Coats dse
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Coat's disease is characterized by retinal vascular abnormalities including telangiectasias, microaneurysms, venous dilations, and fusiform capillary dilatations. This frequently results in exudative retinal detachment as serum and blood components leak from incompetent vessels and accumulate under the retina. The disease primarily affects young males and progresses more rapidly in children under 4 years old, potentially causing massive exudation and retinal detachment apposing the lens. Late presentation in adults typically shows lipid deposition in the macula from peripheral leakage of preexisting vascular anomalies.
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Retinal vascular occlusions
This document discusses retinal vascular occlusions, including their classification, presentation, investigations, and management. It begins by introducing retinal arterial and venous occlusions as significant causes of blindness. It then covers the anatomy of retinal blood supply and classifies occlusions by anatomical site. The remainder of the document details the characteristics, risk factors, clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches for various types of retinal arterial occlusions (central retinal artery occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion, cilioretinal artery occlusion) and venous occlusions (central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, hemiretinal vein occlusion).
Retina Review - Part 2
The document describes various retinal conditions and findings. It discusses hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, central retinal artery occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome, Coats disease, lattice degeneration, retinal detachment, retinoschisis, hereditary hyaloidoretinopathies including Stickler syndrome and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. It provides details on clinical findings, risk factors, treatments, and prognosis for each condition.
Retina Review - Part 1
The document summarizes various retinal conditions and findings. It describes the characteristics and clinical presentations of age-related macular degeneration, ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, angioid streaks, pathologic myopia, central serous chorioretinopathy, epiretinal membrane, vitreomacular traction, macular hole, and cystoid macular edema. It provides details on definitions, risk factors, imaging findings, treatment outcomes, and rates of bilaterality for each condition.
Eales’ Disease
Eales' disease is an idiopathic inflammatory retinal vasculitis that primarily affects young males in India. It involves peripheral retinal perivasculitis and ischemia leading to neovascularization and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. While its exact etiology is unknown, it has been associated with tuberculosis and hypersensitivity to tubercular proteins. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, laser photocoagulation to ablate new vessels and reduce hemorrhage risk, and vitrectomy for non-resolving hemorrhage or retinal detachment.
Ischemic optic neuropathy
This document discusses different types of ischemic optic neuropathy, including anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), non-arteritic AION, arteritic AION, and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. It describes the blood supply of the optic nerve head and risk factors, clinical features, investigations, treatments, and prognosis for each type. The main causes are reduced blood flow to the optic nerve head leading to infarction. AION is the most common cause of acute optic neuropathy in those over 50. Arteritic AION is caused by giant cell arteritis and requires high-dose steroid treatment to prevent blindness.
retinopathy of prematurity
This document is a PowerPoint presentation about retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 25 pages. It covers the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, international classification system for ROP (ICROP), prevention, treatment, prognosis, and long-term complications of ROP. The presentation defines ROP as a disorder of the developing retinal vasculature in premature infants that can lead to blindness if left untreated. It describes the two stages of ROP pathogenesis and discusses the roles of insulin-like growth factor-1 and VEGF. Treatment options include surgical procedures like cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation or non-surgical approaches like oxygen regulation and supplements.
Retinal lesions Pathophysiology
The document discusses various anatomical and pathological changes that can occur in the retina with age and disease processes. Key points include:
1. With age, the RPE develops melanin granules, drusen, and Blessing-Iwanoff cysts can form in the peripheral retina.
2. Retinal vasculature is only 80% developed at 8.5 months and the peripheral retina is less perfused. Hyperoxia in premature infants can cause vaso-obliteration.
3. Diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and vascular occlusions can lead to hemorrhages, exudates, neovascularization, and other sequelae from ischemia.
The Imaging of the Orbit
This document provides an overview of orbital anatomy and diseases. It describes the major anatomic components of the orbit including the globe, optic nerve, extraconal and intraconal areas. Common pathologies are discussed for each anatomic structure, such as retinoblastoma affecting the globe and optic neuritis involving the optic nerve. Imaging techniques for evaluating the orbit including MRI and CT are also reviewed. Key anatomical structures like the superior orbital fissure and its contents are defined.
VASCULAR AND HEREDITARY RETINAL DISEASE
The document discusses several vascular and hereditary retinal diseases:
1. Hypertension affects 15-20% of the population and can lead to complications like ischemic heart disease if not properly treated. Retinal findings in hypertensive retinopathy include arteriolar changes and hemorrhages.
2. Retinal vein occlusion is caused by pressure on the retinal veins and presents with dilated veins, flame-shaped hemorrhages, and retinal edema.
3. Retinal artery occlusion typically results from emboli and presents with sudden vision loss and a cherry red spot at the macula.
4. Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited retinal diseases characterized by night blindness, visual
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Similar to Coats dse
Ch29-Eye pathology of eye..Chapter 19 .ppt
This document provides an outline and overview of pathology of the major structures of the eye, including the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, lens, retina, optic nerve, and glaucoma. Key pathological conditions are summarized for each structure, such as thyroid orbitopathy for the orbit, tumors and infections for the eyelids, degenerative conditions for the conjunctiva, infections and dystrophies for the cornea, tumors for the uvea and lens, vascular diseases and macular degeneration for the retina, and glaucoma and optic neuropathies for the optic nerve.
Congenital retinal anomalies
Congenital retinal anomalies can arise from developmental defects, vascular abnormalities, infections, tumors or trauma. Clinical presentation depends on laterality and extent of vision loss. Examination may reveal colobomas, retinal folds, persistent fetal vasculature or lacunae indicative of conditions like Aicardi syndrome. Retinopathy of prematurity is a major cause of vision loss in premature infants and progresses through stages from demarcation lines to retinal detachment. Infectious etiologies can cause chorioretinitis from viruses like cytomegalovirus and parasites including toxoplasmosis. Prompt treatment is aimed at the underlying cause and prevention of complications affecting vision.
Pathology of Retina and Vitreous
This lecture is part of the yearly Basic Course Lectures in Ophthalmology given by the Dept of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Philippine General Hospital.
Originally given by Dr Pearl Tamesis-Villalon, it is a 1:30:00 hour lecture on the pathologic lesions seen in the vitreous, retina and choroid. It is meant for the general physician and the beginning ophthalmology resident who is interested in the basics of retinal pathology.
It includes pathologic changes seen in hypertension, diabetes, vaso occlusive disease, vitreous, membranes, choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, retinal detachments, etc. Lesions such as hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, hard exudates and their location in the retinal layers are explained. Fluorescein angiogram and OCT images are also incorporated.
Some images were grabbed from the internet, apologies for not making the necessary acknowledgements.
Other Retinal Vascular Diseases.pptx
This document provides an overview of several retinal vascular diseases including sickle cell disease, vasculitis, cystoid macular edema, Coats disease, macular telangiectasia, phakomatoses, radiation retinopathy, Valsalva retinopathy, and Purtscher retinopathy. Key details are provided on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of each condition. The document is intended as an educational guide for retinal specialists and contains technical terminology related to retinal anatomy and diseases.
Diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology
Diabetic retinopathy is caused by chronic hyperglycemia leading to progressive dysfunction of the retinal vasculature. This causes vascular leakage, focal ischemia, retinal hypoxia and neovascularization as well as thickening of the basement membrane and loss of pericytes impairing oxygen and nutrient flow. The stages include non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by microaneurysms and hemorrhages, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by new vessel growth. Macular edema can also occur from fluid leakage causing vision loss.
OTHER RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES by Iddi.pptx
This document provides an overview of various retinal vascular diseases including sickle cell retinopathy, vasculitis, cystoid macular edema, and other conditions. It discusses the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of sickle cell retinopathy in detail. It also describes other conditions like vasculitis, distinguishing between primary and secondary retinal vasculitis. Specific diseases covered include Eales disease, Susac syndrome, idiopathic retinal vasculitis with aneurysms and neuroretinitis. The document provides a comprehensive review of other retinal vascular diseases.
OTHER RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES by Iddi.pptx
This document provides an overview of various retinal vascular diseases including sickle cell retinopathy, vasculitis, cystoid macular edema, and other conditions. It discusses the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of sickle cell retinopathy in detail. It also describes other conditions like vasculitis, distinguishing between primary and secondary retinal vasculitis. Specific entities like Eales disease, Susac syndrome, and IRVAN are explained. Cystoid macular edema is discussed along with its causes and pathogenesis. Overall, the document comprehensively reviews other retinal vascular diseases beyond diabetic retinopathy.
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch29-eye
This document provides an outline and overview of pathology of the eye, covering the major anatomical structures and pathologic conditions that can affect each one. Key topics discussed include thyroid orbitopathy, corneal layers and refractive surgery, uveitis as a manifestation of systemic disease, cataract and lens surgery, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and glaucoma. The document serves as a high-level introduction to pathology of the major eye structures.
Lesions of retina
good with details photos of fundus, retina seen in day to day practice by direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy
Eales disease
Eales disease is an idiopathic inflammatory retinal condition characterized by peripheral retinal vasculitis and neovascularization. It primarily affects young males in India and presents with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. The etiology is unclear but may involve hypersensitivity to tuberculosis. Treatment involves corticosteroids for active vasculitis, laser photocoagulation for neovascularization, and vitrectomy for non-resolving hemorrhage or retinal detachment. While the disease course can be prolonged with vision loss, appropriate medical and surgical management provides satisfactory outcomes.
Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinal vasculitis is an inflammatory eye disease involving the retinal vessels that can occur due to infectious, neoplastic, or systemic inflammatory disorders. It is detected clinically using fundus fluorescein angiography. It can lead to leakage and exudation from affected vessels, as well as occlusion causing cotton-wool spots, edema, hemorrhages, and retinal infarction. Late sequelae include vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, neovascular glaucoma, and rubeosis iridis. Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease affecting the retinas of premature infants that ranges from mild cases to severe cases causing bilateral blindness. It results from an initial vasocon
Coats ppt
Coats disease is a rare eye condition characterized by telangiectatic retinal blood vessels and subretinal exudation. It was first described by George Coats in 1908. There are typically aneurysmal retinal blood vessels and fluid leakage causing retinal detachment. Treatment involves laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy or anti-VEGF injections to close leaking blood vessels and drain subretinal fluid. Coats disease requires lifelong monitoring as repeated treatments may be needed to stabilize the affected eyes. It is important to distinguish Coats disease from retinoblastoma given their different treatment approaches and prognoses.
Peripheral corneal diseases
Peripheral corneal diseases can be congenital, inflammatory, degenerative or neoplastic. Rheumatoid arthritis commonly causes peripheral keratitis like marginal keratitis and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis due to rheumatoid vasculitis affecting peripheral cornea. Wegener's granulomatosis can also involve peripheral cornea with necrotizing scleritis and peripheral keratitis. Treatment involves controlling the underlying systemic disease with immunosuppressants and managing ocular inflammation with corticosteroids.
RETINA-retinal detatchment powerpoint presentation
This document summarizes various retinal conditions including retinal detachment, retinoblastoma, and retinitis pigmentosa. It describes the classification, causes, clinical features, investigations, and treatments of these conditions. Retinal detachment can be rhegmatogenous, tractional, or exudative in nature. Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of childhood that may appear as a white pupil reflex and is typically treated with chemotherapy, radiation, or enucleation. Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic retinal dystrophy characterized by night blindness and bony spicule pigmentation.
Vascular disorders of eye
Vascular disorders of the retina can cause vision loss or blindness if not properly treated. The document discusses several types of vascular disorders:
1. Diabetic retinopathy, which affects nearly all patients with long-standing diabetes and is a leading cause of vision loss. It involves microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and new blood vessel growth if proliferative. Laser treatment and anti-VEGF injections can help treat it.
2. Hypertensive retinopathy results from high blood pressure and involves arteriolar narrowing, hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and exudates. Grading systems describe the severity.
3. Retinal vein oc
Leukocoria (White Pupillary Reflex)
Leukocoria ( or white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the eye.
Leukocoria is a medical sign for a number of several conditions.
- this presentation at annual conference of the Ophthalmic department, faculty of medicine - Al-Azhar University in association with DOS & EOS Cairo, Egypt January 2017
Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
This document provides information on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), including:
1. It discusses the pathogenesis, risk factors, signs and symptoms, classifications, and treatment of NPDR. The main causes of NPDR are changes to the retinal capillaries due to effects of hyperglycemia.
2. Signs of NPDR include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, venous changes, and macular edema. Treatment focuses on glycemic control and may include laser therapy or anti-VEGF injections.
3. Regular eye exams are recommended for diabetic patients to monitor for retinopathy, as early treatment can help prevent
Eales disease by dr.asmat
Eales' disease is an idiopathic inflammatory retinal condition that primarily affects veins in the retina. It is characterized by perivascular inflammation that can lead to retinal ischemia and neovascularization. The disease progresses through stages from inflammation to ischemia to proliferation of new blood vessels. Treatment involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, laser photocoagulation to ablate new vessels, and vitrectomy for complications like vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. While the exact cause is unknown, hypersensitivity to tuberculosis has been proposed as a potential trigger in many cases.
Retinal Vasculitis
Retinal vasculitis is an inflammatory eye disease affecting the retinal vasculature. It can present as periphlebitis (vein involvement), periarteritis (artery involvement), or angiitis (both). Symptoms include gradual vision loss, floaters, photopsia, and scotomata. Signs include vascular sheathing, attenuation, hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and neovascularization. Causes include infectious etiologies like tuberculosis and syphilis, autoimmune diseases like sarcoidosis and Behcet's disease, and primary vasculitis like Eales' disease. Treatment involves managing underlying causes with medications like steroids, immunosuppressants,
9. Leukocoria.pptx
This document discusses various causes of leukocoria or white pupil in children, including retinoblastoma, toxocariasis, Coats disease, persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), pediatric cataract, retinal astrocytoma, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It describes the clinical presentation, workup, and treatment for each condition. The workup may include imaging like ultrasound and angiography as well as lab tests. Treatments range from observation to chemotherapy, surgery, laser therapy, and anti-VEGF agents depending on the specific cause.
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RETINA-retinal detatchment powerpoint presentation
RETINA-retinal detatchment powerpoint presentation
Coats dse
- 2. COAT’S Disease • Presence of – vascular dilatations (retinal telangiectasia), • Ectatic arterioles, • Microaneurysms, • Venous dilations (phlebectasias), and • Fusiform capillary dilatations, – frequently associated with exudative retinal detachment.
- 3. • Retinal Capillary nonperfusion • Neovascularization is distinctly UNUSUAL • Vessels are incompetent – Leakage of serum and other blood components and accumulate under the retina – Any portion of the peripheral retina and macula can be involved • Variation is wide – Mild retinal vascular abnormalities – Minimal exudations – Extensive areas of telangectasias associated with massive leakage and ERD (children with coat’s dse)
- 5. Histopathology of Coat’s Disease
- 6. COATS • MALE (85%) • YOUNG – Faster Progression in children younger than 4 yo – Massive Exudation with ERD apposing the lens • DDX of leukocoria? ---- – Retinoblastoma – Retinoma – Retinal Dysplasia – Coloboma – Myelinated Nerve Fiber layers – Astrocytic hamartroma – Granuloma – PFV – TRAUMA – Endophthalnmitis – ROP – FEVR • UNILATERAL • Gradual Progression w increasing Exudation
- 7. COATS in ADULTS • Patients with peripheral areas of leakage typically present with lipid deposition in otherwise angiographically normal macula. • Similar findings in adults represent LATE DECOMPENSATION of preexisting vascular anomalies – DDX • ROP • Dominant (Familial) Exudative Vitreoretinopathy • Capillary Hemangioma ( VonHL)