This document discusses water resources and challenges in coastal areas. It notes that coastal areas have fragile resources and rely on water for many uses, but face problems with salty water that is unsuitable for drinking, agriculture, or aquatic life. The key issues are that coastal areas have high chloride levels that are harmful to humans and the environment, and fragile ecosystems that support important industries like fishing. Maintaining water quality and managing coastal hazards like storms and flooding will be important for sustaining communities and economies in these regions.

1. GUIDED BY
PROF. M. S. BHAGAT
PRESENTED BY
MR. N.T. SHRIRAME
M-TECH (ENV. ENGG-I) 2014-15

2. Introduction

3. • Water resources are important to both society and ecosystem. We
depend on a reliable, Clean supply of drinking water to sustain our
health.
• We also need water for agriculture, energy production, navigation,
recreation, and manufacturing.
• For any living being water is the primary needs, for which water has
the greatest importance.
• Without foods human can survive for a number of days, but water is
such an essential element that without it he cannot.

5. Freshwater Availability
70% of Earth's surface is water of which 97.5% is salt water and
2.5% is freshwater.
Less than 1% of this 2.5% amount of freshwater is accessible (the
majority is frozen in ice caps or exists as soil moisture).
Below is a further breakdown of freshwater use and availability.

8. 
8
Agricultural
•Irrigation
•Livestock farming
Industrial
•Production of goods and
energy
•Transportation of goods
•Process water
Domestic
• Drinking water
• Food preparation
• Sanitation
• Personal hygiene
• Cultural asset
• Gardening, Car wash
ECOSYSTEMHUMANUSE
Plants
Animals
Photosynthesis
SoilsAquatic Systems

11. • Coastal areas are commonly defined as the interface or transition
areas between land and sea, including large inland lakes.
• In coastal region max salt water present.
• Many of the world's major cities are located in coastal areas, and a
large portion of economic activities.
• At present, about 1.2 billion people live in coastal areas globally,
And day by day increasing population.

12. • Thus, traditional resource-based activities, such as coastal fisheries,
aquaculture, forestry and agriculture, are found side by side with
activities such as industry, shipping and tourism.
• As a result, in the future much larger, younger populations can be
expected in the coastal areas.
•These future coastal residents will demand employment, housing,
energy, food, water and other goods and services, thus presenting a
substantial development challenge.
• Coastal areas are extremely important for the social and economic
welfare of current and future generations.

13. BUT MAIN PROBLEM ARE…….

14. • In coastal areas max salty water.
• Saltwater contains excessive chloride, which is harmful for humans.
• When chloride enters the body as a result of skin contact or by
swallowing, it reacts with the water to produce acids which are
corrosive in nature and which can damage cells and tissues.
• Chloride also has bad effects on the environment.
• It produces leaf burn and adversely affects crops, Chloride ions can
contribute to heart disease and blood pressure, also affects aquatic
life in the region.
• Sea water doesn’t support irrigation, crop production or
consumption.

15. • The coastal areas have very fragile resource base that effects the
economy, agricultural and other activities.
• It is estimated that 90 percent of the world's fish production is
dependent on coastal areas at some time in their life cycle.
• The key water quality parameters are temperature, turbidity, primary
productivity, biochemical oxygen demand and concentration of
pathogens such as coli-form bacteria.

16. PROPERTIES OF WATER
1. Turbidity 2.5 NTU
2. Colour 5 to 20 ppm
3. Odour 1 to 3 TON
4. Temperature 50 to 72 degree celsius
5. pH 6.6 to 8.5
6. Hardness 75 to 115 ppm
7. Chloride 250 mg/l
8. Sulphate < 250 mg/l
9. Iron < 0.3 ppm
10.Manganese < 0.05 ppm
11.Nitrate 45 mg/l

17. NATURAL HAZARDOUS IN COASTAL
AREAS
• Coastal Hazards are physical phenomena that expose a coastal
area to risk of property damage, loss of life and environmental
degradation.
• Disasters that include but are not limited to; storms, tsunamis,
typhoons, flooding, etc.
• It affects millions of people, Around ten million people globally
feel the effects of coastal problems yearly and most are due to
certain natural hazards like coastal flooding with storm surges and
typhoons.

18. SAVE WATER
SAVE LIFE