The document discusses considerations for data collection plans including objectives, scope, sources, methods, units of measurement, and accuracy levels. It defines primary and secondary data, as well as qualitative and quantitative data. Sources of primary data include interviews, questionnaires, and observation, while published/unpublished sources and databases are sources of secondary data. Secondary data has advantages like being easy to generalize from, economical, and quick, but reliability can be difficult to determine and inherent limitations may exist. Questionnaires should be clearly written following principles like being precise, unbiased, and pilot tested.

2. DATA
 Raw facts, texts or numbers.
 Building Blocks of any research
 Raw facts & figures.
 Found on Forms of: Transcripts, Maps,
Photographs,
Videotapes

3. CONSIDERATIONS IN DATA COLLECTION PLAN
 Objective:
Researcher should consider the objective of collection.
 Scope:
Researcher should know what to collect & from whom.
It determines the nature of data.
 Sources of Data:
On the basis of nature & objective of research Sources are determined
Primary & Secondary Sources.

4.  Method of Data Collection:
Selection of Appropriate method.
 Unit of Data Collection:
Similar data collection unit should be same for entire set of data.
 Degree of Accuracy:
Level of significance should be determined by researcher.

5. TYPES OF DATA.
 Primary Data
First hand Data .
Collected through Questionnaire, observation , GD, interview etc.
 Secondary Data
Ready made data (developed by others)
involves published & unpublished sources.

6. • Qualitative Data
Called Categorical data
Based on attributes, qualities or characteristics.
• Quantitative Data
Data collected in the forms of numbers.

7. SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA
 Interview
Data collected by asking questions orally
 Questionnaire
Arranged questions systematically to gather responses.
 Observation
Direct way of collecting info: by observing
Involves using all five senses to collect data.

8. SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
 Published Sources
Gov. reports, Publication of Semi Govt. , international organization ,
Private publication.
 Unpublished Sources
dissertation of students , records of hospitals etc.
 Computerized Database

9.  Reliability
 Supplement data
 Reference
 Comparison
 Resolving the research problem
 Collecting primary data
USES OF SECONDARY DATA

10. ADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY DATA
 Easy to generalize
 Economy
 Quick
 Helps to cross check
 Reliability

11.  Determination of reliability of secondary
data is very difficult
 Chances of manipulation
 Inherent limitation.
 Do not match the need of situation
 Difficult to find rationality
DISADVANTAGES OF SECONDARY DATA

12. A Questionnaire is a formal
list of questions designed to
gather responses from
respondents on a given
topic, issues or event.
QUESTIONNAIRE

13.  Clear & Precise.
 Use of Natural & family Language
 Unbiasedness
 Avoid double barreled questions
 State explicit alternatives
 Reliable & valid
 Length of questionnaire
 Match the objectives
 Consider the competence of participants
 Pilot study & improving the questionnaire
PRINCIPLES OF QUESTIONNAIRE WRITING