The document describes a dataset collected from students in a writing class. As an assignment, students were asked to describe in detail how they write, without consulting others. This generated a set of 10 individual narratives for analysis. Permission was obtained to use the anonymized data for teaching purposes. The total qualitative data available comprises 10 files, each containing a short student-authored narrative on the writing process.
Regardless of which strategies used by researcher to present their qualitative data, the presentation will result in identifying and acknowledging the multiple perspectives of the participants and researcher and the readers may then consider all perspectives in their interpretation of the research. This Slideshare provides information, strategies and references on how qualitative data could be presented.
Coding in Deductive Qualitative AnalysisJane Gilgun
This article discusses how to use open, axial, and selective coding in the analysis of qualitative data when researchers conduct studies using deductive qualitative analysis (DQA). Unlike grounded theory, DQA begins with preliminary codes that both guide the research and that researchers expect to test and to change in the course of doing the research. This article reports on email exchanges with two students that Jane Gilgun had. Jane is a professor at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA. the students are Anke Reints, a PhD student at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, and Ben Duncan, a student at Tennessee State University, USA.
Regardless of which strategies used by researcher to present their qualitative data, the presentation will result in identifying and acknowledging the multiple perspectives of the participants and researcher and the readers may then consider all perspectives in their interpretation of the research. This Slideshare provides information, strategies and references on how qualitative data could be presented.
Coding in Deductive Qualitative AnalysisJane Gilgun
This article discusses how to use open, axial, and selective coding in the analysis of qualitative data when researchers conduct studies using deductive qualitative analysis (DQA). Unlike grounded theory, DQA begins with preliminary codes that both guide the research and that researchers expect to test and to change in the course of doing the research. This article reports on email exchanges with two students that Jane Gilgun had. Jane is a professor at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA. the students are Anke Reints, a PhD student at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, and Ben Duncan, a student at Tennessee State University, USA.
Quantitative data analysis - John RichardsonOUmethods
Your project report should include: a viable research question; a critical literature review; a research proposal; and a work plan for the project. The proposed methods should include methods of data collection and methods of data analysis. Whether you are carrying out qualitative of quantitative research, you should know broadly how you are going to analyse your data before you collect them. And the work plan for your project should include a realistic estimate of the time it will take you to do the analysis. The aim of this presentation is to get you to think creatively about the kinds of analysis that might address your research problem.
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7James Neill
This lecture introduces qualitative research and qualitative analysis, overviews the lab report tasks, and summarises Lectures 1 to 7. See also http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=57409703
Data analysis chapter 18 from the companion website for educational researchYamith José Fandiño Parra
This is a slide show of chapter 18 from Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Primarily intended for instructor use in the classroom, it is also available for students’ study use or to review as an advance organizer before class lectures or discussions.
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.
It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge.
Methodology is useful to guide and help in order to obtain the objectives of a research project.
This consists of the purpose, assumptions, limitations, philosophy, strategy, data collection method, sampling method, scaling, data analysis, validity and reliability of the research.
The methodological choices reported give guidelines for the way which should collect necessary information for this study investigation and analyzing matters.
Strategies on How to Infer & Explain Patterns and Themes from DataNoMore2020
A research that we presented and submitted to our teacher, Mrs. Lopez. I uploaded this because I wanted to help other students in the ABM track especially to Senior High Students who have Reseach in Daily Life in their subjects.
Tools and techniques in qualitative and quantitative researchDeepikakohli10
The presentation is about different Tools and techniques used for Research. It will help students, teachers, researchers and teacher educators to select appropriate tools and techniques for their research purpose.
Qualitative Data Analysis I: Text Analysis - a summary based on Chapter 17 of H. Russell Bernard’s Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches for a Report for Anthro 297: Seminar in Research Design and Methods under Dr. Francisco Datar, Department of Anthropology, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman
Quantitative data analysis - John RichardsonOUmethods
Your project report should include: a viable research question; a critical literature review; a research proposal; and a work plan for the project. The proposed methods should include methods of data collection and methods of data analysis. Whether you are carrying out qualitative of quantitative research, you should know broadly how you are going to analyse your data before you collect them. And the work plan for your project should include a realistic estimate of the time it will take you to do the analysis. The aim of this presentation is to get you to think creatively about the kinds of analysis that might address your research problem.
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7James Neill
This lecture introduces qualitative research and qualitative analysis, overviews the lab report tasks, and summarises Lectures 1 to 7. See also http://ucspace.canberra.edu.au/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=57409703
Data analysis chapter 18 from the companion website for educational researchYamith José Fandiño Parra
This is a slide show of chapter 18 from Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Primarily intended for instructor use in the classroom, it is also available for students’ study use or to review as an advance organizer before class lectures or discussions.
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.
It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge.
Methodology is useful to guide and help in order to obtain the objectives of a research project.
This consists of the purpose, assumptions, limitations, philosophy, strategy, data collection method, sampling method, scaling, data analysis, validity and reliability of the research.
The methodological choices reported give guidelines for the way which should collect necessary information for this study investigation and analyzing matters.
Strategies on How to Infer & Explain Patterns and Themes from DataNoMore2020
A research that we presented and submitted to our teacher, Mrs. Lopez. I uploaded this because I wanted to help other students in the ABM track especially to Senior High Students who have Reseach in Daily Life in their subjects.
Tools and techniques in qualitative and quantitative researchDeepikakohli10
The presentation is about different Tools and techniques used for Research. It will help students, teachers, researchers and teacher educators to select appropriate tools and techniques for their research purpose.
Qualitative Data Analysis I: Text Analysis - a summary based on Chapter 17 of H. Russell Bernard’s Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches for a Report for Anthro 297: Seminar in Research Design and Methods under Dr. Francisco Datar, Department of Anthropology, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman
Final presentation for my Introduction to Marketing class as a freshman at Xavier University. In it, my partner and I apply the following concepts to Starbucks: the 4 Ps of Marketing, competitive analysis, and target market analysis. On the last slide, we make recommendations based on our research that we think could help improve Starbucks's business.
Human resources management chapter 13 .. Translated to Arabic by Rasha Alahmad Rasha
Human Resource Management, Robert Mathis and John Jackson, Thomson, 2006
Chapter 13 :Variable pay and executive compensation
Translated to Arabic by Rasha Alahmad
إدارة الموارد البشرية
الفصل الثالث عشر
ترجمة : رشا محمد الأحمد – السعودية - القصيم
Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
Chapter - 1
The Law of Attraction
The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because th
Qualitative Studies in Software Engineering - Interviews, Observation, Ground...alessio_ferrari
This
Lecture about qualitative data collection methods and qualitative data analysis in software engineering. Topics covered are:
1. Sampling
2. Interviews
3. Observation and Participant Observation
4. Archival Data Collection
5. Grounded theory, Coding, Thematic Analysis
6. Threats to validity in qualitative studies
Find the videos at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSKM4VZcJjV-P3fFJYMu2OhlTjEr9Bjl0
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Ask broad, general Qs.
Collecting data consisting
largely of words (text) or
image (picture).
Descriptions and analysis of
words for themes.
Conducts inquiry in
subjective, biased manner.
Ask specific narrow Qs.
Collects data from
participants.
Analyzes numbers using
statistics.
Conducts the inquiry in
unbiased, objective manner.
Research methods can generally be divided into two main categories: Quantitative and Qualitative. This webinar will provide an overview of quantitative methods with a brief distinction between quantitative and qualitative methods. We will focus on when and how to use quantitative research and discuss type of variables and statistical analysis.
Presentation will be led by Dr. Carlos Cardillo.
About CORE:
The Culture of Research and Education (C.O.R.E.) webinar series is spearheaded by Dr. Bernice B. Rumala, CORE Chair & Program Director of the Ph.D. in Health Sciences program in collaboration with leaders and faculty across all academic programs.
This innovative and wide-ranging series is designed to provide continuing education, skills-building techniques, and tools for academic and professional development. These sessions will provide a unique chance to build your professional development toolkit through presentations, discussions, and workshops with Trident’s world-class faculty.
For further information about CORE or to present, you may contact Dr. Bernice B. Rumala at Bernice.rumala@trident.edu
1- defining scientific research ( Dr. Abdullah Al-Beraidi - Dr. Ibrahim Altho...Rasha
محاضرة للدكتور إبراهيم الثنيان - الدكتور عبدالله البريدي و دكتور رمزي .. محاضرة عن البحث النوعي
( Dr. Abdullah Al-Beraidi - Dr. Ibrahim Althonayan - Dr.Ramzi)
Quality In Private Schools [ Rasha M. Ahmad ]Rasha
الملخص
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة مستوى جودة مخرجات التعليم الأهلي الأساسي السعودي للمرحلة الثانوية مقارنة مع جودة مخرجات التعليم الحكومي الأساسي. وحيث أن أداء الطالبة خلال المرحلة الجامعة يعتبر انعكاسا لجودة التعليم ما قبل الجامعي. تم الاعتماد على المعدل التراكمي الجامعي و معدل المرحلة الثانوية كمتغيرين أساسيين لهذه الدراسة . وتم الاعتماد على الأسلوب التجريبي من خلال اختيار عينتين, خمسين طالبة من مخرجات التعليم الأهلي الأساسي وخمسين طالبة من مخرجات التعليم الحكومي. ومن أجل رفع مستوى صحة اختبارات هذه الدراسة تم استخدام nested design فتم تقسيم عينة التعليم الأهلي إلى ثلاث فئات , فئة الطالبات الحاصلات على 85% وأعلى في الثانوية وفئة الحاصلات على 90% وأعلى وفئة الحاصلات على 95% , ثم تم سحب خمسين طالبة من خريجات التعليم الحكومي الأساسي لهن نفس خصائص الثلاث فئات. وقد كان أسلوب الدراسة من خلال اختبار قبل وبعد لكل عينة ولكل فئة (معدل المرحلة الثانوي مقارنة مع الأداء الجامعي) "within" واختبار المقارنة بين فئات العينتين وبين العينتين بشكل كلي ""between .وكان الأسلوب الإحصائي المستخدم الفرق بين متوسطين. وكانت أهم النتائج : هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين أداء الطالبة في المرحلة الثانوية والمرحلة الجامعية. وهذه النتيجة تنطبق على التعليم الأهلي والحكومي, وفي المقارنة بين أداء الطالبات في المرحلة الجامعية ليس هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الطالبات المتخرجات من التعليم الأهلي والطالبات المتخرجات من التعليم الحكومي. وكان أهم توصيات هذه الدراسة: على قطاع التعليم الأهلي أن يضع الجودة في سلم أولوياته,وأن يضع لها الأهداف ويرسم لها الاستراتيجيات ويضع المؤشرات اللازمة لتأكد من أنه بالفعل حقق الدور المنوط به وهو تقديم مخرجات متميزة . كما أن على الوزارة أن تراقب الجودة في المنشآت التعليمية وبشكل مستمر وأن تربط ما تقدمه من إعانات بمدى تحقق الجودة في تلك المنشآت.
This study has aimed at knowing the quality level of the graduates of the Saudi Private Basic Education for the secondary stage compared with the graduates of the Governmental Basic Education . As the performance of the student during the university stage is a measure for the quality of the pre-university education, it has been based upon the university accumulative rate and the secondary stage rate as tow basic variables in this study. The experimental method has been followed through selecting two samples, fifty female students from the graduates of the private basic education and fifty female students from the graduates of the Governmental one. In addition to raise the accuracy level of this study tests, the nested design has been used. The sample of the private education has been divided into three groups; the group of the students who have obtained more than 85%, the group of more 90%, and the group of more than 95%, then fifty female students, who have the same ch
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
11 - qualitative research data analysis ( Dr. Abdullah Al-Beraidi - Dr. Ibrahim Althonayan - Dr.Ramzi)
1.
2. Research suggests that
There are a range of different techniques available for
qualitative data collection and analysis, but qualitative
management researchers often focus on using just a
small selection of them.
Researchers need to be more aware of the variety of
qualitative techniques of data collection and analysis that
are available
This may lead to more diverse ways of addressing
contemporary theoretical and practical issues.
3. • The process of systematically arranging and presenting
information
• to find meaning in the information collected (making sense
of human action)
• to conceptualise data into theory
• Three stages:
• coding
• discovering themes
• developing propositions
4. • Analytic induction
– developing a general hypothesis
– collecting data, analysing
– modifying and revising the hypothesis as data are
collected and analysed
– developing a satisfactory explanation
5. • Interpreting and theorising data
– forging connections between codes
– significance of findings for the lives of people studied
– importance of findings for the research question and the research
literature
• Typologies (conceptualising situations with
similar/different characteristics)
• Case study analysis (case summaries)
• Thematic analysis (themes and illustrations;
headings)
6. If you are doing research for a project or dissertation
you may not have the resources to pay for professional
transcription and unless you are an accurate touch
typist, it may take you a lot longer than the suggested
five to six hours per hour of speech. If you have
access to a transcription machine with a foot operated
stop-start mechanism this will make the task of
transcription somewhat easier. However, the important
thing to bear in mind is that you must allow sufficient
time for transcription and be realistic about how many
interviews you are going to be able to transcribe in the
time available.
7. Usage of pre-defined dictionaries
سابقا معرفة قواميس استخدام
only applicable for prescriptive codings
المنظوري الرصد في فقط سارية وهذه
Types of text analysis النصوص تحليل ت أنواع
Language use اللغة استخداما ت
- linguistic اللغوي الجانب
- compare to databank of words (from a dictionary)
- قاموس من ) الكلما ت من بنك مع )المقارنة
Content of Analysis التحليل محتوى
- qualitative نوعي
- event analysis (looking for sequences) تبعا ت عن الحدث)البحث )تحليل
- quantitative كمي
8. Manual or automated coding of transcripts
documents
المكتوبة للوثائق التوماتيكي أو اليدوي التسجيل
Example: Measure popularity of politician
by counting how often their name appears
on the first page of national newspapers
اسمه ظهور مرا ت عدد بحساب السياسيين أحد شعبية قياس :مثال
الرسمية الجريدة من الولى الصفحا ت على
9. Define the population of sources and a
sampling frame
العينا ت أخذ وإطار المعلوما ت مصادر مجتمع تعريف
population: national newspapers
:الرسمية الجرائد المعلومات مصادر مجتمع
sample: random sample of 50 issues published in 2007
العام في صادرة الجريدة من نسخة خمسين من عشوائية عينة :العينة2007
Define coding procedure
والتسجيل الرصد اجراءا ت تعريف
prescriptive (define certain words or phrases): Hillary Clinton
:( )كلينتون هيلري معينة تعابير أو كلمات تعريف المنظور
open coding (distill message of the text): How positive is the text
about Hillary Clinton
:( )هيلري حق في إيجابيا النص كون مدى ما النص من الرسائل استخلص المفتوح التسجيل
كيلنتون
Usage of pre-defined dictionaries
سابقا معرفة قواميس استخدام
only applicable for prescriptive coding
المنظوري الرصد في فقط سارية وهذه
10. Segments السقسام
Abstract statement
مجردة عبارة
Orientation segments: when (time) and where (place) who
(participants) of the story
القصة في (من ) والمشتركين ()أين والمكان ()متى الزمان :الموجهة القسام
Complicating action: sequence of events (antecedents and cause)
والسباب المقدما ت ) الحداث من سلسلة :الحداث )تركيب
Evaluation: provide the meanings of the actions from the
respondent’s perspective.
للدراسة المستجيبين نظر وجهة من الحدث معاني ويقدم :التقييم
Resolution: what happened and what is the conclusion
النتائج هي وما جرى الذي ما :والتفصيل ت القرارا ت
Coda: importance of story for phenomena investigated
الدراسة قيد للظواهر بالنسبة القصة أهمية :الخاتمة
11. Action research compared
النشط البحث مقارنة
Action Research
النشط البحث
Other research methods
للبحث أخرى طرق
Addresses real-life problems and is
bounded by the context
بالسياق مقيد وهو الفعلية الحياة مشاكل تخاطب
Addresses real-life as well as scientific
problems, and attempt to identify
general principles and their
contingencies
وضع الى تهدف و ،العلمية والمسائل الحياتية المشاكل تخاطب
احتمالتها و عامة مبادئ
Collaborative venture of researchers,
participants and practitioners
والممارسين والمشاركين الباحثين بين مشترك مشروع
Clear division of roles between
researchers, participants and
practitioners
والممارسين والمشاركين الباحثين بين للدوار واضح تقسيم
Continuous reflecting process of
research and action
والنشاط للبحث مستمرة عكس عملية
Usually, clear division between the
research process and implementation
processes
التطبيقية والعملية البحثية العملية بين واضحا فصل تكون ما عادة
Credibility – the validity of action
research is measured on whether the
actions solve the problems and realize
the desired change
على العمل قدرة بمدى النشط البحث مصداقية تقاس – المصداقية
المرجوة التغييرات وتحقيق المشاكل حل
Credibility – the validity of research is
established by statistical core figures
and successful replications
الهامة الحصائية الرقام طريق عن مصداقيتها تقاس – المصداقية
للبحث الناجحة التكرارت و
12. Pattern Matching
- between prediction and facts
Explanation Building
- initial theoretical statement
- compare findings with statement
- revise statement
- compare other details against revision
Time Series Analysis
- investigate differences along time not
across subjects
13. • Codes enable us to retrieve and reorganise the data
according to conceptual themes
• codes can be derived from:
– the interviewees’ stories
– research question
– theoretical framework
• Codes are tentative
• Codes are the first step in generating theory
14. • de-contextualising what is said
• losing the context
• fragmenting the data
• losing the narrative flow
• coding may be unsuited for particular forms of data (e.g.
narrative interviews, focus groups)
15. • ‘code and retrieve’
• computer takes over the manual labour involved – the
researcher must still interpret the data!
• packages: The Ethnograph, NVivo, Atlas.ti,
NUD*IST
• alternatively use word processing package (e.g. MS Word)
16. • Advantages:
•Fast and efficient
• Helpful in developing explanations (e.g. use of socio demographic
variables to create different cases; use of ‘trees’)
Concerns:
• Fragmentation, de-contextualisation of data
• Not suitable for certain forms of data (narrative interviews, focus
group data)
17. These data were collected from students who, as part of a class on
Writing and Writer’s Block, were set the following preparatory work:
“Describe in detail how you write. Pay particular attention to the details.
There must be no conferring with other people. Bring your written piece
to the next class.”
The data were obtained from a convenience sample of ten students.
Permission to use these data in a suitably anonymised form for
teaching purposes was obtained. Thus, the total data set available for
this exercise for the analysis of qualitative data comprises ten individual
data files, each containing a short narrative.
تدرس صفية شعبة من جزء )هم الطل ب من مجموعة من البيانات هذه جمع تموعقبات الكتابة
الكاتبأدق تقديم الى وانتبه ،للكتابة تجلس كيف بالتفصيل "صف التالي السؤال سئلوا الذين (
."القادمة محاضرتنا الى المكتوبة اجابتك وأحضر الجابة طريقة في أحدا تشاور ل ،التفاصيل
على الموافقة تحصيل تم وقد طل ب عشر من مكونة مناسبة مجموعة من البيانات على الحصول تم
فإن ، وعليه ،المعلومات سرية مراعاة مع علمية لرغراض الملمئم النحو على المعلومات استخدام
ملفات عشر من تتكون النوعية البحاث بتحليل الخاص التمرين هذا في المستخدمة الكلية البيانات
الكتابة لعملية سرديا وصفا تحوي منها واحدة كل ،فردية
18. How does the technique link in with my epistemological position?
Data analysis needs to link in with the underlying philosophical
stance of the research
How structured are my research aims? For example is the research
aiming to develop hypotheses, answer research questions, or
explore sensitising concepts?
What kind of data are being analysed?
What are my personal preferences re structured/ unstructured
techniques?
Will I be using a computer package to enable my analysis?