Coccydynia
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•1,310 views
Coccydynia refers to pain in the coccyx bone. It is commonly caused by direct trauma, repetitive strain from activities like cycling or prolonged sitting. The coccyx has 4 fused vertebrae that attach to muscles in the pelvic floor. Pain is usually felt sitting and can increase before menstruation. Diagnosis involves physical exam, x-rays, and steroid injections. Conservative treatments include cushions, physical therapy, and NSAIDs, which are effective for 95% of patients. For severe cases, options include corticosteroid injections, nerve blocks, coccygectomy surgery. Complications of surgery can include infection or injury to nearby structures.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
chondromalacia patellae
Chondromalacia patellae, also known as runner's knee, is a softening and roughening of the cartilage under the kneecap caused by mechanical overload of the patellofemoral joint. Symptoms include pain in front of or beneath the kneecap that is aggravated by activity like climbing stairs. Examination may reveal tenderness under the kneecap edge or crepitus with knee movement. Conservative treatments include rest, ice, strengthening exercises, and anti-inflammatory medication. Surgery to realign or elevate the patella may be considered if conservative treatments fail after 6 months.
lumbarisation.pptx
Lumbarization and sacralization are spinal anomalies where the typical number of vertebrae in the lumbar or sacral spine is altered. Lumbarization occurs when the first sacral segment is not fully fused, appearing as a sixth lumbar vertebra. Sacralization is when the fifth lumbar vertebra is fused to the sacrum, appearing as one fewer lumbar vertebra. These conditions can cause lower back pain and biomechanical strain. Treatment may include medications, injections, physiotherapy including stretching, strengthening, and stabilization exercises, and in some cases surgery.
Shoulder dislocation with physiotherapy management
The document summarizes the types, diagnosis, treatment, and physiotherapy management of shoulder dislocations. There are three main types of shoulder dislocations - anterior, posterior, and luxatio erecta. Anterior dislocations are the most common, often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization for 3 weeks, followed by a mobilization phase and physiotherapy to regain full range of motion. Physiotherapy focuses on strengthening muscles around the shoulder and regaining passive range of motion to prevent recurrent dislocations and return to full function.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
Frozen Shoulder Physiotherapy Management
Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by painful restriction of shoulder movement. Management includes corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation, NSAIDs for pain, and manipulation under anesthesia or mobilization to improve range of motion. Physiotherapy goals are to reduce pain through ultrasound, mobilization, and stretching, improve range of motion through passive, active assisted, and active exercises, and strengthen muscles with isometrics, rotator cuff exercises, and scapular exercises. A home program including pendular exercises and aquatic therapy is also recommended.
Mallet finger
Mallet finger, or drop finger, is a deformity of the finger caused by damage to the extensor tendon below the DIP joint, preventing straightening of the fingertip. It most commonly occurs in the long, ring, or small finger of the dominant hand in young males after the fingertip is forcibly bent backwards. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury but generally involves splinting the finger to keep the DIP joint straight as the tendon heals, usually for 6-8 weeks. Surgery may be needed for open injuries, large bone fragments, or if non-surgical treatment is unsuccessful. Complications can include an extensor lag deformity or swan neck deformity if not properly
Bicipital tendonitis
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Mckenzie exercise
Hello everyone here I upload mckenzie exrercise basic details and some of its position.Its technique for use to cervical, Lumabar pain relief via particular position.Thank you.
Recommended
chondromalacia patellae
Chondromalacia patellae, also known as runner's knee, is a softening and roughening of the cartilage under the kneecap caused by mechanical overload of the patellofemoral joint. Symptoms include pain in front of or beneath the kneecap that is aggravated by activity like climbing stairs. Examination may reveal tenderness under the kneecap edge or crepitus with knee movement. Conservative treatments include rest, ice, strengthening exercises, and anti-inflammatory medication. Surgery to realign or elevate the patella may be considered if conservative treatments fail after 6 months.
lumbarisation.pptx
Lumbarization and sacralization are spinal anomalies where the typical number of vertebrae in the lumbar or sacral spine is altered. Lumbarization occurs when the first sacral segment is not fully fused, appearing as a sixth lumbar vertebra. Sacralization is when the fifth lumbar vertebra is fused to the sacrum, appearing as one fewer lumbar vertebra. These conditions can cause lower back pain and biomechanical strain. Treatment may include medications, injections, physiotherapy including stretching, strengthening, and stabilization exercises, and in some cases surgery.
Shoulder dislocation with physiotherapy management
The document summarizes the types, diagnosis, treatment, and physiotherapy management of shoulder dislocations. There are three main types of shoulder dislocations - anterior, posterior, and luxatio erecta. Anterior dislocations are the most common, often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization for 3 weeks, followed by a mobilization phase and physiotherapy to regain full range of motion. Physiotherapy focuses on strengthening muscles around the shoulder and regaining passive range of motion to prevent recurrent dislocations and return to full function.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
Frozen Shoulder Physiotherapy Management
Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by painful restriction of shoulder movement. Management includes corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation, NSAIDs for pain, and manipulation under anesthesia or mobilization to improve range of motion. Physiotherapy goals are to reduce pain through ultrasound, mobilization, and stretching, improve range of motion through passive, active assisted, and active exercises, and strengthen muscles with isometrics, rotator cuff exercises, and scapular exercises. A home program including pendular exercises and aquatic therapy is also recommended.
Mallet finger
Mallet finger, or drop finger, is a deformity of the finger caused by damage to the extensor tendon below the DIP joint, preventing straightening of the fingertip. It most commonly occurs in the long, ring, or small finger of the dominant hand in young males after the fingertip is forcibly bent backwards. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury but generally involves splinting the finger to keep the DIP joint straight as the tendon heals, usually for 6-8 weeks. Surgery may be needed for open injuries, large bone fragments, or if non-surgical treatment is unsuccessful. Complications can include an extensor lag deformity or swan neck deformity if not properly
Bicipital tendonitis
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Mckenzie exercise
Hello everyone here I upload mckenzie exrercise basic details and some of its position.Its technique for use to cervical, Lumabar pain relief via particular position.Thank you.
Principles of mulligan
Brian Mulligan described novel concept of the simultaneous application of therapist applied accessory mobilizations and patient generated active movements
Tail bone pain / Coccydynia
This is a short patient education and awarness presentation on tail bone pain (coccydynia). This presentation delivers a brief information on causes, diagnosis, investigations and treatment of tail bone pain,
Disclaimer:
This presentation is solely for educational purpose.
Peripheral nerve injury
This document provides information on peripheral nerve injuries, including the structure of nerves, classifications of nerve injuries, common sites of injury for specific nerves like the ulnar and radial nerves, clinical features of injuries, and treatment approaches. It details Seddon's and Sunderland's classifications of nerve injuries, which range from neurapraxia to neurotmesis depending on the severity of axonal and neural sheath damage. Specific injuries like ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow or Guyon's canal are discussed. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options are presented.
Whiplash injury
This document discusses whiplash, which refers to injuries to the neck caused by sudden acceleration-deceleration movements like those in car accidents. It begins by outlining the history and terminology of whiplash. The mechanism of injury involves cervical acceleration and deceleration, stretching and tearing muscles and tendons. Common causes are car accidents and falls. Injuries can range from muscle strains to fractures. Symptoms include neck pain and stiffness. Treatment involves immobilization, medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery for severe cases. Most patients see gradual improvement over 3 months to a year.
Osteotomy and physiotherapy
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts or divides bone to improve the function of a limb or provide stability to a joint. It involves three stages - dividing the bone, immobilizing it to allow correction and realignment, and physiotherapy to restore full function. Different types of osteotomies like closing wedge, opening wedge, and oblique cuts are used to correct various bone deformities and dysfunctions. Post-surgery physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain and swelling, maintaining stability, and gradually improving range of motion and strength. Complications can include under or overcorrection of deformity, nerve damage, compartment syndrome, and non-union of bone.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management, definition, anatomy, Classification, etiology, Clinical feature, Diagnostic Test, Special test( Roos Test/ Elevated arms stress test, Adson maneuver, Wright’s Test Or maneuver, Shoulder Girdle Passive Elevation/ Cyriax Release, Costoclavicular syndrome test/ Military brace Test, Provocative Elevation test, Halsted maneuver, ULTT), Investigation, Physiotherapy, management, Exercise, Serratus anterior,
Volkmann's ischaemic contracture
This presentation is made to act as a guide and a short reminder to clinicians and medical students on Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, which is a medical condition that can lead to activities limitation and public participation restriction. This presentation explore aspects of the condition such as what it is, causes, how it can be diagnosed, how it can be managed and others.
Patellar fractures & Physiotherapy
Patellar fractures can be classified as displaced or nondisplaced. Treatment depends on the type of fracture and may include casting, open reduction and internal fixation, or partial/total patellectomy. The rehabilitation goals are to restore full range of motion, improve muscle strength and balance especially of the quadriceps, and normalize gait. Long-term considerations include the potential for loss of correction, degenerative changes, quadriceps shortening, knee flexion contractures, and chondromalacia patella.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome involves compression of the tibial nerve as it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum in the ankle. It causes pain, numbness and tingling in the foot. Non-surgical treatments include orthotics, stretching, weight loss and activity modification. Surgery to release the flexor retinaculum may be considered if non-surgical options fail. Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is a similar condition affecting the deep peroneal nerve. Risk factors include ankle injuries and activities that put repetitive stress on the ankle.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is an inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the elbow caused by repetitive motions like tennis, volleyball, or computer use. It causes pain on the outside of the elbow and weakness when grasping. Resting the elbow and avoiding aggravating activities for 2-3 weeks is the first treatment, along with icing, anti-inflammatory medication, and exercises to maintain flexibility and strength once healing begins.
Lateral epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a painful condition caused by overuse and microtears of the tendons that connect the forearm muscles to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The condition results in pain at the outside of the elbow. Conservative treatments include activity modification, bracing, stretching, strengthening exercises, and shock wave therapy. Surgical intervention is considered if conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 6 months.
arthrodesis
This document provides information on various arthrodesis procedures. Arthrodesis is a surgical technique used to fuse a dysfunctional joint to relieve pain. It summarizes techniques for fusing specific joints like the shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, hip, and knee. For each joint, it describes common indications, positions, surgical approaches, fixation methods, and post-operative care. Complications are also reviewed. The document is a comprehensive reference for orthopedic surgeons on the principles and techniques of different arthrodesis procedures.
Physiotherapy Management in Peripheral nerve & Plexus injuries
1. The document discusses various aspects of peripheral nerve anatomy and injury. It describes the formation and branches of the major plexuses from spinal nerves and classifies peripheral nerve injuries.
2. Mechanisms of nerve injury including compression, ischemia, traction and friction are outlined. The process of nerve degeneration and regeneration after injury is explained.
3. Methods for assessing peripheral nerve injuries are provided, including history taking, physical examination techniques, and electrodiagnostic studies. Specific peripheral nerves like the radial and ulnar nerves are used as examples.
Mckenzie approach, Mechanical Diagnosis Therapy, Directional preference
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
PRINCIPLES OF TENDON TRANSFERS
This document discusses principles of tendon transfers for restoring lost movement. It outlines key principles such as having supple joints before transfer, using a donor tendon with adequate excursion and strength, adhering to principles of synergy and straight line of pull. The timing of transfers depends on the likelihood of nerve recovery but can be done early to aid recovery. Contraindications include a lack of suitable donor muscles or transfers for joints with stiffness. Classification systems like Sunderland and Seddon are used to describe nerve injuries requiring tendon transfers.
Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the plantar fascia in the foot that causes heel pain. It is caused by overuse from activities like long-distance running or tight calf muscles limiting the foot's range of motion. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and warmth in the heel area. Conservative treatments include stretching exercises, orthotics, night splints, taping, and manual therapies to increase flexibility and support the arch. Treatment may last several months to two years and surgery is an option for severe cases that do not improve.
Patellar tendinopathy
Patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee, is a chronic overuse injury caused by repetitive stress on the knee extensor mechanism from activities like jumping, running, and kicking. It results from microtears in the patellar tendon from forces that are 3 times greater than normal during movements like acceleration, deceleration, takeoff, and landing. Symptoms include dull aching knee pain after exercise that worsens with sitting or stairs. Treatment focuses on eccentric strengthening exercises and bracing to promote healing of the tendon.
Mc Kenzie Method (MDT)
The McKenzie Method is a classification system and treatment approach developed by Robin McKenzie for back, neck, and extremity pain. It involves assessing a patient's response to various movements and positions to determine the cause of their pain and develop an individualized exercise plan. The goals are to centralize or reduce pain. There are three main syndromes - postural, dysfunction, and derangement - each with different treatments like posture correction, mobilizing exercises, or movements to induce a directional preference. The McKenzie Method aims to actively involve patients to self-manage their pain.
Rotator cuff injuries
Pratigya Deuja-
Rotator cuff injuries- Definition, etiology, pathology, clinical features, clinical management, physiotherapy management
SI JOINT DYSFUNCTION.pptx
SI joint dysfunction, causes,risk factors,muscles, ligaments affected the most, differentional diagnosis, x-findings, special test, muscles strengthening, ligament strengthening, daily physiotherapy protocal, electrotherapy treatment, strengthening and stretching protcol, precautions, postural correction
Acute appendicitis &lump
1. Acute appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen, leading to increased intraluminal pressure, edema, and bacterial invasion.
2. The classic presentation includes initially vague periumbilical pain that later localizes to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and low-grade fever.
3. On examination, tenderness is elicited over McBurney's point with guarding and rebound tenderness. Diagnosis is suggested by clinical scoring systems and confirmed by ultrasound or CT scan showing a thick-walled, inflamed appendix.
TB spine and POTT'S paraplegia
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB) of the spine and Pott's paraplegia. It discusses the microbiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, predisposing factors for spinal TB, the surgical anatomy of the spine, pathology and signs/symptoms of spinal TB. Diagnosis involves clinical features, lab investigations like ESR, imaging studies. Treatment involves managing any Pott's paraplegia as well as surgical or nonsurgical management of the spinal TB.
More Related Content
What's hot
Principles of mulligan
Brian Mulligan described novel concept of the simultaneous application of therapist applied accessory mobilizations and patient generated active movements
Tail bone pain / Coccydynia
This is a short patient education and awarness presentation on tail bone pain (coccydynia). This presentation delivers a brief information on causes, diagnosis, investigations and treatment of tail bone pain,
Disclaimer:
This presentation is solely for educational purpose.
Peripheral nerve injury
This document provides information on peripheral nerve injuries, including the structure of nerves, classifications of nerve injuries, common sites of injury for specific nerves like the ulnar and radial nerves, clinical features of injuries, and treatment approaches. It details Seddon's and Sunderland's classifications of nerve injuries, which range from neurapraxia to neurotmesis depending on the severity of axonal and neural sheath damage. Specific injuries like ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow or Guyon's canal are discussed. Both non-surgical and surgical treatment options are presented.
Whiplash injury
This document discusses whiplash, which refers to injuries to the neck caused by sudden acceleration-deceleration movements like those in car accidents. It begins by outlining the history and terminology of whiplash. The mechanism of injury involves cervical acceleration and deceleration, stretching and tearing muscles and tendons. Common causes are car accidents and falls. Injuries can range from muscle strains to fractures. Symptoms include neck pain and stiffness. Treatment involves immobilization, medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery for severe cases. Most patients see gradual improvement over 3 months to a year.
Osteotomy and physiotherapy
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts or divides bone to improve the function of a limb or provide stability to a joint. It involves three stages - dividing the bone, immobilizing it to allow correction and realignment, and physiotherapy to restore full function. Different types of osteotomies like closing wedge, opening wedge, and oblique cuts are used to correct various bone deformities and dysfunctions. Post-surgery physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain and swelling, maintaining stability, and gradually improving range of motion and strength. Complications can include under or overcorrection of deformity, nerve damage, compartment syndrome, and non-union of bone.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management, definition, anatomy, Classification, etiology, Clinical feature, Diagnostic Test, Special test( Roos Test/ Elevated arms stress test, Adson maneuver, Wright’s Test Or maneuver, Shoulder Girdle Passive Elevation/ Cyriax Release, Costoclavicular syndrome test/ Military brace Test, Provocative Elevation test, Halsted maneuver, ULTT), Investigation, Physiotherapy, management, Exercise, Serratus anterior,
Volkmann's ischaemic contracture
This presentation is made to act as a guide and a short reminder to clinicians and medical students on Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, which is a medical condition that can lead to activities limitation and public participation restriction. This presentation explore aspects of the condition such as what it is, causes, how it can be diagnosed, how it can be managed and others.
Patellar fractures & Physiotherapy
Patellar fractures can be classified as displaced or nondisplaced. Treatment depends on the type of fracture and may include casting, open reduction and internal fixation, or partial/total patellectomy. The rehabilitation goals are to restore full range of motion, improve muscle strength and balance especially of the quadriceps, and normalize gait. Long-term considerations include the potential for loss of correction, degenerative changes, quadriceps shortening, knee flexion contractures, and chondromalacia patella.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome involves compression of the tibial nerve as it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum in the ankle. It causes pain, numbness and tingling in the foot. Non-surgical treatments include orthotics, stretching, weight loss and activity modification. Surgery to release the flexor retinaculum may be considered if non-surgical options fail. Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is a similar condition affecting the deep peroneal nerve. Risk factors include ankle injuries and activities that put repetitive stress on the ankle.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is an inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the elbow caused by repetitive motions like tennis, volleyball, or computer use. It causes pain on the outside of the elbow and weakness when grasping. Resting the elbow and avoiding aggravating activities for 2-3 weeks is the first treatment, along with icing, anti-inflammatory medication, and exercises to maintain flexibility and strength once healing begins.
Lateral epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a painful condition caused by overuse and microtears of the tendons that connect the forearm muscles to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The condition results in pain at the outside of the elbow. Conservative treatments include activity modification, bracing, stretching, strengthening exercises, and shock wave therapy. Surgical intervention is considered if conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 6 months.
arthrodesis
This document provides information on various arthrodesis procedures. Arthrodesis is a surgical technique used to fuse a dysfunctional joint to relieve pain. It summarizes techniques for fusing specific joints like the shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, hip, and knee. For each joint, it describes common indications, positions, surgical approaches, fixation methods, and post-operative care. Complications are also reviewed. The document is a comprehensive reference for orthopedic surgeons on the principles and techniques of different arthrodesis procedures.
Physiotherapy Management in Peripheral nerve & Plexus injuries
1. The document discusses various aspects of peripheral nerve anatomy and injury. It describes the formation and branches of the major plexuses from spinal nerves and classifies peripheral nerve injuries.
2. Mechanisms of nerve injury including compression, ischemia, traction and friction are outlined. The process of nerve degeneration and regeneration after injury is explained.
3. Methods for assessing peripheral nerve injuries are provided, including history taking, physical examination techniques, and electrodiagnostic studies. Specific peripheral nerves like the radial and ulnar nerves are used as examples.
Mckenzie approach, Mechanical Diagnosis Therapy, Directional preference
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
PRINCIPLES OF TENDON TRANSFERS
This document discusses principles of tendon transfers for restoring lost movement. It outlines key principles such as having supple joints before transfer, using a donor tendon with adequate excursion and strength, adhering to principles of synergy and straight line of pull. The timing of transfers depends on the likelihood of nerve recovery but can be done early to aid recovery. Contraindications include a lack of suitable donor muscles or transfers for joints with stiffness. Classification systems like Sunderland and Seddon are used to describe nerve injuries requiring tendon transfers.
Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the plantar fascia in the foot that causes heel pain. It is caused by overuse from activities like long-distance running or tight calf muscles limiting the foot's range of motion. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and warmth in the heel area. Conservative treatments include stretching exercises, orthotics, night splints, taping, and manual therapies to increase flexibility and support the arch. Treatment may last several months to two years and surgery is an option for severe cases that do not improve.
Patellar tendinopathy
Patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee, is a chronic overuse injury caused by repetitive stress on the knee extensor mechanism from activities like jumping, running, and kicking. It results from microtears in the patellar tendon from forces that are 3 times greater than normal during movements like acceleration, deceleration, takeoff, and landing. Symptoms include dull aching knee pain after exercise that worsens with sitting or stairs. Treatment focuses on eccentric strengthening exercises and bracing to promote healing of the tendon.
Mc Kenzie Method (MDT)
The McKenzie Method is a classification system and treatment approach developed by Robin McKenzie for back, neck, and extremity pain. It involves assessing a patient's response to various movements and positions to determine the cause of their pain and develop an individualized exercise plan. The goals are to centralize or reduce pain. There are three main syndromes - postural, dysfunction, and derangement - each with different treatments like posture correction, mobilizing exercises, or movements to induce a directional preference. The McKenzie Method aims to actively involve patients to self-manage their pain.
Rotator cuff injuries
Pratigya Deuja-
Rotator cuff injuries- Definition, etiology, pathology, clinical features, clinical management, physiotherapy management
SI JOINT DYSFUNCTION.pptx
SI joint dysfunction, causes,risk factors,muscles, ligaments affected the most, differentional diagnosis, x-findings, special test, muscles strengthening, ligament strengthening, daily physiotherapy protocal, electrotherapy treatment, strengthening and stretching protcol, precautions, postural correction
What's hot (20)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Physiotherapy Management
Physiotherapy Management in Peripheral nerve & Plexus injuries
Physiotherapy Management in Peripheral nerve & Plexus injuries
Mckenzie approach, Mechanical Diagnosis Therapy, Directional preference
Mckenzie approach, Mechanical Diagnosis Therapy, Directional preference
Similar to Coccydynia
Acute appendicitis &lump
1. Acute appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen, leading to increased intraluminal pressure, edema, and bacterial invasion.
2. The classic presentation includes initially vague periumbilical pain that later localizes to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and low-grade fever.
3. On examination, tenderness is elicited over McBurney's point with guarding and rebound tenderness. Diagnosis is suggested by clinical scoring systems and confirmed by ultrasound or CT scan showing a thick-walled, inflamed appendix.
TB spine and POTT'S paraplegia
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB) of the spine and Pott's paraplegia. It discusses the microbiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, predisposing factors for spinal TB, the surgical anatomy of the spine, pathology and signs/symptoms of spinal TB. Diagnosis involves clinical features, lab investigations like ESR, imaging studies. Treatment involves managing any Pott's paraplegia as well as surgical or nonsurgical management of the spinal TB.
Tb spine and pott’s paraplegia
1. Tuberculosis of the spine, also known as Pott's disease, is the most common form of skeletal tuberculosis. It accounts for 50% of all bone and joint tuberculosis cases.
2. Characteristic features on radiology include destruction of the intervertebral disc space and adjacent vertebral bodies, resulting in collapse and kyphotic deformity.
3. Treatment involves a prolonged course of multi-drug anti-tuberculosis therapy to prevent neurological complications and disabling deformities. With modern treatment, patients can often heal with minimal residual deformity.
Ank spond and dish
This document provides information on Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), including:
- It is an inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing stiffness and fusion of the joints. HLA-B27 gene and TNF play a role in its pathogenesis.
- Signs and symptoms include back pain, limited spinal mobility, chest expansion and peripheral joint involvement. Imaging shows bone erosion and formation in affected areas.
- Treatment involves exercise, NSAIDs, and biologics targeting TNF. Surgery may be needed in advanced cases to correct deformities.
Approach to Ano Rectal Malformations - Dr Padmesh - Neonatology
This document discusses anorectal malformations (ARMs), which occur in approximately 1 in 4,000 to 5,000 births. ARMs can be low or high lesions depending on whether the rectum has descended through the sphincter complex. Surgical techniques for repair include primary repair for perineal/vestibular fistulas or staged repair for more complex cases involving diverting colostomy, definitive reconstruction, and later colostomy closure. Outcomes depend on the extent and nature of the anomaly as well as surgical expertise, with risks including urinary/fecal incontinence. Thorough evaluation and thoughtful surgical care are important to determine the future of children born with ARMs.
Si joint dysfunction
This document discusses sacroiliac joint dysfunction. It begins by describing the anatomy of the sacroiliac joint, including its ligaments, muscles that stabilize it, and typical movements. It then discusses causes of sacroiliac dysfunction like trauma, mechanics issues, and systemic diseases. Common clinical signs are described along with examination tests like the Faber test. Various types of sacroiliac dysfunctions are outlined such as rotational issues, sacral torsions, and shearing. Treatment approaches mentioned include manual therapy, exercises, and in severe cases, surgery. Proper sleeping position is also recommended for sacroiliac joint pain.
Tb spine
This document provides information on tuberculosis of the skeletal system (Potts disease). It discusses the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, investigations including imaging findings, microbiological studies, treatment including medical management and surgical options, as well as outcomes of skeletal tuberculosis. Key points include that India accounts for a large portion of global tuberculosis cases, it most commonly involves the thoracic spine, and treatment involves a combination of anti-tubercular medications and surgery in some cases to address complications or deformities.
Potts spine PART 1
This document provides information on Potts spine, including its pathophysiology and management principles. It discusses how tuberculosis spreads to the spinal column, causing destruction of vertebral bodies and discs, collapse, and deformity. Risk factors, symptoms, investigations, classifications of lesions and paraplegia, medical management using antitubercular therapy, and indications for surgical treatment are summarized. The goals of surgery are decompression, deformity correction, and spinal stabilization.
SCOLIOSIS - S.R.SHYAMALA FINAL YEAR.pdf
SCOLIOSIS IS A INTERESTING DEFORMITY WERE WE CAN LEARN A MANY THINGS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS. AT NEUROLOGIC LEVELS ,CARDIO LEVELS,BIOMECHANICAL LEVELS , RESEARCH LEVELS ETC....
Idiopathic chondrolysis of hip
Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip is a rare condition characterized by rapid loss of articular cartilage in the hip joint. It mainly affects adolescents and is more common in females. The cause is unknown but may be related to mechanical insults or abnormal cartilage metabolism. Pathology shows erosion of cartilage and exposure of subchondral bone. Clinically, patients experience worsening hip pain and loss of motion. X-rays show decreasing joint space over time leading to osteoarthritis. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation followed by physical therapy and avoiding weight bearing.
Oesophagoscopy
The document provides a history of the development of endoscopy of the esophagus and related structures. It describes innovations from the early 19th century using candles for illumination to the modern development of flexible fiberoptic endoscopy in the 1960s. It also summarizes the anatomy of the esophagus including its parts, walls, blood supply, lymphatics and innervation. Finally, it discusses techniques for rigid and flexible esophagoscopy along with potential complications.
Pelvic anatomy
The document provides an overview of pelvic anatomy including:
1) It describes the three compartments of the pelvis (anterior, middle, posterior), pelvic structures like the bladder, uterus and rectum, and three supporting structures (endopelvic fascia, pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm).
2) It explains the pelvic diaphragm muscles (levator ani, puborectalis), their roles in support and continence, and how they can be identified on MRI.
3) It discusses the endopelvic fascia and its role in supporting pelvic organs, as well as ligaments like the uterosacral lig
Ankylosing spondylitis.pptx
Join us for an enlightening seminar delving into the intricate world of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). This event aims to provide a deep understanding of AS, a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine and pelvis.
Seminar Highlights:
Introduction to Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Definition, prevalence, and demographic insights.
Clinical Features and Diagnosis:
Recognizing early symptoms and the diagnostic journey.
The role of imaging and laboratory tests.
Understanding the Pathophysiology:
In-depth exploration of the immune system's role.
Genetic factors and their impact on AS.
Treatment Modalities:
Current pharmacological interventions.
Physical therapy and lifestyle management.
Quality of Life and Mental Health:
Addressing the holistic impact of AS on daily life.
Strategies for maintaining mental and emotional well-being.
Research Advances and Future Directions:
Overview of cutting-edge research in AS.
Promising avenues for future treatments and interventions.
Managing the acute abdomen in the ER
This document discusses the evaluation and management of acute abdominal pain in the emergency room. It begins with a brief review of gastrointestinal anatomy. It then covers the physiology of abdominal pain and clinical evaluation of acute abdominal pain. Specific attention is given to right lower quadrant and left lower quadrant pain, discussing appendicitis and diverticulitis respectively in terms of pathophysiology, presentation, workup, and treatment. Surgical versus non-surgical etiologies of acute abdominal pain are also reviewed.
Surgical anatomy in obs & gyn
This document provides an overview of the surgical anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall that is relevant for obstetrics and gynecology. It describes the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from the skin down to the parietal peritoneum. Key structures discussed include the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, the rectus sheath, inguinal canal, linea alba, fascia, and blood supply. The document emphasizes important anatomical landmarks and variations that are important to consider during abdominal surgeries.
classification of pelvic fracture
The document summarizes pelvic fractures, including the anatomy of the pelvis, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, and radiographic evaluation. The pelvis is comprised of hip bones, sacrum and coccyx. There are four pelvic joints held together by ligaments. Pelvic fractures can result from high-energy injuries like car accidents or falls, or low-energy injuries in athletes. Two common classification systems - Young and Burgess and Tiles - categorize fractures based on mechanism of injury and stability. Radiographic evaluation includes x-rays and CT/MRI to diagnose fracture patterns and assess stability.
Ventral hernia inguinal hernia anterior abdominal wall .pptx
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and types of ventral hernias. It describes the layers of the anterior abdominal wall including skin, superficial and deep fascia, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, transversalis fascia, and rectus abdominis muscles. It then discusses various types of ventral hernias including umbilical, epigastric, incisional, lumbar, and Spigelian hernias. Risk factors, clinical features, and approaches to repair are summarized for each hernia type.
Pelvic Diaphragm
This 37 slide presentation provides an overview of the pelvis and pelvic floor anatomy. It discusses the bones that make up the pelvis, the true and false pelvis cavities, and the pelvic viscera in males and females. The muscles of the pelvic floor are described in detail, including the levator ani muscle and its components. Other structures covered include the pelvic fasciae, vasculature, nerves, pudendal canal, and related clinical terms. The presentation provides a comprehensive review of key anatomical structures and relationships in the pelvis region.
TB Spine ortho.pptx
tuberculosis of the spine.
TB Spine
Pott's disease
management of TB Spine
management of Tuberculosis of the Spine
Sacral injuries
This document discusses sacrum fractures, including their classification, examination, imaging, treatment, and complications. It describes Denis zones of sacrum fractures and their associated neurological injuries. Treatment involves conservative management with bed rest for stable fractures without deficits or surgery for unstable fractures and those with neurological injuries. Surgical options include percutaneous or open reduction and internal fixation.
Similar to Coccydynia (20)
Approach to Ano Rectal Malformations - Dr Padmesh - Neonatology
Approach to Ano Rectal Malformations - Dr Padmesh - Neonatology
Ventral hernia inguinal hernia anterior abdominal wall .pptx
Ventral hernia inguinal hernia anterior abdominal wall .pptx
More from PratikDhabalia
Wrist drop
The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand. Damage to the radial nerve causes wrist drop where the patient is unable to extend the wrist and fingers, impairing grasping. Symptoms include pain, numbness, weakness of hand grip and drooping of the wrist and fingers. Diagnosis involves assessing range of motion, imaging tests and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, injections, bracing and physical therapy.
Tourniquets
Tourniquets are devices used to control blood flow to an extremity during surgery. Various types of tourniquets have been developed throughout history including the Esmarch bandage and modern pneumatic tourniquets. Proper tourniquet placement and pressure are important to minimize complications like nerve injury, muscle injury, and bleeding. Tourniquet time should be limited to 1.5-2 hours to avoid local and systemic effects. Complications can be further reduced by following precautions during tourniquet application and use.
Torticollis
Torticollis is a twisting of the neck that can have several causes. In newborns, it is often due to injuries during birth or fetal positioning, while in older children it may result from neck injuries, infections, or other conditions. The document discusses the main types and causes of torticollis, including congenital muscular torticollis in newborns, self-limiting torticollis, trauma, infections, tumors, and certain drugs. Ultrasound is often used to diagnose congenital cases in newborns, while CT and MRI are used to diagnose other causes like trauma, infections, or tumors in older children. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include stretching, physical therapy
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the blood vessels or nerves in the thoracic outlet - the space between the lower neck and upper chest - become compressed. This can cause pain and numbness in the shoulders and neck as well as reduced pulse. It is commonly caused by anatomical variations like cervical ribs or muscle abnormalities that reduce the space available to the neurovascular structures passing through. Diagnosis involves clinical tests like Adson's maneuver and imaging like MRI. Treatment ranges from physiotherapy and analgesics for mild cases to surgical removal of the first rib and scalene muscles for more severe or progressive cases.
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the common extensor tendon near the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. It results from repetitive microtears in the tendon due to overuse from activities involving forceful wrist extension. Clinically, it presents as lateral elbow pain that worsens with activities like handshaking or turning a doorknob. Physical examination reveals tenderness over the lateral epicondyle. While most cases resolve with conservative treatment like rest, NSAIDs, bracing, and physical therapy within 6-12 months, surgical debridement may be considered for persistent or recurrent cases.
Tendo achilles
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone and is active during walking, running, and jumping. It is vulnerable to rupture, which commonly occurs in the watershed area 2-6cm above the heel in males ages 25-50 during sports. Diagnosis involves physical exam findings like inability to raise the toes and a gap or defect being felt. Treatment options include immobilization in a cast or surgical repair, with the goal of restoring proper tension and length. Post-operative care focuses on protecting the repair during healing over 6 months using casts, braces, and physical therapy.
Surgical site infections
Surgical site infections occur when bacteria enter through an incision made during surgery. They are classified as superficial, deep, or organ/space infections. Common causative agents include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Factors that increase risk include patient health issues like malnutrition or diabetes as well as surgical factors like poor technique, inadequate prophylactic antibiotics, or an unclean operating environment. Diagnosis involves clinical signs plus lab and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, wound debridement, and drainage. Prevention strategies focus on proper patient preparation, strict sterile techniques in the operating room, and careful post-operative wound care.
Spinal cord tractography
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography are MRI techniques that can be used together to non-invasively visualize spinal cord tracts. DTI measures the anisotropic diffusion of water in tissue to infer the orientation of white matter tracts. Fiber tractography then generates 3D reconstructions of the tracts. This technique provides information about spinal cord injuries or other pathologies. However, it faces challenges from motion artifacts and has limitations when tracts converge or cross or are non-homogeneous. Despite this, DTI tractography can be used to prognosticate outcomes from spinal cord deformities, injuries, tumors, or myelopathies. Two case studies are described, one with a C6 burst fracture
Spina ventosa
Spina ventosa is a form of tuberculous dactylitis that affects the short tubular bones of the hands and feet in children. It occurs secondary to tuberculosis infection and presents as swelling and tenderness of the affected bone. Investigations may show leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest x-rays and bone x-rays can identify periosteal reaction, lytic lesions, or sclerosis. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. A case report described a 13-year-old girl with left index finger pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite who was found to have spina ventosa on biopsy along with a tuberculoma seen on brain MRI. She was started on antitub
Snapping hip syndrome
There are three main types of snapping hip: external, internal, and intra-articular. External snapping hip is caused by increased tension in the iliotibial band over the greater trochanter with repeated flexion and extension. Internal snapping hip involves snapping of the iliopsoas tendon over the femoral head. Intra-articular snapping hip is caused by labral tears or loose bodies in the hip joint. Conservative treatments include rest, stretching, strengthening, and therapies like cold compression, while operative options involve procedures like Z-plasty of the iliotibial band or arthroscopic surgery to address intra-articular issues.
Scurvy
- Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency that results from a lack of vitamin C in the diet for several weeks. It impairs collagen formation and causes hemorrhaging in tissues.
- Symptoms include bleeding gums, loose teeth, bruising of the skin, and bone fractures. In infants, scurvy can cause pseudoparalysis and swelling over bones from subperiosteal hemorrhaging.
- Diagnosis is based on low vitamin C blood levels and x-ray findings of bone changes like the white line of Fraenkel. Treatment involves vitamin C supplementation in doses of at least 200mg daily until recovery is complete.
Screws in orthopedics
This document provides an overview of screws in orthopedic surgery. It discusses the history of screw development from ancient times through modern innovations in materials. The anatomy of a screw is described in detail, including the head, shaft, thread, tip, and special features like pitch, diameter, and cannulation. Different types of screws are compared based on their properties and intended uses in cortical versus cancellous bone. Special screw designs like Herbert screws, lag screws, and dynamic hip screws are also briefly mentioned.
Sacral chordoma
Sacral chordoma is a rare, slowly growing malignant tumor that arises from remnants of the notochord, usually occurring in the sacrum. It accounts for 1-4% of all malignancies and is the most common primary malignancy of the sacrum. Patients typically experience lower back pain worsening with sitting in their 5th-7th decade. Imaging shows a destructive lytic lesion in the sacrum. Complete surgical resection is the primary treatment, but recurrence is common due to the locally aggressive nature, leading to poor long-term survival rates.
Robotics in orthopedics
This document discusses the use of robots in orthopaedic surgery. It describes how robotic systems can improve accuracy of bone cuts and component placement compared to manual surgery. Both autonomous and haptic robotic systems are presented. Applications discussed include unicondylar knee replacement using the Mako robotic arm and spinal pedicle screw placement using the Renaissance system. While robotic surgery may provide benefits like increased accuracy, it also has drawbacks such as high costs and long-term outcomes have not proven superiority over manual techniques.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty involves replacing the humeral head and glenoid fossa with prosthetics to alter the center of rotation and increase deltoid tension and function. It is indicated for rotator cuff tear arthropathy, proximal humeral fractures in the elderly, failed shoulder replacements, and other conditions. The procedure involves an deltopectoral approach to expose the joint, removal of the humeral head and shaping of the glenoid, then implantation of the glenosphere and humeral cup components. Outcomes are best for osteoarthritis and worse for trauma or revision cases. Complications can include infection, nerve injury, implant loosening or breakage.
Prolapsed intervertebral disc
The intervertebral disc consists of three main components: the cartilage end plates, the nucleus pulposus, and the annulus fibrosus. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is a natural aging process but can be exacerbated by factors like poor nutrition, trauma from sports or injuries, and biomechanical factors related to posture and repetitive microtrauma. The degenerative process typically begins with softening of the nucleus pulposus and weakening of the annulus fibrosus, which can lead to protrusion or extrusion of the nucleus through tears in the annulus. Eventually fibrosis and calcification may occur as the body attempts to repair the degenerated disc.
Pre operative care
The document outlines the steps involved in pre-operative care, which includes conducting a pre-anaesthetic checkup of the patient's medical history and current health status. A series of blood investigations, imaging tests like ECG, ultrasound, and radiological tests are performed. The patient's medication needs and consent for the procedure are also addressed. The pre-operative preparation involves both physical and psychological preparation of the patient by explaining the procedure and potential complications to calm them before surgery.
Plantar fascitis
Plantar fasciitis is a painful condition caused by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick ligament connecting the heel to the toes. The pain is usually felt on the bottom of the foot near the heel and is worst upon waking or after long periods of sitting. Repeated microtears in the fascia from overuse can cause degeneration and inflammation. Risk factors include obesity, excessive running or prolonged standing, especially with inadequate foot support. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and strain through stretching, orthotics, night splints, and physical therapy exercises.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is an idiopathic overgrowth and pigmentation of the synovial membrane that most commonly affects the knee joint. It presents with pain, swelling, stiffness, and recurrent atraumatic hemorrhaging in the joint. Diagnosis is made through arthroscopic biopsy showing characteristic chocolate-colored lesions. Treatment involves surgical synovectomy or radiation therapy, with recurrence being a potential complication.
Pes cavus
This document defines and describes cavus foot, including its causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. A cavus foot has an abnormally high arch and accompanying toe deformities. Causes include neuromuscular conditions like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and polio. Clinical features include a high arch and clawing of the toes. Diagnosis involves physical exam and x-rays. Treatment depends on flexibility and severity but may include tendon lengthening, osteotomies, and joint fusions to correct deformities in the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. The goal is to create a plantigrade foot.
More from PratikDhabalia (20)
Recently uploaded
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneTraditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Coccydynia
- 1. Coccydynia
- 3. COCCYDYNIA / COCCYGODYNIA • Introduction: • Implies pain in the region of coccyx. • Term first coined by SIMPSON in 1859 • Simplistic classification based on aetiology was given by NATHAN & ROBERTS • Classification based on morphology of coocyx was formulated by POSTACCHINI & MASSOBRIO
- 6. • 4 RUDIMENTARY VERTEBRAE FUSED TOGETHER. • PELVIC AND DORSAL SURFACES. • BASE/UPPER END HAS AN OVAL FACET ARTICULATING WITH THE SACRUM. • 1ST COCCYGEAL VERTEBRA – RUDIMENTARY TRANSVERSE PROCESS. • REMAINING VERTEBRAE REPRESENTED BY NODULES OF BONE.
- 8. ATTACHMENTS OF COCCYX • Coccygeus is attached to the lateral aspect of the pelvic aspect of the last piece of sacrum and the whole of coccyx. • Levator ani is attached to the lower two segments of the coccyx. • The gluteus maximus arises from the lateral margin of the lowest part of the dorsal aspect of the sacrum and that of the coccyx. • Sphincter anii externus.
- 9. AETIOLOGY • Most common : Direct axial trauma. • Idiopathic. • During child birth (Labour) • Repeatitive strian (Cycling, rowing) • Poor Posture (Prolonged sitting with leaning backward) • Ageing • Tumour – Chordoma, metastasis • Infection – Pilonoidal sinus
- 10. CLASSIFICATION A) BASED ON AETIOLOGY: Idiopathic Traumatic. B) BASED ON PATHOLOGY: Degeneration of sacro-coccygeal and inter-coccygeal discs and joints. Morphology of Coccyx – type 2,3,4 are more prone Mobility of coccyx - Hypermobile or posterior subluxation. Referred pain – Lumbar pathology, spasm of pelvic floor muscles and inflammation of peri-coccygeal soft tissues.
- 11. POSTACCHINI AND MASSOBRIO MORPHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION • Type 1: Curved gently forward. • Type 2: Has a marked curve with apex pointing straight forward. • Type 3 : Angled forward sharply between 1st and 2nd or 2nd and 3rd coccygeal segments. • Type 4: Anteriroly subluxated at the level of the sacro-coccygeal joint or between the 1st and 2nd intercoccygeal joint. • Type 5: Coccygeal retroversion • Type 6: Scoliotic deformity
- 13. CLINICAL FEATURES • Accounts for 1% of all non traumatic complaints of the spine . • M:F – 1:5 • Pain and tenderness in the region of the lower sacrum, coccyx, pericoccygeal tissues. • Pain proportional to the duration of time spent sitting. • Disproportionate increase in pain in pre-menstrual periods. • Spasm of the pelvic floor muscles (Levator anii) as pain is often present during defecation. • At times associated with pyriformis syndrome.
- 14. Investigations 1) Routine Blood test: CBC, ESR, CRP, ALK Phos. (in case of infection, neoplasm and inflammation) 2) Dynamic radiographs. (Standing v/s Sitting) 3) Steroid injections with or without local anaesthetics used as diagnostic as well as therapeutic modality for coccydynia.
- 16. Treatment • CONSERVATIVE : Successful in 95% patients. • Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs • SIETZ bath • Ring shaped cushions. • Ergonomic adaptations: Postural training Use of rubber ring or firm corset. • Physiotherapy • Manual manipulation of coccyx.
- 17. Treatment • Procedural : • Sacro-coccygeal Corticosteroid injections with or without local anaesthetics agents. • Ganglion impar blocks. (Blockade of nociceptive and sympathetic fibres) • • Radiofrequency theromocoagulation of ganglion impar. • Trans sacral ammonium chloride injections.
- 18. Treatment • Surgical : • Coccygectomy – Complete OR Partial . • Surgical removal of coccyx. • Power’s technique : • Gardner’s technique: • Safer technique • Less chance of infection • No blind plane formation close to the rectum.
- 19. • Complications : • Infection • Posterior rectal wall injury • Loss of anal sphincter control. • Chance of rectal prolapse.
- 20. • THANK YOU