, message, channel, and receiver. The source encodes the message and considers their attitudes, knowledge, and social system/culture. The message contains the content, elements like language, and how it is conveyed. The channel refers to the sensory method of hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, or tasting used to transmit the message. Finally, the receiver decodes the message and must be on the same level as the source for effective communication.
Communication is essential for businesses to share information and ideas. While great ideas are important, they must be effectively communicated to be heard and implemented. Communication involves a sender transmitting a message through a medium to a receiver. It is a process that can involve both verbal and nonverbal exchange of thoughts and information. Formal communication in businesses follows the organizational structure, while informal "grapevine" communication spreads more freely. Downward communication shares directives from managers, while upward communication allows lower levels to provide feedback. For businesses to function properly, ideas must be communicated across all levels through various channels.
Communication is essential for sharing ideas and information. However, there can be barriers that prevent effective communication. Some key barriers to communication include physical barriers like distance and noise, psychological barriers such as perceptions and emotions, semantic barriers with confusing language or jargon, and organizational barriers from poor planning or a complex structure. For the most successful communication, these potential barriers must be addressed through clear messaging and feedback between parties.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals. Effective communication requires strong listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. There are various types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal and more. Barriers to communication like physical, psychological and semantic barriers can hinder the message being conveyed properly. Models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver help explain the communication process and how messages are encoded and decoded between a sender and receiver.
Business communication is the sharing of information within an organization to benefit the organization commercially. Effective communication requires strong listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. There are many types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal, and mass communication. Communication models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver help explain the communication process which involves encoding and decoding messages that are sent through various channels. Barriers like noise, perceptions, and complex structures can interfere with clear communication. Developing skills in areas like listening, reading, speaking and writing are important for professional success.
Communication is essential for success in business. Effective communication requires strong listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Barriers like noise, perceptions, emotions, and organizational complexity can interfere with communication. Models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver help explain the communication process as the transmission of messages from a sender through a channel to a receiver, with feedback. For communication to be successful, the message must be understood as intended.
Communication – Meaning
• Business Communication - Definition
• Importance
• Process
• Types –
One-way/Two-way, Verbal/Non- Verbal, Oral/Written, Formal/Informal, Upward, Downward, Lateral, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Organizational, Mass Communication
• Models – SMCR, Shannon Weaver
• Communication Skills-Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing
Communication is essential for building effective nurse-patient relationships. There are several key aspects of communication discussed in the document.
First, communication involves the exchange of ideas, facts, feelings, and information between two or more people to develop a common understanding. There are various levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and mass communication.
Second, effective communication requires understanding different elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, context and noise. It is also influenced by factors such as roles, culture, disabilities, and the environment.
Third, overcoming barriers to communication like physiological, psychological, social and organizational barriers is important for building trust with patients. Techn
The document provides an overview of communication topics covered in the first week of a business communication course. It defines communication and its importance in business. It discusses the communication process, including the key elements of a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers types of communication like one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, formal vs informal, and communication networks in an organization. Barriers to effective communication and models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver are summarized as well. Finally, it discusses important business communication skills like listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
Communication is essential for businesses to share information and ideas. While great ideas are important, they must be effectively communicated to be heard and implemented. Communication involves a sender transmitting a message through a medium to a receiver. It is a process that can involve both verbal and nonverbal exchange of thoughts and information. Formal communication in businesses follows the organizational structure, while informal "grapevine" communication spreads more freely. Downward communication shares directives from managers, while upward communication allows lower levels to provide feedback. For businesses to function properly, ideas must be communicated across all levels through various channels.
Communication is essential for sharing ideas and information. However, there can be barriers that prevent effective communication. Some key barriers to communication include physical barriers like distance and noise, psychological barriers such as perceptions and emotions, semantic barriers with confusing language or jargon, and organizational barriers from poor planning or a complex structure. For the most successful communication, these potential barriers must be addressed through clear messaging and feedback between parties.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals. Effective communication requires strong listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. There are various types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal and more. Barriers to communication like physical, psychological and semantic barriers can hinder the message being conveyed properly. Models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver help explain the communication process and how messages are encoded and decoded between a sender and receiver.
Business communication is the sharing of information within an organization to benefit the organization commercially. Effective communication requires strong listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. There are many types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal, and mass communication. Communication models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver help explain the communication process which involves encoding and decoding messages that are sent through various channels. Barriers like noise, perceptions, and complex structures can interfere with clear communication. Developing skills in areas like listening, reading, speaking and writing are important for professional success.
Communication is essential for success in business. Effective communication requires strong listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Barriers like noise, perceptions, emotions, and organizational complexity can interfere with communication. Models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver help explain the communication process as the transmission of messages from a sender through a channel to a receiver, with feedback. For communication to be successful, the message must be understood as intended.
Communication – Meaning
• Business Communication - Definition
• Importance
• Process
• Types –
One-way/Two-way, Verbal/Non- Verbal, Oral/Written, Formal/Informal, Upward, Downward, Lateral, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Organizational, Mass Communication
• Models – SMCR, Shannon Weaver
• Communication Skills-Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing
Communication is essential for building effective nurse-patient relationships. There are several key aspects of communication discussed in the document.
First, communication involves the exchange of ideas, facts, feelings, and information between two or more people to develop a common understanding. There are various levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and mass communication.
Second, effective communication requires understanding different elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, context and noise. It is also influenced by factors such as roles, culture, disabilities, and the environment.
Third, overcoming barriers to communication like physiological, psychological, social and organizational barriers is important for building trust with patients. Techn
The document provides an overview of communication topics covered in the first week of a business communication course. It defines communication and its importance in business. It discusses the communication process, including the key elements of a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers types of communication like one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, formal vs informal, and communication networks in an organization. Barriers to effective communication and models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver are summarized as well. Finally, it discusses important business communication skills like listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
Communication involves transmitting information from a sender to a receiver through a common channel. It is a two-way process where the receiver decodes and understands the message, and may provide feedback to the sender. Effective communication in organizations is important as it allows for coordination, information sharing, and decision making, and when communication breaks down organizations can suffer.
The document discusses various aspects of communication including the definition, nature, types, barriers, and importance of communication in organizations. It defines communication and explains the basic communication process. It also describes different types of organizational communication such as formal and informal communication, as well as upward, downward, horizontal, and diagonal communication.
Communication involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver. The receiver then decodes and tries to understand the message. For communication to be successful, the sender and receiver must share a common language or symbols so the message is understood as intended. Effective communication is important for organizations as it allows managers to conduct business and make informed decisions, and helps coordination between employees. Barriers like differing interpretations or psychological factors can prevent full understanding if not addressed.
The document discusses the key aspects of business communication, including:
1. It defines communication and explains its importance in business.
2. It outlines the seven elements of the communication process - sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
3. It describes the main functions of communication as informing, persuading, integrating divisions, and creating external relationships.
4. It discusses common barriers to effective communication such as physical barriers, language barriers, organizational structure barriers, and emotional attitudes.
The document discusses key concepts in communication including the communication process, elements of communication like sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers principles of communication such as the 7Cs and types of communication based on context. Additionally, it outlines important aspects of communication including space, noise/barriers, and ethics. Specifically, it emphasizes that ethical communicators respect truth, consider consequences, respect audience, use information properly, do not falsify information, and respect others' rights to information.
The document describes the process of communication from the source to the receiver. It involves the following key steps: 1) a source encodes a message using a channel to transmit it; 2) the receiver decodes and understands the message; 3) the receiver provides feedback in response, completing the two-way communication process. Effective communication relies on selecting an appropriate channel and overcoming barriers between the sender and receiver, such as semantic, psychological, organizational, emotional, and language barriers. Communication is essential for organizations as the primary means of exchanging information and a major activity that managers engage in.
Communication definition and Process of Communication.pptxJamakala Obaiah
Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver through a common channel or medium. It is a process that has existed for as long as humans have, with the word deriving from Latin roots meaning "to share" or "make common." Effective communication requires properly encoding and conveying a message, receiving and decoding it, and providing feedback. The key elements are a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. Barriers can occur at any point, so clear understanding between parties is important for successful transmission of information, thoughts, and ideas.
Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver through a common channel or medium. It is a process that has existed for as long as humans have, with the word deriving from Latin roots meaning "to share" or "make common." Effective communication requires a clear message, proper transmission through an appropriate channel, accurate receipt and understanding of the message by decoding it, and feedback to confirm comprehension. The main elements that enable the communication process are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback, and potential noise that could interfere with the exchange.
This document provides an overview of business communication. It defines business communication as the sharing of information within an organization for commercial benefit. It also defines communication more broadly as the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information. The document then discusses the importance of communication for career success. It outlines the basic process of communication including a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also describes different types of communication such as one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, and formal vs informal communication.
Communication is a process of passing information between people. It requires a sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and can be impacted by noise. Effective communication in business requires proper channels, objectives like providing information or getting action, and overcoming barriers. Barriers include physical obstacles, psychological biases, technical issues, differences within organizations, and semantic misunderstandings. Proper listening skills and use of silence are also important for clear communication.
The document discusses the key elements of the communication process, including the sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also describes the different directions of communication in an organization as downward from managers to staff, upward from staff to managers, and horizontal between colleagues. Finally, it outlines several important functions of organizational communication, such as leading, rationalizing, problem-solving, conflict management, and gaining compliance from employees.
This document provides an outline and overview of effective communication. It discusses the communication process, importance of communication, forms/channels of communication, barriers to communication, and how to improve effective communication. The key points are:
1. Communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more parties and is important for linking people together in an organization to achieve goals.
2. Effective communication can take verbal forms like speaking and writing, or non-verbal forms like body language. Barriers include organizational climate, personality differences, and semantics.
3. Improving communication involves noting the importance of relationships, using fairness and directness, effective listening, and encouraging feedback to clarify misunderstandings. Accessibility, proper
Communication is a complex skill that involves effectively conveying information from a sender to a receiver. It requires learning and practice to develop proficiency. The communication process consists of a sender encoding a message, which is sent through a channel and decoded by the receiver. Effective communication occurs when the receiver understands the message intended by the sender. Communication is important for collaboration in organizations, coordinating work, and making good decisions. It can be conveyed through verbal methods like speech, written language, and nonverbal cues like body language and tone of voice. Visual aids are also increasingly used to simplify complex ideas.
The document provides an overview of business communication, including defining communication, describing the communication process, barriers to effective communication, and classifying different types of communication. It discusses the purpose of communication in an organization, including information sharing, coordination, developing management skills, preparing for change, and building relationships. The key elements of the communication process are identified as the sender, message, encoding, media, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. Barriers to communication include physical, physiological, psychological, semantic, cultural, and interpersonal factors. Communication is also classified by the number of individuals involved, the communication medium, the formality of the relationship, and the organizational structure.
This document provides an overview of communication, including:
1. Defining communication and outlining the communication process, which involves a sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and environment.
2. Explaining the importance of communication for organizations to function and the roles, objectives, and how work will be achieved.
3. Describing basic methods of interpersonal communication including verbal, written, and nonverbal communication and barriers to effective communication like filtering, selective perception, and emotions.
The document discusses communication and its importance in business. It defines communication as the exchange of information between two or more people, and outlines the basic communication process which includes a sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It then discusses the objectives of business communication such as exchanging information, developing plans, and achieving organizational goals. Finally, it outlines essentials for effective communication like listening, being clear and concise, having confidence, empathy, and conveying respect.
This document discusses various aspects of communication including the definition of communication, the communication process, types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written), barriers to communication, and skills related to communication such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
It defines communication as the exchange of information between two or more people through various methods. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, selecting a channel to send the message through, the receiver decoding the message, and feedback. There can be barriers at each stage of the process.
It also outlines different forms of verbal (oral) communication, types of listening and reading, best practices for skills like public speaking, presentation, and email writing, and how to develop important
The document discusses communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It defines communication and describes its importance in healthcare. It outlines 6 types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, written, listening, visual, and intercultural. Barriers to communication and skills needed for effective communication are also discussed. The importance of patient teaching and developing therapeutic nurse-patient relationships to promote health and wellness is emphasized. Maintaining trust, respect, confidentiality and focusing on the patient are key to developing helping relationships.
This document provides an overview of business communication. It discusses various topics related to communication including the definition and importance of communication, classification of communication based on number of persons and medium employed, barriers to communication and overcoming them, and types of communication in employment contexts like interviews, resumes, cover letters, and group discussions. Key aspects of effective communication like the communication process and 7 C's of communication are also summarized.
The document discusses various aspects of generating and screening project ideas for entrepreneurship. It covers monitoring the business environment, appraising corporate strengths and weaknesses, identifying industries with profit potential, developing ideas by scouting different sectors, and preliminary screening of ideas based on factors like market size, inputs required, risks involved, and promoter fit. The key steps involved are generating ideas, evaluating industry attractiveness using models like Porter's Five Forces, screening ideas based on investment criteria, and assessing if the entrepreneur is capable of executing a viable strategy.
The document summarizes different organizational structures for an HR department. It describes how HR functions can be divided into front office, back office, and centers of excellence. It then outlines the line, functional, line and staff, divisional, and matrix organizational structures and how the HR department would be structured under each. The line structure places HR managers under the CEO while the functional structure groups HR roles by specialty and places them under the head of personnel. A line and staff structure combines elements of both. A divisional structure places HR managers in business divisions under divisional managers. Finally, a matrix structure gives HR dual reporting lines to functional and project managers.
Communication involves transmitting information from a sender to a receiver through a common channel. It is a two-way process where the receiver decodes and understands the message, and may provide feedback to the sender. Effective communication in organizations is important as it allows for coordination, information sharing, and decision making, and when communication breaks down organizations can suffer.
The document discusses various aspects of communication including the definition, nature, types, barriers, and importance of communication in organizations. It defines communication and explains the basic communication process. It also describes different types of organizational communication such as formal and informal communication, as well as upward, downward, horizontal, and diagonal communication.
Communication involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a channel to a receiver. The receiver then decodes and tries to understand the message. For communication to be successful, the sender and receiver must share a common language or symbols so the message is understood as intended. Effective communication is important for organizations as it allows managers to conduct business and make informed decisions, and helps coordination between employees. Barriers like differing interpretations or psychological factors can prevent full understanding if not addressed.
The document discusses the key aspects of business communication, including:
1. It defines communication and explains its importance in business.
2. It outlines the seven elements of the communication process - sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
3. It describes the main functions of communication as informing, persuading, integrating divisions, and creating external relationships.
4. It discusses common barriers to effective communication such as physical barriers, language barriers, organizational structure barriers, and emotional attitudes.
The document discusses key concepts in communication including the communication process, elements of communication like sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers principles of communication such as the 7Cs and types of communication based on context. Additionally, it outlines important aspects of communication including space, noise/barriers, and ethics. Specifically, it emphasizes that ethical communicators respect truth, consider consequences, respect audience, use information properly, do not falsify information, and respect others' rights to information.
The document describes the process of communication from the source to the receiver. It involves the following key steps: 1) a source encodes a message using a channel to transmit it; 2) the receiver decodes and understands the message; 3) the receiver provides feedback in response, completing the two-way communication process. Effective communication relies on selecting an appropriate channel and overcoming barriers between the sender and receiver, such as semantic, psychological, organizational, emotional, and language barriers. Communication is essential for organizations as the primary means of exchanging information and a major activity that managers engage in.
Communication definition and Process of Communication.pptxJamakala Obaiah
Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver through a common channel or medium. It is a process that has existed for as long as humans have, with the word deriving from Latin roots meaning "to share" or "make common." Effective communication requires properly encoding and conveying a message, receiving and decoding it, and providing feedback. The key elements are a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. Barriers can occur at any point, so clear understanding between parties is important for successful transmission of information, thoughts, and ideas.
Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver through a common channel or medium. It is a process that has existed for as long as humans have, with the word deriving from Latin roots meaning "to share" or "make common." Effective communication requires a clear message, proper transmission through an appropriate channel, accurate receipt and understanding of the message by decoding it, and feedback to confirm comprehension. The main elements that enable the communication process are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback, and potential noise that could interfere with the exchange.
This document provides an overview of business communication. It defines business communication as the sharing of information within an organization for commercial benefit. It also defines communication more broadly as the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information. The document then discusses the importance of communication for career success. It outlines the basic process of communication including a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also describes different types of communication such as one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, and formal vs informal communication.
Communication is a process of passing information between people. It requires a sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and can be impacted by noise. Effective communication in business requires proper channels, objectives like providing information or getting action, and overcoming barriers. Barriers include physical obstacles, psychological biases, technical issues, differences within organizations, and semantic misunderstandings. Proper listening skills and use of silence are also important for clear communication.
The document discusses the key elements of the communication process, including the sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also describes the different directions of communication in an organization as downward from managers to staff, upward from staff to managers, and horizontal between colleagues. Finally, it outlines several important functions of organizational communication, such as leading, rationalizing, problem-solving, conflict management, and gaining compliance from employees.
This document provides an outline and overview of effective communication. It discusses the communication process, importance of communication, forms/channels of communication, barriers to communication, and how to improve effective communication. The key points are:
1. Communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more parties and is important for linking people together in an organization to achieve goals.
2. Effective communication can take verbal forms like speaking and writing, or non-verbal forms like body language. Barriers include organizational climate, personality differences, and semantics.
3. Improving communication involves noting the importance of relationships, using fairness and directness, effective listening, and encouraging feedback to clarify misunderstandings. Accessibility, proper
Communication is a complex skill that involves effectively conveying information from a sender to a receiver. It requires learning and practice to develop proficiency. The communication process consists of a sender encoding a message, which is sent through a channel and decoded by the receiver. Effective communication occurs when the receiver understands the message intended by the sender. Communication is important for collaboration in organizations, coordinating work, and making good decisions. It can be conveyed through verbal methods like speech, written language, and nonverbal cues like body language and tone of voice. Visual aids are also increasingly used to simplify complex ideas.
The document provides an overview of business communication, including defining communication, describing the communication process, barriers to effective communication, and classifying different types of communication. It discusses the purpose of communication in an organization, including information sharing, coordination, developing management skills, preparing for change, and building relationships. The key elements of the communication process are identified as the sender, message, encoding, media, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. Barriers to communication include physical, physiological, psychological, semantic, cultural, and interpersonal factors. Communication is also classified by the number of individuals involved, the communication medium, the formality of the relationship, and the organizational structure.
This document provides an overview of communication, including:
1. Defining communication and outlining the communication process, which involves a sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, and environment.
2. Explaining the importance of communication for organizations to function and the roles, objectives, and how work will be achieved.
3. Describing basic methods of interpersonal communication including verbal, written, and nonverbal communication and barriers to effective communication like filtering, selective perception, and emotions.
The document discusses communication and its importance in business. It defines communication as the exchange of information between two or more people, and outlines the basic communication process which includes a sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It then discusses the objectives of business communication such as exchanging information, developing plans, and achieving organizational goals. Finally, it outlines essentials for effective communication like listening, being clear and concise, having confidence, empathy, and conveying respect.
This document discusses various aspects of communication including the definition of communication, the communication process, types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written), barriers to communication, and skills related to communication such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
It defines communication as the exchange of information between two or more people through various methods. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message, selecting a channel to send the message through, the receiver decoding the message, and feedback. There can be barriers at each stage of the process.
It also outlines different forms of verbal (oral) communication, types of listening and reading, best practices for skills like public speaking, presentation, and email writing, and how to develop important
The document discusses communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It defines communication and describes its importance in healthcare. It outlines 6 types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, written, listening, visual, and intercultural. Barriers to communication and skills needed for effective communication are also discussed. The importance of patient teaching and developing therapeutic nurse-patient relationships to promote health and wellness is emphasized. Maintaining trust, respect, confidentiality and focusing on the patient are key to developing helping relationships.
This document provides an overview of business communication. It discusses various topics related to communication including the definition and importance of communication, classification of communication based on number of persons and medium employed, barriers to communication and overcoming them, and types of communication in employment contexts like interviews, resumes, cover letters, and group discussions. Key aspects of effective communication like the communication process and 7 C's of communication are also summarized.
The document discusses various aspects of generating and screening project ideas for entrepreneurship. It covers monitoring the business environment, appraising corporate strengths and weaknesses, identifying industries with profit potential, developing ideas by scouting different sectors, and preliminary screening of ideas based on factors like market size, inputs required, risks involved, and promoter fit. The key steps involved are generating ideas, evaluating industry attractiveness using models like Porter's Five Forces, screening ideas based on investment criteria, and assessing if the entrepreneur is capable of executing a viable strategy.
The document summarizes different organizational structures for an HR department. It describes how HR functions can be divided into front office, back office, and centers of excellence. It then outlines the line, functional, line and staff, divisional, and matrix organizational structures and how the HR department would be structured under each. The line structure places HR managers under the CEO while the functional structure groups HR roles by specialty and places them under the head of personnel. A line and staff structure combines elements of both. A divisional structure places HR managers in business divisions under divisional managers. Finally, a matrix structure gives HR dual reporting lines to functional and project managers.
Psychology plays an important role in helping the human resources (HR) department of an organization. It helps HR with employee selection by analyzing job qualifications and creating ideal candidate profiles. It also assists with training program design, career development by determining the best career paths for individuals, and performance management through recommending effective evaluation methods. Other areas psychology aids HR include diagnosing workplace issues, conducting interviews, performing job analysis, motivating employees, and minimizing organizational stress. The success of organizations relies on effectively managing human capital, making psychology a valuable partner to HR.
The document discusses the institutionalization of business ethics. It describes how institutions establish norms through laws, customs, and programs that reward ethical decision making and sanction unethical behavior. These institutions help ensure compliance with legal requirements. The document outlines different types of laws, including civil, criminal, laws regulating competition, protecting consumers and the environment, and promoting equity and safety. It provides details on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which established federal oversight of accounting and holds top managers accountable. While costly to comply with, Sarbanes-Oxley renewed investor confidence and increased penalties for unethical senior managers.
This document discusses listening skills and the importance of effective listening. It outlines the listening process and various barriers to listening such as distractions, preoccupation, wrong assumptions, cultural differences, bad habits, and lack of training. Some strategies provided for effective listening include being attentive, asking questions, avoiding unnecessary interruptions, using body language, empathizing, and taking notes. The document also discusses the importance of listening in a business context for managers, customers, and employees.
Listening is an important skill that involves receiving, interpreting, and reacting to messages from speakers. There are different types of listening including superficial, appreciative, focused, evaluative, attentive, content, critical, and empathetic listening. Barriers to effective listening include physical barriers, physiological barriers, psychological barriers, overload of messages, ego, perceptions, poor retention, and lack of open-mindedness. Good listening requires stopping distractions, not prejudging, being patient, empathizing with speakers, and taking notes.
Human resource policies guide employee performance to achieve organizational objectives. They state the organization's purposes and objectives in areas like personnel, finance, production, and marketing. HR policies are key to successful personnel management and labor relations. They communicate intended courses of action. Objectives of HR policies include fulfilling organizational goals, informing employees, developing duty, providing trained personnel, protecting common interests, avoiding misunderstandings, and rewarding accomplishments. Policies must be clear, stable, balanced, recognize employee desires, and be in employees' best interests.
This document discusses human resource management (HRM) and its evolution over time. It defines HRM as developing and maintaining a qualified workforce to contribute to organizational effectiveness. As organizations grew, specialized personnel departments handled employee hiring, promotion, and compliance with civil rights laws. Today, HRM uses electronic systems and addresses challenges like stress management for knowledge workers. The document also outlines how HRM functions differ based on an organization's size, with larger ones having separate HR departments, and careers in the field continue growing.
Human resource management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling organizational human resources to satisfy organizational, individual, and societal needs. It includes activities like recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and benefits, and labor relations. Human resource planning forecasts current and future HR needs. Selection tools assess qualifications and various components of HRM must be consistent with the organization's strategy. Performance is evaluated and development opportunities provided to enhance employee contributions. Compensation includes pay and benefits to attract and retain high-performing employees. Labor legislation aims to protect employee rights and bargaining power.
This document provides an overview of human resource management. It describes HRM as managing a qualified workforce to contribute to organizational effectiveness. The document traces the evolution of HRM from scientific management to personnel management to the modern focus on legal compliance and developing employees. It discusses the roles and challenges of HR managers in different sized organizations. The goals of HRM are outlined as legal compliance, promoting individual growth, and contributing to organizational success.
The document discusses various aspects of employment communication and the job application process. It provides information on writing curriculum vitae and resumes, including the necessary components and dos and don'ts. It also discusses writing effective job application letters, preparing for interviews as a candidate, conducting oneself during an interview, following up after an interview with a thank you note, and how interviewers can prepare for conducting interviews.
The document discusses group discussions and provides tips for effective participation. It defines a group discussion as when 2 or more people discuss a topic in detail, exploring various dimensions and ideas. Good discussions require disagreeing respectfully, listening to others, and being analytical without criticism. The document outlines types of group discussions, strategies to improve skills, discussion etiquette, and tips for positive participation.
The document discusses various barriers to effective communication and ways to overcome them. It identifies physical, linguistic, cultural, emotional, organizational, and psychological barriers. Physical barriers include noise, lighting etc. Linguistic barriers are due to differences in language or use of jargon. Cultural barriers arise from differences in values, customs etc. between social groups. Emotional barriers stem from feelings like mistrust or fear. Organizational barriers can be due to stress or poor interpersonal relations. Psychological barriers relate to attitudes and perceptions. The document provides suggestions to overcome each type of barrier, such as using appropriate language, learning about other cultures, managing emotions, and promoting open-mindedness.
Ramesh Chauhan had started Bisleri, India's most popular mineral water brand, after returning to India at age 22 with a degree from MIT. Bisleri has maintained the number one status in India for bottled water for over 30 years and has been awarded the Reader's Digest 'Most Trusted Brand' twice. Bisleri processes source water through multiple purification steps to provide safe drinking water to the population while minimizing environmental impact.
Human resource management is a strategic function that involves acquiring, developing, motivating and committing an organization's employees to help achieve its objectives. It deals with recruiting, training, compensating and developing staff. HRM ensures employee satisfaction and maximizes their contributions through principles and policies that are people-oriented, pervasive across the organization, and aim to continuously develop and optimally use personnel.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. “You can have all the great ideas in the
world and if you can’t communicate,
nobody will hear them.”
-Kara Blackburn
Business Communication
2. Topics
• Communication - Meaning
• Business Communication - Definition
• Importance
• Process
• Types – One-way/Two-way, Verbal/Non- Verbal,
Oral/Written, Formal/Informal, Upward, Downward, Lateral,
Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Organizational,
Mass Communication
• Models – SMCR, Shannon Weaver
• Language Skills-Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing
3. What is Communication?
⚫ Derived from the Latin word "communis," meaning to
share.
⚫ Communication is the exchange of thoughts, facts,
messages, or information by speech, visuals, signals,
writing, or behaviour.
⚫ It is the transmission of an idea or feeling so that the
sender and receiver share the same understanding.
4. Definition
“Communication is a process involving the selection,
production and transmission of signs in such a way as
to help a receiver perceive a meaning similar to that in
the mind of the communicator.”
-Fotheringham
5. Business Communication -
Definition
⚫ Business communication is the sharing of information
between
performed
people within an organization
for the commercial benefit
that is
of the
organization.
6. Characteristics
•It involves at least two persons
•Message is must.
•It is a two way process
•Continuous Process
•It may be written or oral.
7. Importance
⚫ In the professional world, communication and related
skills decide a person’s career curve - better the
communication skills, higher are the chances of touching
the zenith of success.
⚫ The new global and diverse workplace requires excellent
spoken and written communication skills!
8. Importance Continued……
Efficient working of business
Means of coordination
Planning becomes easy
Aids in decision Making
Communication failure can be costly
Building human relations
Maintaining relations
Boost your moral and motivation
9. Purpose of Communication
To convey the right message
To advice
To receive suggestion
To persuade people :- like sales people
To motivate
To counselling
To instruct
To integrate different activities
To inform
To evaluate
To direct
To teach
To influence
To build image
10. Process of communication
Communications is a continuous process that mainly
involves three elements viz. sender, message, and
receiver. The elements involved in the communication
process are explained below in detail:
1. Sender: The sender or the communicator generates
the message and conveys it to the receiver. He is the
source and the one who starts the communication
2. Message: It is the idea, information, view, fact,
feeling, etc. that is generated by the sender and is then
intended to be communicated further.
3. Encoding: The message generated by the sender is
encoded symbolically such as in the form of words,
pictures, gestures, etc. before it is being conveyed.
11. Continued…..
4. Media: It is the manner in which the encoded
message is transmitted. The message may be
transmitted orally or in writing. The medium of
communication includes telephone, internet, post, fax, e-
mail, etc. The choice of medium is decided by the
sender.
5. Decoding: It is the process of converting the symbols
encoded by the sender. After decoding the message is
received by the receiver.
6. Receiver: He is the person who is last in the chain
and for whom the message was sent by the sender.
Once the receiver receives the message and
understands it in proper perspective and acts according
to the message, only then the purpose of
communication is successful.
12. Continued….
7. Feedback: Once the receiver confirms to the sender
that he has received the message and understood it, the
process of communication is complete.
8. Noise: It refers to any obstruction that is caused by
the sender, message or receiver during the process of
communication. For example, bad telephone
connection, faulty encoding, faulty decoding, inattentive
receiver, poor understanding of message due to
prejudice or inappropriate gestures, etc.
13.
14. Components of Communication
Sender - Initiates the communication process by
developing an idea into a message known as encoding.
Channel - The sender transmits the message through
a channel, or a method of delivery; eg. e-mail, phone
conversations, instant messages, face-to-face discussion
or even a text message.
15. Receiver –
channel to
This message then moves through the
the receiver, who completes the
communication process by interpreting and assigning
meaning to the message known as decoding.
Feedback - This is a critical component in the
communication process as it ensures a message was
properly received and interpreted.
16.
17. Types
•One-way , Two-way
•Verbal(Oral & Written), Non-verbal
•Formal, Informal(Grapevine)
•Upward, Downward, Lateral
•Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Organizational,
Mass Communication
18. One way Communication
⚫ One-way communication involves the transfer of
information in one direction only, from the sender to the
receiver.
⚫ There is no opportunity for the receiver to give feedback
to the sender.
⚫ Eg. weather report on television, newspaper, recorded
music on the CD, billboard messages
19. Two-way Communication
⚫ Two-way communication is a form of transmission in
which both parties involved, transmit information.
⚫ Two-Way communication has also been referred to as
interpersonal communication.
⚫ Eg. Chat rooms and Instant Messaging, T
elephone
conversations, classroom lectures etc.
20. Verbal Communication
uses
In this type of communication the professional
language as a vehicle of communication.
⚫ Oral communication – A face-to-face interaction
between the sender and the receiver.
Eg. Making presentations and appearing for interviews
Written Communication – The sender uses the written
mode to transmit his/her messages.
Eg. Writing reports and emails.
21. Non Verbal Communication
When a message is communicated without using a word,
the process requires non-verbal cues to be transmitted
and received.
Eg. facial expressions, posture, eye contact, walk,
person’s voice, sign language, body language volume,
pitch, voice modulation etc.
Communication includes both verbal and non-verbal
forms.
22. Formal
⚫ Communication takes place
through the formal channels
of the organization structure
of authority
by the
along the lines
established
management.
⚫ Such communications are
generally in writing and may
take any of the forms; policy;
manuals: procedures and rule
books; memoranda; official
meetings; reports, etc.
23. Informal
⚫ Communication arising out of all those channels of
communication that fall outside the formal channels is
known as informal communication.
⚫ Informal communication does not follow lines of authority
as is the case of formal communication.
⚫ Such communication is usually oral and may be covered
even by simple glance, gesture or smile or silence.
⚫ Eg. Talking with friends
24. Formal Informal
Official Channel Unofficial Channel
Planned & Systematic Cuts across formal
relationships
Goal and task oriented Individual Goal and
need oriented
Impersonal Personal & Social
Stable and rigid Flexible and instable
Slow & Structured Fast & unstructured
Authentic – little chance of
distortion
Non- Authentic - bigger
chance of distortion
25. Grapevine
⚫ It is an informal type of
communication
so because
and is called
it stretches
throughout the organization in
all directions irrespective of the
authority levels.
⚫ It exists more at lower levels of
organization.
⚫ Thus, grapevine spreads like
fire and it is not easy to trace
the cause of such
communication at times.
26. Example of Grapevine Network of Communication
Suppose the profit amount of a company is known.
Rumor is spread that this much profit is there and on
that basis bonus is declared.
CEO may be in relation to the Production Manager.
They may have friendly relations with each other.
27. Advantages
•Grapevine channels carry information rapidly.
•The managers get to know the reactions of their
subordinates on their policies.
•Grapevine helps in developing group cohesiveness.
•The grapevine serves as an emotional supportive
value.
•The grapevine is a supplement in those cases where
formal communication does not work.
•Grapevine links the whole organization very quickly.
•This is the primary source of information as well as the
reliable channel to communicate about the facts and
events within the firm.
•3. t is more flexible than formal channels.
28. Disadvantages
•The grapevine carries partial information at times as it
is more based on rumors. Thus, it does not clearly
depicts the complete state of affairs.
•The grapevine is not trustworthy always as it does not
follows official path of communication and is spread
more by gossips and unconfirmed report.
•The productivity of employees may be hampered as
they spend more time talking rather than working.
•The grapevine leads to making hostility against the
executives.
•The grapevine may hamper the goodwill of the
organization as it may carry false negative information
about the high level people of the organization.
31. Downward
⚫ Communication in the first place,
flows downwards.
⚫ All information in this medium is
usually in form of instructions,
directions and orders.
⚫ This direction of
communication strengthens the
authoritarian structure of the
organization.
⚫Organizational publications,
circulars, letter to employees,
group meetings etc are all
examples of downward
32. Purpose
Downward communication is used by the managers
for the following purposes –
•Providing feedback on employees’ performance.
•Giving job instructions.
•Providing a complete understanding of the
employees’ job as well as to communicate them
how their job is related to other jobs in the
organization.
•Communicating the organizations mission and
vision to the employees.
•Highlighting the areas of attention.
33. Upward
⚫ Upward Communication is
the process of information
flowing from the lower levels
of a hierarchy to the upper
levels.
⚫ The function
communication
information,
of upward
is to send
suggestions,
Complaints,Performance and
grievances of the lower level
workers to the managers
above.
34. The managers get to know about the employees’
feelings towards their jobs, peers, supervisor and
organization in general. Managers can thus accordingly
take actions for improving things.
Grievance Redressal System, Complaint and
Suggestion Box, Job Satisfaction surveys etc all help in
improving upward communication. Other examples are -
performance reports made by low level management for
reviewing by higher level management, employee
attitude surveys, letters from employees, employee-
manager discussions etc.
35. Lateral/Horizontal
⚫ This type of communication takes place between persons
at the same level or working under the same executive.
⚫ The main use of this is to maintain coordination and review
activities assigned to various subordinates.
36. Advantages
It is time saving.
It facilitates co-ordination of the task.
It facilitates co-operation among team members.
It provides emotional and social assistance to the
organizational members.
It helps in solving various organizational problems.
It is a means of information sharing.
It can also be used for resolving conflicts of a
department with other department or conflicts within a
department.
37. Diagonal or crosswise communication
Communication that takes place between a manager
and employees of other workgroups is called diagonal
communication. It generally does not appear on
organizational chart.
For instance - To design a training module a training
manager interacts with an Operations personnel to
enquire about the way they perform their task. The
Accounts people of an organization visiting different
employees in various departments for their IT
calculation, bonus for workers etc. fall under diagonal
communication.
38. External communication
External communication is any communication that
leaves the office and deals with customers, prospects,
vendors or partners. It could also involve regulatory
agencies or city offices. Sales presentations or
marketing letters need to be exciting to generate interest
from the customer but they also need to be factually
based. When corresponding to outside entities for
partnerships or other business administration needs,
state the purpose and be concise in communication,
whether oral or written. Respect people's time by getting
to the point and stating your request.
39. Interpersonal
⚫ Interpersonal
communication is an exchange
of information between two or
more people.
⚫ It is the process by which people
exchange information, feelings,
and meaning through verbal and
non-verbal messages.
40. Intrapersonal
⚫ It is the communication which takes place within one’s
own self.
⚫ This implies individual reflection, contemplation and
meditation.
41. Organizational
⚫ A process by which activities of a society are collected
and coordinated to reach the goals of
both individuals and the collective group.
⚫ It is a subfield of general communications studies and is
often a component to effective management in
a workplace environment.
42. Mass Communication
⚫ It is a means of conveying messages to an entire
populace.
⚫ This is generally identified with tools of modern mass
media, which include books, the press, cinema,
television, radio, internet etc. It also includes speeches
delivered by leaders to a large audience
43. Channels of Communication
The communication channels further can be
categorized as:
1. Formal channels
It is an official way of communicating. A formal
communication channel transmits information such as
the goals, policies and procedures of an organization.
Messages in this type of communication channel follow
a chain of command. This means information flows from
a manager to his subordinates and they in turn pass on
the information to the next level of staff. Some
examples include company newsletters, business
plans, instructions, annual reports, agreements,
company-wide communications, board presentations
etc.
44. 2. Informal channels
It is also an official way of communicating, with
somewhat relaxed norms. There may not be a need for
a chain of command or hierarchy in this kind of
communication. There will be immense official
communication where such hierarchy or command is not
needed, but they happen within the official framework.
Some examples will include conversations on the work
floor addressing queries of team members, lunch time
conversations, many of the emails where formal
command is not needed such as someone is seeking
some quick information etc.
Under the official environment, both formal and informal
channels are used as needed.
45. 3. Unofficial channels
There exists an unofficial mode of communication as
well. The employees communicate outside work
environment on topics not related to work. General
social, sports, political and personal communication are
unofficial channels. But a manager needs to be aware
about the existence of such a channel and information
flowing in them. Many times rumors and gossips also
provide very important information which otherwise will
not be available.
49. SMCR MODEL
⚫ The SMCR (Source-Message-Channel-Receiver)
Model is a standard in communication studies.
⚫ This model was originally developed by Claude
Shannon and Warren Weaver, and then altered by
David Berlo, but the latest credit has been given
to Wilbur Schramm for his interactive interpretation
50.
51. The source is were the message originates.
⚫Attitudes – The attitude towards the audience,
subject and towards one self for e.g. for the
student the attitude is to learn more and for
teachers wants to help teach.
⚫Knowledge– The knowledge about the subject.
⚫Social system – The Social system includes the
various aspects in society like values, beliefs,
culture, religion and general understanding of
society.
⚫Culture: Culture of the particular society also
comes under social system.
Source
52. ⚫Encoder: The sender of the message
(message originates) is referred as encoder.
⚫Content – The beginning to the end of a
message comprises its content.
⚫Elements – It includes various things like
language, gestures, body language etc. so
these are all the elements of the particular
message.
⚫Treatment – The way in which the message is
conveyed or the way in which the message is
passed on or deliver it.
Message
53. ⚫Hearing: The use of ears to get the message for
e.g. oral messages, interpersonal etc.
⚫Seeing: Visual channels for e.g. TV can be seen
and the message is delivered.
⚫Touching: The sense of touch can be used as a
channel to communicate for e.g. we touch and
buy food, hugging, pat on the back etc.
⚫Smelling: Smell also can be a channel to
communicate for e.g. perfumes, food, charred
smell communicates something is burning, we
can find out about which food is being cooked etc.
⚫Tasting : The tongue also can be used to
decipher e.g. Food can be tasted and
communication can happen.
Channel
54. ⚫Decoder : Who receives the message and
decodes it is referred to as decoder.
⚫Receiver: The receiver needs to have all the
things like the source.
This model believes that for an effective
communication to take place the source and the
receiver needs to be in the same level, only if
the source and receiver are on the same level
communication will happen or take place
properly. So source and receiver should be
similar
55. Criticism of Berlo’s SMCR
model of communication:
⚫No feedback / don’t know about the effect
⚫Does not mention barriers to communication
⚫No room for noise
⚫Needs people to be on same level for
communication to occur but not true in real
life.
⚫The model omits the usage of sixth sense as
a channel which is actually a gift to the
human beings (thinking, understanding,
analyzing etc).
58. Shannon- Weaver Model
⚫ The Shannon–Weaver model of
communication has been called the "mother of all
models.“
⚫ It embodies the concepts of information
source, message, transmitter, signal, channel, noise,
receiver, information destination, probability of
error, encoding, decoding, information rate, channel
capacity, etc.
59. Elements of the Model
⚫ Sender : The originator of message or the information
source selects desired message
⚫ Encoder : The transmitter which converts the message
into signals
For example: In telephone the voice is converted into
wave signals and it transmits through cables
⚫ Decoder : The reception place of the signal which
converts signals into message. A reverse process of
encode
60. ⚫ Receiver : The destination of the message from
sender
⚫ Noise: The messages are transferred from encoder
to decoder through channel. During this process the
messages may distracted or affected by physical
noise like horn sounds, thunder and crowd noise or
encoded signals may distract in the channel during
the transmission process which affect the
communication flow or the receiver may not receive
the correct message
62. Barriers to Communication
⚫When there is a problem which might cause
our communication to be distorted or
problematic, it is known as a barrier to
effective communication.
There are 4 types of barriers to communication
1. Physical barriers
2. Psychological barriers
3. Semantic blocks
4. Organizational Barriers
63. Physical Barriers
⚫ Distance: – communication is found obstructed in long
distance. Like communication between America and Nepal.
from external sources
process. Noise negatively
and affects the
affects the
⚫ Noise: – it is
communication
accuracy
64. Psychological Barriers
⚫Perception: – it is the process of accepting and
interpreting the information by the receiver.
People receive things differently for a various
number of reasons.
⚫Filtering: –In this process, knowingly or
unknowingly some valuable information may be
disposed.
⚫Emotions: – emotion also creates barriers to
effective communication like anger, hate,
mistrust, jealousy etc.
65. ⚫Viewpoint: – it also creates
barriers to effective
communication. It the receiver
doesn’t clear the message and
ignore without hearing, the
message may create
obstructions.
⚫Defensiveness: – if the receiver
receives the message as threat
and interprets that message in
the same way, it creates barriers
to effective communication.
66. Semantic Barriers
⚫The use of difficult and multiple use of languages,
words, figures, symbols create semantic barriers.
⚫Language: – A meaning sent by the sender can be
quite different from the meaning understood by the
receiver. Long and complex sentences create
problem in communication process.
⚫Jargons: – Technical or unfamiliar language
creates barriers. The message should be simple
and condensed as far as possible so that no
confusion is created.
67. Organizational Barriers
⚫It is raised from the organizational goals, regulations,
structure and culture.
⚫Poor planning: – Refers to the designing, encoding,
channel selection and conflicting signals in the
organization.
⚫Structure complexities:- Difficult organizational structure
is a barrier for free flow of information
68. ⚫Status differences: – Superior provides
information to the subordinate about plans and
policies. Different information is provided by
different subordinates who create barrier in
communication.
⚫Organizational distance:- Distance between
sender and receiver.
⚫Information overload: – If superior provides too
much information to the subordinate in short period
receiver suffers from information overload which
creates barriers to effective communication.
⚫Timing: – Communication can be obstructed if the
information is not provided in time.
70. Listening Skills
⚫ Listening is an everyday affair.
⚫ We spend more time to listening than speaking
⚫ It is a skill which is often taken for granted
⚫ It is considered as a stressful task
⚫ Successful listening is challenging and requires a lot of
practice
⚫ Effective listening is a dynamic activity that seeks out
the meaning intended in the messages sent by the
speaker.
71. Listening Vs Hearing
⚫ Hearing is an involuntary act that happens
automatically. Eg. A truck rolling by on the road in front
of our house.
⚫ Listening –
voluntary activity,
demands perfect coordination between the ears &
the brain
very creative
Interactive and interpretive process.
72. Techniques for Effective Listening
⚫ You should have an open mind.
⚫ You should sit alert and look the speaker in the eye with a
view to establish your interest in him/her.
⚫ Do not prejudge the speaker or his message.
⚫ Summarize what the speaker is saying
⚫ Take down notes
⚫ Link what you are listening to what you already know.
⚫ Do not interrupt the speaker unnecessarily.
⚫ Ask relevant questions to yourself for clarity in your
understanding.
73. Reading Skills
Skimming
⚫ Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important
information, or 'gist'.
⚫ Run your eyes over the text, noting important information.
⚫ Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current
business situation.
Examples of Skimming:
⚫ The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the
day)
⚫ Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would
like to read in more detail)
⚫ Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)
74. Reading Skills
Scanning
⚫ Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information.
⚫ Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece
of information you need.
⚫ Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order
to find the specific details you require.
⚫ If you see words or phrases that you don't understand,
don't worry when scanning.
Examples of Scanning
⚫ The "What's on TV" section of your newspaper.
⚫ A train / airplane schedule
⚫ A conference guide
75. Reading Skills
Extensive reading
⚫Extensive reading is used to obtain a general
understanding of a subject and includes reading
longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books.
⚫Use extensive reading skills to improve your general
knowledge of business procedures.
⚫Do not worry if you understand each word.
Examples of Extensive Reading
⚫The latest marketing strategy book
⚫A novel you read before going to bed
⚫Magazine articles that interest you
76. Intensive reading
⚫Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order
to extract specific information.
⚫ It includes very close accurate reading for detail.
⚫Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of
a specific situation.
⚫In this case, it is important that you understand
each word, number or fact.
Examples of Intensive Reading
⚫An insurance claim
⚫A contract of employment
Reading Skills
77. Critical reading
⚫This is a form of language analysis that does not
take the given text at face value, but involves a
deeper examination of supporting points and
possible counter arguments.
⚫ Critical readers thus recognize not only what a text
says, but also how that text portrays the subject
matter.
⚫What a text means – interpretation — analyze the
text and assert a meaning for the text as a whole
Reading Skills
78. Speaking Skills
Tone
⚫ The tone of voice we use is responsible for about 35-
40 percent of the message we are sending.
⚫ Tone involves the volume you use, the level and type
of emotion that you communicate and the emphasis
that you place on the words that you choose.
79. Pitch
⚫ Pitch refers to the rise and fall in human voice. It plays a
crucial role in communication.
⚫ Questions, for example, should end on a higher note.
⚫ Affirmative statements should end in a level or slightly
lower pitch. The ending of statements on a high pitch can
create doubt in your listeners.
⚫ Vary your pitch throughout your presentation to establish
and reinforce your message.
Speaking Skills
80. Rhythm
⚫Rhythm is the pattern of the sounds you produce.
⚫Stressing and de-stressing syllables and words gives
us rhythm in English.
⚫Rhythm is the music of English Language –
the ups and downs and the linking of words, which
together, change how we say sentences.
⚫Use rhythm to carry meaning.
⚫Slow the pace to emphasize certain ideas.
⚫Quicken the pace to show excitement or humor.
⚫Pause to give listeners time to absorb a complex
idea. Pause also when you're about to transition to
another idea.
Speaking Skills
81. ⚫ Stressing means to emphasize a sound and make
certain syllables and words:
⚫ louder
⚫ longer
⚫ higher in pitch
⚫ Every word in English has at least one syllable with a
primary stress or emphasis.
⚫ It is not only essential to stress certain syllables and
words, but we must also de-stress other syllables
and words.
Examples:
⚫ English –> [ING glish] (1st syllable is stressed; 2nd
syllable is slightly de-stressed)
Speaking Skills
82. Intonation
⚫Correct intonation and stress are the key to
speaking English fluently with good
pronunciation.
⚫The entire variation of pitch while speaking is
called intonation.
⚫Words that are stressed are key to
understanding and using the correct intonation
brings out the meaning.
⚫English spends more time on specific stressed
words while quickly gliding over the other, less
important, words.
Speaking Skills
83. ⚫ A sentence can be spoken differently, depending
on the speaker's intention.
⚫ Look at the following sentences. Speak them out
loud and especially stress the word that is in bold
writing.
⚫ I did not read anything about the disaster.
⚫ I did not read anything about the disaster.
⚫ I did not read anything about the disaster.
⚫ I did not read anything about the disaster.
⚫ I did not read anything about the disaster.
⚫ I did not read anything about the disaster.
Speaking Skills
84. ⚫ Effective writing is not a gift that you’re born with, rather it
is a skill that you cultivate. Clear writing means clear
thinking.
⚫ Think before you write: Before you put pen to paper or
hands to keyboard, consider what you want to say.
⚫ Ask yourself: What should my audience know or think
after reading this email, proposal, or report?
Writing Skills
85. Steps to Improve your Writing Skills
Be direct
⚫Make your point right up front.
⚫ By concisely presenting your main idea first,
you save your reader time and sharpen your
argument before diving into the bulk of your
writing.
⚫ If your opener is no good, then the whole
piece of writing will be no good.
86. Avoid jargons
⚫ Business writing is full of industry-specific
buzzwords and acronyms.
⚫And while these terms are sometimes
unavoidable and can occasionally be helpful as
shorthand, they often indicate lazy or cluttered
thinking.
⚫You should also avoid using grandiose words.
⚫Writers often mistakenly believe in using a big
word when a simple one will do.
87. Read what you write
⚫Put yourself in your reader’s shoes.
⚫Is your point clear and well structured?
⚫Are the sentences straightforward and
concise?
⚫Don’t be afraid to ask a colleague or friend
to edit your work.
⚫Welcome their feedback; don’t resent it.
88. Practice every day
⚫Writing is a skill, and skills improve with
practice.
⚫Read well-written material every day, and
be attentive to word choice, sentence
structure, and flow.
⚫Most importantly, build time into your
schedule for editing and revising.
89. Coherence
⚫ Coherence in writing is the "logical glue"
that allows readers to move easily and
clearly from one idea to the next.
⚫Coherence in writing is much more
difficult to sustain than coherent speech
because writers have no nonverbal clues
to inform them if their message is clear or
not.