This document defines key terms related to data collection and research methods. It discusses what constitutes primary and secondary data, as well as the advantages of each. Primary data is gathered directly from original sources like individuals, groups, documents, and objects, while secondary data is collected from secondary sources like published books and articles. The document also outlines different categories of data that can be collected from respondents, including facts, attitudes, judgements, and test results. Finally, it lists several research instruments and tools that can be used to gather data, such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, and mechanical devices like microscopes.

1. Collection of data
Rosario N. Evangelista

3. What is a Data?
Plural form for datum, collection of numbers,
quantities, facts, or records used as bases for
drawing conclusions or making inferences.
(Good, p.155)

4. What is a Data?
• What research is searching for and which are
subjected to analysis, statistical procedures, and
interpretation so that inferences, principles or
generalization are drawn.

6. Primary Data
 Are those gathered from primary source
 Are as follows:
a) Individual person
b) Organized group
c) Established practices

7. Primary Data
d) Documents in their original forms
e) Living Organisms
f) Man-made material things
g) Natural Objects and phenomena

8. Secondary Data
are those gathered from second sources
Are as follows:
a) Books
b) Articles published
c) Unpublished master’s degree
d) Monographs, manuscripts, etc.
e) All other second hand sources.

10. Advantages of Primary Data over
Secondary Data
1. The primary data frequently give detailed
definition of terms and statistical units used in
the survey.

11. Advantages of Primary Data over
Secondary Data
2. The secondary data have usually little or no
explanatory notes which often arises from
transcriptions of the figures from the original
primary source.

12. Advantages of Primary Data over Secondary Data
3. The primary data usually includes a copy of the
schedule and a description of the procedure used
in the selection of the type of sample and in
collecting the data. This gives the user and ideas of
accuracy, applicability, and limitation of the
survey result.

13. Advantages of Primary Data over Secondary
Data
4. The primary data are usually broken down into
finer classifications. The secondary data often
omit past of combining categories, such as
showing barrios instead of sitios, or municipalities
instead of barrios.

14. Advantages of Secondary Data
1. Secondary Data are more convenient to use
because they are already condensed and
organized.
2. Analysis and interpretation are done more
easily.
3.Libraries make secondary data are more easily
accessible.

16. Respondents
▫ Are those individual who are asked or requested
by a researcher to supply data or information
about his research problem.

17. Categories of Data gathered from respondents
1. Facts
▫ Personal circumstances
▫ What they do
2. Attitudes and feelings
3. Judgements
4. Psychomotor skills

18. Categories of Data gathered from respondents
5) Results of test and experiments
6) All other data gathered from the primary and
secondary data.

19. (Research Instruments or Tools)

20. A. Clerical Tools
1. The questionnaire method
2. The interview method
3. The empirical observation method
4. The registration method
5. The testing method
6. The experimental method
7. The Library Method

21. B. Mechanical Devices
Microscopes Thermometers Cameras
Rulers monitors

23. 1. The instrument of must be valid and reliable
2. It must be based upon the conceptual
frameworks or what the researcher wants to
find data
3. It must be gather data suitable for and relevant
to the research topic.
4. It should be from all kinds of bins.

24. 5. It must gather data that would test the
hypothesis or answer the questions under
investigation.
6. It must contain only questions or items that are
unequivocal
7. It must contain clear and definite directions to
accomplish it.

25. 8. If the instrument is mechanical device, it must
be of the best or latest model.
9. It must be accompanied by a good cover letter.
10. It must be accompanied, if possible, by a letter
of recommendation from a sponsor.