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The document outlines the topics and objectives for a lesson on coastal landforms and processes. It includes sections on agents shaping coasts like waves, tides, and currents; coastal processes; coastal landforms; coastal protection measures; and diagrams and videos illustrating concepts. The lesson will describe factors affecting wave energy, types of wave movement including swash and backwash, and different types of constructive and destructive waves.
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Cliffs and wc platforms
1. Coastal landforms such as cliffs, wave-cut platforms, headlands, and bays are formed by the erosive forces of waves. Harder rock forms headlands while softer rock is eroded away to form bays.
2. Waves erode cliffs by hydraulic action which forms notches and caves. Overhanging cliffs eventually collapse, retreating inland and forming wave-cut platforms.
3. Longshore drift transports sediment parallel to the shoreline. Waves approaching at an angle drive a longshore current, while the swash and backwash move sediment in a zigzag pattern down the coast in the drift direction.
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This lesson teaches about landforms created by longshore drift, including bars, spits, and tombolos. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to name 3 depositional landforms, describe the process of longshore drift, and explain how it forms bars, spits, and tombolos. The lesson will include diagrams demonstrating longshore drift and how spits are formed through the movement of sediment along a coastline.
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1. Coastal landforms such as cliffs, headlands, and bays are formed by coastal erosion processes. Cliffs are formed through wave attack and collapse.
2. Headlands are areas of resistant rock that project into the sea while bays form in less resistant areas after erosion.
3. Longshore drift is the process where oblique waves cause a longshore current that transports sediment along the coast in a zig-zag pattern.
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Coastal erosion occurs through various processes:
1) Waves attack weak points in headlands, forming caves, arches, stacks, and stumps through hydraulic action and abrasion.
2) Uneven erosion of resistant and weak rocks forms alternating headlands and bays, creating an indented coastline.
3) Human activities like coastal development can increase erosion rates by removing natural defenses, while other activities like building breakwaters aim to protect beaches from erosion.
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Waves are formed by wind blowing over the surface of the sea. The height and energy of waves depends on wind strength, duration, and fetch. There are two main types of waves - constructive waves which build land, and destructive waves which erode land. Coastal geology also influences landscapes. Discordant coasts have bands of rock at 90 degrees to the sea, creating headlands and bays as softer rocks erode faster. Concordant coasts have parallel rock bands, where erosion of harder rocks leads to fast erosion of softer rocks behind.
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Freeze-thaw weathering involves the expansion of water in rock cracks when it freezes, which exerts pressure and causes pieces of rock to break off when it thaws. Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock through warm, wet conditions. Mass movement rapidly transforms coastlines by causing cliffs and material on slopes to slide downwards, resulting in cliff retreat and new sediment supply on beaches.
Wave refraction
1) As waves approach the coast, they travel parallel to each other at the same speed.
2) At headlands, waves encounter more friction as the water is shallower, causing the waves to slow down. At bays, the deeper water causes less friction so wave speed remains constant.
3) This causes wave refraction - waves bend towards headlands and away from bays. The changing wave energy leads to different coastal landforms at headlands versus bays.
Coastal Features Created By Erosion Sherry
Coastal erosion creates several landforms along shorelines including cliffs, headlands, bays, caves, arches, and stacks. The type of landform created depends on factors like the underlying rock material, with hard rocks like basalt resisting erosion to form steep cliffs and headlands, while softer rocks erode more quickly to form gently sloping cliffs. Cliff erosion occurs through both marine processes like waves and subaerial processes like weathering, and the rate and shape of the cliff changes over time in an episodic cycle as material accumulates and is removed from the cliff base.
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1. Coastal landforms such as cliffs, wave-cut platforms, headlands, and bays are formed by the erosive forces of waves. Harder rock forms headlands while softer rock is eroded away to form bays.
2. Waves erode cliffs by hydraulic action which forms notches and caves. Overhanging cliffs eventually collapse, retreating inland and forming wave-cut platforms.
3. Longshore drift transports sediment parallel to the shoreline. Waves approaching at an angle drive a longshore current, while the swash and backwash move sediment in a zigzag pattern down the coast in the drift direction.
Longshore drift and spit formation
This lesson teaches about landforms created by longshore drift, including bars, spits, and tombolos. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to name 3 depositional landforms, describe the process of longshore drift, and explain how it forms bars, spits, and tombolos. The lesson will include diagrams demonstrating longshore drift and how spits are formed through the movement of sediment along a coastline.
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1. Coastal landforms such as cliffs, headlands, and bays are formed by coastal erosion processes. Cliffs are formed through wave attack and collapse.
2. Headlands are areas of resistant rock that project into the sea while bays form in less resistant areas after erosion.
3. Longshore drift is the process where oblique waves cause a longshore current that transports sediment along the coast in a zig-zag pattern.
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Coastal erosion occurs through various processes:
1) Waves attack weak points in headlands, forming caves, arches, stacks, and stumps through hydraulic action and abrasion.
2) Uneven erosion of resistant and weak rocks forms alternating headlands and bays, creating an indented coastline.
3) Human activities like coastal development can increase erosion rates by removing natural defenses, while other activities like building breakwaters aim to protect beaches from erosion.
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Waves are formed by wind blowing over the surface of the sea. The height and energy of waves depends on wind strength, duration, and fetch. There are two main types of waves - constructive waves which build land, and destructive waves which erode land. Coastal geology also influences landscapes. Discordant coasts have bands of rock at 90 degrees to the sea, creating headlands and bays as softer rocks erode faster. Concordant coasts have parallel rock bands, where erosion of harder rocks leads to fast erosion of softer rocks behind.
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Freeze-thaw weathering involves the expansion of water in rock cracks when it freezes, which exerts pressure and causes pieces of rock to break off when it thaws. Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock through warm, wet conditions. Mass movement rapidly transforms coastlines by causing cliffs and material on slopes to slide downwards, resulting in cliff retreat and new sediment supply on beaches.
Wave refraction
1) As waves approach the coast, they travel parallel to each other at the same speed.
2) At headlands, waves encounter more friction as the water is shallower, causing the waves to slow down. At bays, the deeper water causes less friction so wave speed remains constant.
3) This causes wave refraction - waves bend towards headlands and away from bays. The changing wave energy leads to different coastal landforms at headlands versus bays.
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Coastal erosion creates several landforms along shorelines including cliffs, headlands, bays, caves, arches, and stacks. The type of landform created depends on factors like the underlying rock material, with hard rocks like basalt resisting erosion to form steep cliffs and headlands, while softer rocks erode more quickly to form gently sloping cliffs. Cliff erosion occurs through both marine processes like waves and subaerial processes like weathering, and the rate and shape of the cliff changes over time in an episodic cycle as material accumulates and is removed from the cliff base.
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This document discusses three coastal landforms produced by deposition: beaches, spits, and bars.
It describes beaches as landforms formed by wave deposition of material along the shore. Spits are described as depositional landforms that form when longshore drift carries sediment along a coastline until the coastline changes direction, causing sediment to build up into a ridge. Bars are described as forming when a spit develops across the mouth of an estuary, building sediment deposits across the two sides and creating a barrier landform across the estuary. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate each landform.
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The document discusses coastal landforms formed by erosion such as headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Students are assigned to collaborate to describe, explain, and discuss how these landforms are formed and to teach others. They are also tasked with adding diagrams and images to explain the formation of these coastal features through erosion.
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This document discusses the features and formation of rivers and waterfalls. It explains that rivers change along their course from upper to middle to lower sections. Waterfalls and gorges form through erosion as the waterfall erodes backwards due to gravity, hydraulic action, and overhang formation, eventually retreating upstream over multiple stages. Students are assigned to model waterfall formation using play-doh and label the processes, and find a labeled photo of an actual waterfall to submit for homework.
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Spits and bars are depositional coastal landforms formed by processes such as longshore drift. A spit is a depositional landform that extends from the shore out to sea, often curved in shape due to opposing winds and currents. A bar occurs where a spit grows across a bay, enclosing the bay to form a lagoon, or forms offshore due to breaking waves. Longshore drift transports sediment along the coast and causes deposition of material in certain areas, gradually building up spits and bars.
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Beaches form in sheltered environments like bays through the processes of deposition. Spits are formed when longshore drift causes sediment to accumulate into narrow extensions of land along a shoreline. Bars are similar to spits but connect two areas of mainland, while tombolos connect an island to the mainland through a double-barred spit formation.
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Beaches, spits, and bars are landforms created by coastal depositional processes. Beaches form along shorelines through the deposition of sediment by wave action. As sediment is transported along the shoreline by longshore drift, it can build up into narrow peninsulas called spits. Spits often form at the mouths of estuaries, where the changing direction of the coastline causes sediment to deposit. Bars may develop offshore or near the mouths of rivers, made of sediment that has been deposited and built up over time.
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The coastal landscape on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England has been formed through the interaction of physical and human processes. The Isle of Purbeck is a peninsula located in southern England surrounded by the English Channel. The geology of Wealden clay and the prevailing southwesterly winds have contributed to coastal erosion through rotational landslides. Human activity such as tourism, settlement, and the construction of coastal defences and groynes have also impacted the landscape around Swanage Bay over time.
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This document discusses different coastal landforms produced by erosion, including headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
Headlands and bays form along coastlines with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. The geology of the coast determines the shape. Headlands project out to sea with steep slopes, while bays are low-lying areas between headlands that have retreated.
Cliffs are formed as waves erode the base between high and low tides, creating a wave cut platform. Over time, the cliff collapses due to lack of support and gravity. This leaves a wave cut notch and smooth platform.
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This document provides information about headlands and bays, including:
1) Headlands and bays are formed by the uneven erosion of coastlines composed of bands of rock with varying resistance. More resistant rocks like granite and basalt form headlands, while less resistant rocks like chalk, sandstone and shale erode more quickly to form bays.
2) Waves concentrate their energy at headlands, eroding them more, while weakening along wider bays where sediments are deposited.
3) Students are expected to learn about beaches, spits and tombolos from their textbook for homework, with examples of different beach gradients based on sediment coarseness.
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The document discusses different types of weathering and erosion processes that shape coastlines. Waves erode softer rock faster than harder rock, forming bays surrounded by harder headlands that are more resistant to erosion. Deposition occurs in the sheltered bays, creating beaches, while the exposed headlands continue to be eroded by waves. Biological, chemical, freeze-thaw and other processes also contribute to coastal weathering and erosion over time.
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The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion processes along the coastline. It focuses on the specific example of Old Harry Rocks, located on the Dorset coast in England. Old Harry Rocks consists of two chalk stacks that were formed as the surrounding softer clay was eroded away by waves and other processes over centuries. Hydraulic action, corrosion and abrasion helped erode weaknesses in the chalk cliff and form caves, arches and eventually the remaining stacks that make up Old Harry Rocks today. One of the stacks used to be part of an arch but collapsed, becoming a stump. The document analyzes how these specific landforms were formed through coastal erosion.
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This document provides information about coastal landforms, erosion processes, and longshore drift to help students prepare for a controlled assessment task on coastal management. It discusses various coastal landforms formed by erosion like headlands and bays, wave cut notches and platforms. It also explains the four types of erosion - corrosion, attrition, abrasion, and hydraulic action. Longshore drift is introduced along with examples of past controlled assessments and marking schemes to help students understand what will be expected of them.
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This document discusses various processes of coastal erosion including hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. Hydraulic action involves the force of water hitting cliffs while abrasion involves rocks being thrown rapidly. Less resistant rock types like clay and limestone erode more quickly through these processes, forming bays and beaches. The geology of the coast affects the rate of erosion. Coastlines are dynamic landforms that change through erosion and deposition from waves. Homework is assigned to find an example of a coast experiencing erosion and its effects on people.
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The document discusses different types of coastal landforms formed by erosion and deposition. It describes four types of sediment transportation along coasts: dissolution, suspension, saltation, and traction. It also discusses the formation of headlands and bays due to differences in the resistance of the underlying rock. When waves have low energy and conditions are calm, deposition occurs, forming landforms like beaches, spits, tombolos, sand bars and barrier islands.
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Transportation Deposition
Beaches form through the process of erosion and deposition by ocean waves. Sediment such as sand and pebbles is eroded from cliffs and shores by wave action and transported down the coast by longshore drift. This sediment is eventually deposited and builds up over time to create beaches. The size and shape of beaches depends on the type of sediment - shingle beaches are steeper while sand beaches have a more gentle slope. Features like spits, bars, and tombolos are also formed through deposition when sediment carried by longshore drift accumulates in different ways.
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This document discusses sediment cells and sources along coastlines. It defines sediment cells as discrete areas where sediment movement is largely self-contained. Sediment can come from erosion of cliffs, sea beds, and rivers being transported by waves, currents, tides and wind. Sediment is either stored in depositional landforms like beaches or transported through the cell. The UK has 11 major sediment cells that operate in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Coastal processes like hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion cause different rates and types of erosion along coastlines. Mass movement processes also influence erosion, including soil creep, solifluction, and mudflows.
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The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
Coasts at a glance
This document provides information about coastal landforms and processes. It describes the differences between constructive and destructive waves, as well as various erosion processes like hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. It also discusses mass movement, wave cut platforms, cliff recession rates, and landforms like caves, arches, stacks and stumps. Additionally, it covers longshore drift, spit formation, effects of coastal recession, and examples of hard and soft coastal protection methods.
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This document discusses three coastal landforms produced by deposition: beaches, spits, and bars.
It describes beaches as landforms formed by wave deposition of material along the shore. Spits are described as depositional landforms that form when longshore drift carries sediment along a coastline until the coastline changes direction, causing sediment to build up into a ridge. Bars are described as forming when a spit develops across the mouth of an estuary, building sediment deposits across the two sides and creating a barrier landform across the estuary. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate each landform.
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The document discusses coastal landforms formed by erosion such as headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Students are assigned to collaborate to describe, explain, and discuss how these landforms are formed and to teach others. They are also tasked with adding diagrams and images to explain the formation of these coastal features through erosion.
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This document discusses the features and formation of rivers and waterfalls. It explains that rivers change along their course from upper to middle to lower sections. Waterfalls and gorges form through erosion as the waterfall erodes backwards due to gravity, hydraulic action, and overhang formation, eventually retreating upstream over multiple stages. Students are assigned to model waterfall formation using play-doh and label the processes, and find a labeled photo of an actual waterfall to submit for homework.
8. spits and bars
Spits and bars are depositional coastal landforms formed by processes such as longshore drift. A spit is a depositional landform that extends from the shore out to sea, often curved in shape due to opposing winds and currents. A bar occurs where a spit grows across a bay, enclosing the bay to form a lagoon, or forms offshore due to breaking waves. Longshore drift transports sediment along the coast and causes deposition of material in certain areas, gradually building up spits and bars.
Spit, bar or tombolo
Beaches form in sheltered environments like bays through the processes of deposition. Spits are formed when longshore drift causes sediment to accumulate into narrow extensions of land along a shoreline. Bars are similar to spits but connect two areas of mainland, while tombolos connect an island to the mainland through a double-barred spit formation.
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Beaches, spits, and bars are landforms created by coastal depositional processes. Beaches form along shorelines through the deposition of sediment by wave action. As sediment is transported along the shoreline by longshore drift, it can build up into narrow peninsulas called spits. Spits often form at the mouths of estuaries, where the changing direction of the coastline causes sediment to deposit. Bars may develop offshore or near the mouths of rivers, made of sediment that has been deposited and built up over time.
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The coastal landscape on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England has been formed through the interaction of physical and human processes. The Isle of Purbeck is a peninsula located in southern England surrounded by the English Channel. The geology of Wealden clay and the prevailing southwesterly winds have contributed to coastal erosion through rotational landslides. Human activity such as tourism, settlement, and the construction of coastal defences and groynes have also impacted the landscape around Swanage Bay over time.
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This document discusses different coastal landforms produced by erosion, including headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, and caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
Headlands and bays form along coastlines with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. The geology of the coast determines the shape. Headlands project out to sea with steep slopes, while bays are low-lying areas between headlands that have retreated.
Cliffs are formed as waves erode the base between high and low tides, creating a wave cut platform. Over time, the cliff collapses due to lack of support and gravity. This leaves a wave cut notch and smooth platform.
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Coasts: Headlands and Bays
This document provides information about headlands and bays, including:
1) Headlands and bays are formed by the uneven erosion of coastlines composed of bands of rock with varying resistance. More resistant rocks like granite and basalt form headlands, while less resistant rocks like chalk, sandstone and shale erode more quickly to form bays.
2) Waves concentrate their energy at headlands, eroding them more, while weakening along wider bays where sediments are deposited.
3) Students are expected to learn about beaches, spits and tombolos from their textbook for homework, with examples of different beach gradients based on sediment coarseness.
Coastal geomorphic processes and geology
Coastal erosion is influenced by four main processes: corrosion from saltwater, attrition from pebbles hitting cliffs and other materials, abrasion from waves throwing stones that smooth materials, and hydraulic action from water forcing into cracks and splitting rocks apart. These processes create landforms like headlands and bays, wave-cut platforms and notches, beaches, spits, and bars. The geology of the coast determines how resistant the rocks are to erosion - more resistant rocks like chalk erode more slowly than less resistant rocks like clay and limestone. Waves coming directly onto shore are more destructive than waves hitting the coast at an angle, as destructive waves have more energy to erode the land.
Headlands and Bays
The document discusses different types of weathering and erosion processes that shape coastlines. Waves erode softer rock faster than harder rock, forming bays surrounded by harder headlands that are more resistant to erosion. Deposition occurs in the sheltered bays, creating beaches, while the exposed headlands continue to be eroded by waves. Biological, chemical, freeze-thaw and other processes also contribute to coastal weathering and erosion over time.
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The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion processes along the coastline. It focuses on the specific example of Old Harry Rocks, located on the Dorset coast in England. Old Harry Rocks consists of two chalk stacks that were formed as the surrounding softer clay was eroded away by waves and other processes over centuries. Hydraulic action, corrosion and abrasion helped erode weaknesses in the chalk cliff and form caves, arches and eventually the remaining stacks that make up Old Harry Rocks today. One of the stacks used to be part of an arch but collapsed, becoming a stump. The document analyzes how these specific landforms were formed through coastal erosion.
Coastal Controlled Assessment Prep
This document provides information about coastal landforms, erosion processes, and longshore drift to help students prepare for a controlled assessment task on coastal management. It discusses various coastal landforms formed by erosion like headlands and bays, wave cut notches and platforms. It also explains the four types of erosion - corrosion, attrition, abrasion, and hydraulic action. Longshore drift is introduced along with examples of past controlled assessments and marking schemes to help students understand what will be expected of them.
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This document discusses various processes of coastal erosion including hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. Hydraulic action involves the force of water hitting cliffs while abrasion involves rocks being thrown rapidly. Less resistant rock types like clay and limestone erode more quickly through these processes, forming bays and beaches. The geology of the coast affects the rate of erosion. Coastlines are dynamic landforms that change through erosion and deposition from waves. Homework is assigned to find an example of a coast experiencing erosion and its effects on people.
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The document discusses different types of coastal landforms formed by erosion and deposition. It describes four types of sediment transportation along coasts: dissolution, suspension, saltation, and traction. It also discusses the formation of headlands and bays due to differences in the resistance of the underlying rock. When waves have low energy and conditions are calm, deposition occurs, forming landforms like beaches, spits, tombolos, sand bars and barrier islands.
L4 meanders & ox bow lakes ap
This document discusses landform features created by erosion and deposition along rivers. It describes how meanders form through the lateral erosion of river banks as the river swings in large bends. Over time, meanders can be cut off from the main river channel through flooding and erosion, forming oxbow lakes. Diagrams and labels are provided to illustrate meander formation and the development of oxbow lakes.
Transportation Deposition
Beaches form through the process of erosion and deposition by ocean waves. Sediment such as sand and pebbles is eroded from cliffs and shores by wave action and transported down the coast by longshore drift. This sediment is eventually deposited and builds up over time to create beaches. The size and shape of beaches depends on the type of sediment - shingle beaches are steeper while sand beaches have a more gentle slope. Features like spits, bars, and tombolos are also formed through deposition when sediment carried by longshore drift accumulates in different ways.
Revision pack OCR B Geography
The River Zambezi floods of 2009 in Namibia displaced over 50,000 people from their homes and caused over $136 million in economic losses. Heavy rainfall led to river levels rising by 8 meters, inundating villages and agricultural land. Over 700,000 people, a third of Namibia's population, were affected. The floods demonstrated the local authorities' inability to respond adequately, with relief efforts hampered by poor coordination. International aid of $7 million was provided to help establish relief camps and address health and sanitation issues.
Sediment Cells And Sources
This document discusses sediment cells and sources along coastlines. It defines sediment cells as discrete areas where sediment movement is largely self-contained. Sediment can come from erosion of cliffs, sea beds, and rivers being transported by waves, currents, tides and wind. Sediment is either stored in depositional landforms like beaches or transported through the cell. The UK has 11 major sediment cells that operate in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Coastal processes like hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion cause different rates and types of erosion along coastlines. Mass movement processes also influence erosion, including soil creep, solifluction, and mudflows.
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The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
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This document provides information about coastal landforms and processes. It describes the differences between constructive and destructive waves, as well as various erosion processes like hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. It also discusses mass movement, wave cut platforms, cliff recession rates, and landforms like caves, arches, stacks and stumps. Additionally, it covers longshore drift, spit formation, effects of coastal recession, and examples of hard and soft coastal protection methods.
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Spit2
1) Beaches form in sheltered environments like bays through the process of deposition when the swash is stronger than the backwash.
2) Spits are formed through the process of longshore drift, where the direction of wind and wave action causes sediment to be deposited in a curved shape extending from the coastline.
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Coasts 1 blog
- 1. Class expectations Q&A, blog, textbook 1
- 2. The big picture- text pg 207 LESSON TOPICS 1 AGENTS SHAPING COASTS 2 COASTAL PROCESSES 3 COASTAL LANDFORMS 4 WELL LABELLED DIAGRAMS 5 COASTAL PROTECTION MEASURES 6 LEVEL DESCRIPTORS, 2
- 3. Wave Waves energy Wave movement Coasts are Tides Wave types shaped by ... Currents 3
- 4. Today's objective • Describe the factors affecting wave energy and the types of wave movement • Describe and account for the different types of waves 4
- 5. Q: What is a coast vs a shore? Coas t Sho r e 5
- 6. Waves • Wind energy on the water surface • Water particles on top moves, but below doesn't • Creates circular motion • Seawater rises and drops 6
- 7. Wave Waves energy Suggest factors that determines the different size of the 2 waves? 7
- 8. Text pg Waves Wave energy 186 Wind duration Fetch Wind speed 8
- 9. Wave movement Swash / backwash Watch the video and decide which is a swash and a backwash? 9
- 10. Wave movement Refer to the vide and text pg 187, Elab orat e on the diffe renc es betw een swa sh and back was h [3] 10
- 11. Wave movement Swash Backwash Forward Formation movement of Pull of gravity waves Direction Up shore Back to sea Sediments Deposit Erosion 11
- 12. Constructive or Wave types Destructive waves? Small waves grinding the rocky shore of the Bengtskar island 12
- 13. How to deter mine the types of waves?height and • Wave Text pg 188 length • Wave frequency • Breakers • Swash and backwash • Gradient of slope • Open or sheltered coast • Deposition or erosion 13
- 14. Deposits sediments 14
- 15. Erodes coast + transport sediments away 15
- 16. Activity- pair work:O level Geog Elect N2010 P2 Use information from Fig. 8 to explain why some waves are described as constructive, whilst others are described as destructive. 16
- 17. Use information from Fig. 8 to explain why some waves are described as constructive, whilst others are described as destructive. Constructivewaves waves Destructive waves • Low energy • High energy waves (small) (large) • Swash stronger than • BW is stronger backwash as BW is weak because energy is used than swash due to to overcome friction with strong winds gentle seabed • Strong BW • Deposition of sediments removes the occurs as BW is too eroded materials weak to carry load back into the sea to sea 17
- 18. Coasts are shaped by ... Text pg Tides 189 • Daily alternate rising and falling of the sea level • Cause by gravitational pull of the moon • Each coastal area receive two high tides and two low tides daily • During high tide, waves tend to erode more than deposit 18
- 19. Coasts are shaped by ... Text pg Currents 189 • Large scale movement of water in the ocean driven by wind • Longshore current: flow parallel to a coast ( form by waves approaching at an oblique angle) 19
- 20. 20
- 21. 5 (a) (i) State the differences between destructive and constructive waves. [3] (ii) Explain how constructive waves may form beaches. [3] 21
Editor's Notes
- Good noise ( response) Ask questions
- Write on whiteboard
- Wind speed: greater velocity results in greater energy Duration: time taken to generates the waves Fetch: distance or length of the sea( greater fetch greater wave energy)
- Answers for the questions
- Swash stronger than backwash
- Backwash stronger than swash
- Longshore drift in net lesson