Detailed background of the 1991 CRZ notification, and how it underwent as many as 25 amendments before the 2011 CRZ notification was passed and a detailed description of CRZ I-IV.
Coastal regulation is a set of rules and regulations laid down by the government in order to keep check on the development in and around coastal regions in India
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
REGIONAL PLAN: A CASE OF MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGIONYash Shah
Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land-use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town. Regional planning is a sub-field of urban planning as it relates land use practices on a broader scale. It also includes formulating laws that will guide the efficient planning and management of such said regions.
Regions require various land uses; protection of farmland, cities, industrial space, transportation hubs and infrastructure, military bases, and wilderness. Regional planning is the science of efficient placement of infrastructure and zoning for the sustainable growth of a region. Advocates for regional planning such as new urbanist Peter Calthorpe, promote the approach because it can address region-wide environmental, social, and economic issues which may necessarily require a regional focus.
A ‘region’ in planning terms can be administrative or at least partially functional, and is likely to include a network of settlements and character areas. In most European countries, regional and national plans are ‘spatial’ directing certain levels of development to specific cities and towns in order to support and manage the region depending on specific needs, for example supporting or resisting polycentrism.
The Mumbai Metropolitan Planning Committee (MMPC) was formed under the provisions of the Maharashtra Metropolitan Planning Committee Act 1999 and has been entrusted with the task of preparing a Regional Plan for the Mumbai Metropolitan Area with help from MMRDA. Currently, the Regional Plan 1996 is in operation which was prepared by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) and sanctioned in 1999. The MMRDA was established under the MMRDA Act, 1974 and undertook the revision of the First regional plan prepared by the Regional Planning Board and sanctioned in 1973, under the provisions of the MR& TP Act, 1966.
Coastal regulation is a set of rules and regulations laid down by the government in order to keep check on the development in and around coastal regions in India
Development control rules,
Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
Land acquisition act,
Village planning: Necessity and principles,
Rural developments- Growth
centre approach, Area Development approach, Integrated rural development
approach.
REGIONAL PLAN: A CASE OF MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGIONYash Shah
Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land-use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town. Regional planning is a sub-field of urban planning as it relates land use practices on a broader scale. It also includes formulating laws that will guide the efficient planning and management of such said regions.
Regions require various land uses; protection of farmland, cities, industrial space, transportation hubs and infrastructure, military bases, and wilderness. Regional planning is the science of efficient placement of infrastructure and zoning for the sustainable growth of a region. Advocates for regional planning such as new urbanist Peter Calthorpe, promote the approach because it can address region-wide environmental, social, and economic issues which may necessarily require a regional focus.
A ‘region’ in planning terms can be administrative or at least partially functional, and is likely to include a network of settlements and character areas. In most European countries, regional and national plans are ‘spatial’ directing certain levels of development to specific cities and towns in order to support and manage the region depending on specific needs, for example supporting or resisting polycentrism.
The Mumbai Metropolitan Planning Committee (MMPC) was formed under the provisions of the Maharashtra Metropolitan Planning Committee Act 1999 and has been entrusted with the task of preparing a Regional Plan for the Mumbai Metropolitan Area with help from MMRDA. Currently, the Regional Plan 1996 is in operation which was prepared by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) and sanctioned in 1999. The MMRDA was established under the MMRDA Act, 1974 and undertook the revision of the First regional plan prepared by the Regional Planning Board and sanctioned in 1973, under the provisions of the MR& TP Act, 1966.
Promoting Sustainable Development of Hill Areas- Issues and OptionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to define the issues and roadblocks facing the growth and development of hill settlements in India and suggests strategies to make them rational and supportive of sustainability
Land Pooling Policy smart step of DDA and Private builders to develop a high class Smart City in Delhi. Get Complete terms of Land Pooling Policy at Comparecasa.
NCR REGION
NCR: Constituent Areas
Enactment of NCR Planning Board Act, 1985
Growth of Pop. & Decadal Growth rate - Delhi (1901-2001)
NCR population distribution
Sub-region wise Population of NCR
Regional Plan-2021 for NCR: Aim and Objectives
Regional Plan-2021 for NCR: Policy Zones
Impact of Delhi Master Plan
Conclusion
The Mumbai Metropolitan Region extends over an area of 4355 sq. km and comprises Municipal Corporations of Greater Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan, Navi Mumbai and Ulhasnagar; 15 municipal towns; 7 non-municipal urban centers; and 995 villages. Its administrative limits cover Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban Districts, and parts of Thane and Raigad District. There are 40 Planning Authorities in the Region that are responsible for the micro-level planning of the different areas.
Presented by IWMI's Priyanie Amerasinghe at a World Wetlands Day dialogue: 'Getting Wetland Research into Policy & Practice' held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on February, 2, 2018
TDR - CASE STUDIES OF MUMBAI CHENNAI BANGALORE
TRANSFERABLE DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS
Transferable Development Rights or TDR can be considered as an important raw material in the real estate industry as it allows the developer to build over and above the permissible Floor Space Index (FSI) under the prevalent rules of the respective locations.
Presentation on the CRZ 2011: Business as usual? by-Marianne ManuelEcotist
Traditional use of coasts such as fish drying and the immense social and cultural importance of this region for the local fishing communities. Associated industries such as thermal power plants and tourism also pose a threat to the coasts.
Promoting Sustainable Development of Hill Areas- Issues and OptionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to define the issues and roadblocks facing the growth and development of hill settlements in India and suggests strategies to make them rational and supportive of sustainability
Land Pooling Policy smart step of DDA and Private builders to develop a high class Smart City in Delhi. Get Complete terms of Land Pooling Policy at Comparecasa.
NCR REGION
NCR: Constituent Areas
Enactment of NCR Planning Board Act, 1985
Growth of Pop. & Decadal Growth rate - Delhi (1901-2001)
NCR population distribution
Sub-region wise Population of NCR
Regional Plan-2021 for NCR: Aim and Objectives
Regional Plan-2021 for NCR: Policy Zones
Impact of Delhi Master Plan
Conclusion
The Mumbai Metropolitan Region extends over an area of 4355 sq. km and comprises Municipal Corporations of Greater Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan, Navi Mumbai and Ulhasnagar; 15 municipal towns; 7 non-municipal urban centers; and 995 villages. Its administrative limits cover Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban Districts, and parts of Thane and Raigad District. There are 40 Planning Authorities in the Region that are responsible for the micro-level planning of the different areas.
Presented by IWMI's Priyanie Amerasinghe at a World Wetlands Day dialogue: 'Getting Wetland Research into Policy & Practice' held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on February, 2, 2018
TDR - CASE STUDIES OF MUMBAI CHENNAI BANGALORE
TRANSFERABLE DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS
Transferable Development Rights or TDR can be considered as an important raw material in the real estate industry as it allows the developer to build over and above the permissible Floor Space Index (FSI) under the prevalent rules of the respective locations.
Presentation on the CRZ 2011: Business as usual? by-Marianne ManuelEcotist
Traditional use of coasts such as fish drying and the immense social and cultural importance of this region for the local fishing communities. Associated industries such as thermal power plants and tourism also pose a threat to the coasts.
Review of RRZ and CRZ notification in Maharashtra. by-P.P.nandusekarEcotist
Classifying Rivers as per the beneficial use of the water: A-I, A-II, A-III & A-IV and SW-II class of water. Discussing very detailed comparison between RRZ Notification dtd.15.07.2000 and dtd.13.07.2009.
Presentation on Implementation of Coastal Regulation Zone Notification dtd.19...Ecotist
Described in detail the multiple challenges of implementing the CRZ regulations. He discussed how a wide gamut of issues such as fishing, industrial pollution, illegal construction and mangrove destruction were faced and many of which were pending. He concluded by comparing CRZ and Maharashtra state RRZ notification.
Current Status of CRZ It’s implementation. by-Vasudev P. Mahale Ecotist
Details of the immense fieldwork required for accurately determining the high tide line (HTL). As clear from the CRZ notification 2011, HTL is an extremely significant parameter for determining the various coastal zones.
Presented by Maria Elena B. San Jose, MPA, Coastal Management Coordinator of the Provincial Environment Management Office during the Seminar on Environmental Laws and Enforcement for the Police Environment Desk Officers and Members of Task Force Ilahas. The said seminar was attended by 75 participants held at the Goverrnor's Hall, Capitol Building, Bacolod City, Negros Occidental on 18-19 September 2013.
Chattahoochee River Watershed Case Study
Michael R. Barr, Alicia L. Case & Kim Werdeman
May 2013
M.Sc. in Sustainability Management | SEM 607 - Watershed Management
National University
Coasts and River Zones: Major Corridors of Concerns. -Dr. Rakesh KumarEcotist
A comprehensive overview on the lack of scientific basis of many of the rules and regulations of CRZ Notification. Rules have safeguards, and enough peer and expert group participation, but implementation is an issue and lack of scientific basis.
coastal water resoueces, this issue really great, because of day by in coastal region population increses but main problems are that area s water is almost salty so thats why majors problems are created about water.
Coastal and River Zone Management: Perspectives from Mumbai. by-Rishi AggarwalEcotist
Observer Research Foundation, made a rousing presentation on the neglected aspects of CRZ interpretation and implementation in Mumbai. Presented several case studies emphasizing that CRZ implementation was not up to the mark. Marked the lack of proper solid waste management strategies in a city like Mumbai.
Marine Pollution Control. - Dr. J.S. Pandey Ecotist
Elaborating about the control of marine pollution. Various types of wastes such as sewage, agricultural run-off, industrial wastes including radioactive waste, and oil spills being sent into the sea. Chemical pesticides find entry into the food chain. Harmful impact of oil spill. Discussing some of the positive features of CRZ Notification 2011, which included the inclusion of seawater as CRZ IV and the concept of hazard line. Ports and associated ship movement for business purposes cause marine pollution.
BOBLME - Indonesia MPA effectiveness management statusSuraji Suraji
BOBLME Marine Protected Area Working Group Meeting telah dilaksanakan di Penang, Malaysia pada tanggal 11-12 Februari 2014. Pertemuan dihadiri oleh perwakilan dari delapan negara, yaitu Indonesia, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Maladewa, Myanmar, Sri Langka dan Tahiland. Delri dalam pertemuan tersebut terdiri dari perwakilan Direktorat Konservasi Kawasan dan Jenis Ikan dan Direktorat sumberdaya Ikan, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Tujuan pelaksanaan dari pertemuan ini adalah : (1) Melakukan updating dan validasi data dan informasi Kawasan Konservasi Perairan (KKP) yang berada di wilayah BOBLME; (2) Menyelesaikan ringkasan kebijakan (Policy Brief) Kawasan Konservasi Perairan di setiap negara anggota BOBLME; (3) Membahas, Mengembangkan dan merekomendasikan program berkelanjutan dan arah kebijkan pengelolaan KKP untuk perikanan dan konservasi keanekaraman hayati baik dari negara maupun perspektif lintas batas; (4) Melaporkan pelaksanaan kegiatatan BOBLME terkait manajemen efektivitas kawasan konservasi perairan.
Pertemuan BOBLME Marine Protected Area Working Group Meeting dibuka oleh Dr. Sarah Park, Discipline Director of NRM, Worldfish. Mr Ku Kassim Bin Yaacob, FRI Penang, DOF dan Mr. Abd. Munthalib Juli, DMP, MoNRE, Putrajaya. Adapun Fasilitator dalam pertemuan ini adalah Dr. Kuperam Viswanathan, Universiti Utrara Malaysia.
Hasil dari pertemuan tersebut diantaranya :
1. Berdasarkan dari data yang di sampaikan oleh BOBLME melalui wordfish bahwa terdapat 15 KKP Indonesia berada di kawasan BOBLME telah di update dan di validasi menjadi 19 KKP dengan total luasan 7.267 KM2
2. Kedelapan negara anggota BOBLME telah menyelesaikan dan melaporkan draft akhir ringkasan kebijakan (Policy Brief) Kawasan Konservasi Perairan
3. Indonesia melaporkan pelaksanaan proyek BOBLME manajemen efektivitas kawasan konservasi perairan di KKPD Pulau Weh Sabang dan TWP Pulau Pieh.
4. Kedelapan anggota BOBLME sepakat untuk memperpanjang proyek BOBLME Marine Protected Area
5. Indonesia mengusulkan 19 KKP yang terdapat dalam kawasan BOBLME masuk kedalam proyek manajemen efektivitas kawasan konservasi perairan BOBLME Marine Protected Area
6. Indonesia mengusukan adanya manajeman plan bersama terkait pengelolaan KKP di kawasan BOBLME
7. Pihak BOBLME mengusulkan proyek transbondary MPA dengan pilot negara Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand.
Pertemuan di tutup oleh Dr. Rudolf Hermes selaku Chief Technical Advisor BOBLME. Dalam sambutannya disampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada semua perserta yang menghadiri dan berperan aktif pada pertemuan ini, sehingga output yang diharapakan dalam pertemuan BOBLME Marine Protected Area Working Group terpenuhi.
Presentation on RRZ Policy. by- Mr. V. M. Motghare Ecotist
The challenges of riverine pollution. Keeping population rise and unplanned urbanization as the major hurdles, he described the sources of pollution such as sewage disposal, industrial effluent discharge, cremation activities , idol immersion and the activity of haphazard sand mining was also brought forth. With this background, he described the RRZ policy enacted by the Maharashtra government and how the rivers here have been classified into zones as per their quality and usage and concluding by discussing the various steps needed to improve the implementation of the RRZ policy.
Protecting Environment by Protecting Wetlands and Mangrove Forests. by- D.S. ...Ecotist
Diminishing Wetlands and vanishing of the shelters for migratory birds are resulting in for these innocent birds moving towards the townships and been killed.
Significance of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing in management of coastal issues. Remote sensing monitoring can serve the dual purpose of water quality monitoring and nature policing.
Coastal Protection Measures Along few stretches of Indian Coast. by-V. Sundar Ecotist
Discussing the various methods of coastal protection against erosion and the challenges faced during management of Indian coasts. Delineating the hard and the soft methods of coastal protection giving several case studies from all around the world and detailing few Indian ones from West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Kerala and Gujarat.
Coastal Eco-systems, Vulnerability, and Sustainability: Social Science Persp...Ecotist
Delineated the extremely significant and sensitive issue of Socio-Economic aspect of CRZ; elaborating on the dubious purpose of CRZ- what is it trying to protect?
OBJECT ORIENTATION in CRZ Notification. by-G.D. ChiplunkarEcotist
Explaining the Concept of OBJECT ORIENTATION by defining Object for a given area at CENTRE LEVEL through nationwide debate, dialogue and all such participatory processes followed for a period of 2 years to 3 years.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Coastal & River Zone Management, Regulations & Development. -Prof. Shyam R. Asolekar
1. Coastal & River Zone Management,
Regulations & Development
Prof. Shyam R. Asolekar
Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
3. Coastal Zone of India (1/2)
• India has a coastline of about 7,500 km
• Nearly 250 million people live within a
distance of 50 km from the coast
• The coastal areas are also the place
where natural disasters are also
experienced
6. Importance of Coastal Zone (1/2)
Coastal environment plays a vital role in nation’s
economy by virtue of the resources, productive
habitats and rich biodiversity. It provides
• Commercial and recreational fisheries
• Mass coastal tourism
• Community and recreational services
• Ports and shipping
• Nature and adventure tourism
• Non-living Resources in Coastal and Marine
Areas
• Hydrocarbons
• Placers and other Minerals
7. • Salt and Chemicals
• Freshwater
• Renewable energy resources
• Areas of Scenic/Aesthetic Value and Heritage
• Marine Biodiversity
• Mangroves
• Corals
• Sea-grass beds
• Coastal Forests and Wildlife Areas
• Marine Parks and Sanctuaries
• Turtle Nesting Grounds
Importance of Coastal Zone (2/2)
10. Threats to Coastal Zone (1/3)
• The Super Cyclone had caused massive
destruction along the coast of Orissa in 1999
and its impact was felt several kilometres Inland
• The Tsunami, which occurred on 26th
December,
2004 was one of the most serious and
unexpected natural catastrophes to occur along
the Indian coast
11. Threats to Coastal Area (2/3)
• Pressures of development
• Recreational and housing activities
• Denudation of precious mangrove forests
• Large-scale sand mining
• Extraction of coral reefs
• Dumping of sewage and toxic wastes into the
sea
12. Threats to Coastal Area (3/3)
• Gradual and incremental exploitation of the
coast over a long time
• Till recently, problems more associated with
major cities on the coast
• Now rapid economic growth—enormous
pressure on the coastal space and coastal
resources
• Pressures from industrialization, port
infrastructure, tourism, coastal aquaculture,
expansion of urban areas, mining
14. CRZ Background (1/2)
• The Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi in 1981,
after taking a note of unplanned development in
the coastal areas wrote letters to all the coastal
States to take adequate measures for protecting
the coastal environment
• She had proposed in 1981 that no permanent
constructions should be undertaken within 500
metres of the high-tide line
• As the follow-up of the PM’s directive, the then
Department of Environment & Forests initiate
preparation of a guideline for protecting the
beaches of the country
Source: M.S. Swaminathan Committee Report, 2005- “To Review the Coastal regulation Zone
Notification, 1991”
15. CRZ Background (2/2)
• However, none of the State/UT Governments
took the guidelines seriously since, it had no
statutory backing
• This suggestion was given legal content by the
Ministry of Environment and Forests through
the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification dated
19th
February, 1991 under the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986
• The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification
issued in 1991 was the first major legislation
that was aimed at regulating various coastal
activities and protecting the coastal
environment
Source: M.S. Swaminathan Committee Report, 2005 “To Review the Coastal regulation Zone
Notification, 1991”
17. CRZ Notification, 1991
In the exercise of the power conferred by Clause
(d) of sub-rule (3) of Rule 5 of the Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986:
The Central Government declared the coastal
stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers
and backwaters which were influenced by tidal
action (in the landward side) upto 500 metres from
the High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the
Low Tide Line (LTL) and the HTL as Coastal
Regulation Zone
(Source: MoEF, Govt. of India)
18. Prohibited Activities of CRZ
Notification, 1991 (1/4)
Following Activities were Prohibited in the CRZ
Notification
1.Setting up of new industries and expansion of
existing industries, except those directly related
to water front or directly needing foreshore
facilities
2.Manufacture or handling or storage or disposal
of hazardous substances specified in the
Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 1989
3.Setting up and expansion of fish processing
units including warehousing (excluding hatchery
and natural fish drying in permitted areas)
19. 4. Setting up and expansion of units/mechanism
for disposal of waste and effluents, except
facilities required for discharging treated
effluents into the water course with approval
under the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act,1974; and except for storm water
drains
5. Discharge of untreated wastes and effluents
from industries, cities or towns and other
human settlements
6. Dumping of city or town waste for the
purposes of land filling or otherwise; the
existing practice, if any, shall be phased out
Prohibited Activities of CRZ
Notification, 1991 (2/4)
20. 7. Dumping of ash or any wastes from thermal
power stations
8. Mining of sand, rocks and other substrata
materials, except those rare minerals not
available outside the CRZ areas
9. Harvesting or withdrawal of ground water and
construction of mechanisms therefore within
200 m of HTL
10.In the 200 m to 500 m zone it shall be permitted
only when done manually through ordinary
wells for drinking, horticulture, agriculture and
fisheries
11.Construction activities in ecologically
sensitive areas as specified in Annexure-I of
this Notification
Prohibited Activities of CRZ
Notification, 1991 (3/4)
21. 12. Any construction activity between the LTL and
HTL except facilities for carrying treated
effluents and waste water discharges into the
sea, facilities for carrying sea water for
cooling purposes, oil, gas and similar
pipelines and facilities essential for activities
permitted under this Notification
13. Dressing or altering of sand dunes, hills
natural features including landscape charges
for beautification, recreational and other such
purpose, except as permissible under the
Notification
Prohibited Activities of CRZ
Notification, 1991 (4/4)
23. Classification of India’s Coastal
Zone (1/3)
Category I (CRZ -I) Ecologically Sensitive &
Important
a)Ecologically sensitive and important, such as
national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries,
reserve forests, wild habitats, mangroves,
corals/coral reefs, area close to breeding and
spawning grounds of fish and other marine life,
areas of outstanding natural beauty
b)Historical and heritage areas, areas rich in
genetic biodiversity, areas likely to be
inundated due to rise in sea level consequent
upon global warming
c)Areas between the Low Tide Line and High Tide
Line
24. Classification of India’s Coastal
Zone (2/3)
Category II (CRZ -II) Built-up Municipal Areas
The areas that have already been developed up
to the shoreline
For this purpose, developed area is referred to
as that area within the municipal limits or in
other legally designated urban areas which is
already substantially built up and which has
been provided with drainage and approach
roads and other infrastructural facilities, such
as water supply and sewerage mains
25. Classification of India’s Coastal
Zone (3/3)
Category III (CRZ -III) Rural Areas
Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those,
which do not belong to either Category I or II.
These will include coastal zone in the areas
(developed and undeveloped) and also areas
within Municipal limits or in other legally
designated urban areas which are not
substantially built-up
Category IV (CRZ -IV) The Islands of
Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar
Coastal stretches in the Lakhadweep, Andaman
& Nicobar Islands, and small islands, except
those designated as CRZ I, CRZ II and CRZ III
27. Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (1/11)
Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
1. B.B.
Vohra
Committee
(January,
1992)
Tourism Reduction of
distance of the Non
Development Zone
(NDZ) in selected
coastal stretches for
promoting tourism
Reduced NDZ
area all along
tidal water
bodies from
100 to 50m
(amendment
dt.18th
August,1994)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
28. Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
1. B.B.
Vohra
Committee
(January,
1992)
Tourism Public access
between two resorts
to be 6m
Maintaine 20 m
distance
between two
resorts
(amendment dt.
8th
August,
1994)
Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (2/11)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
29. Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
2. Prof.
N.B. Nair
Committee
(December,
1996)
Kerala
CRZ
Inclusion of census
towns and
panchayats, which
are substantially
built up to be
declared as urban
areas (CRZ-II)
None
Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (3/11)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
30. Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by MoEF
2. Prof.
N.B. Nair
Committee
(Dec, 1996)
Kerala
CRZ
Storage of
petroleum
products in CRZ
area
CRZ amended
(amendment
dated 9th
July,
1997)
Kerala
CRZ
Reduction of CRZ
to 50m along tidal
water bodies in
Kerala
Not considered
Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (4/11)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
31. Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
3. Fr.
Saldanha
Committee
– I
(Dec,1996)
Advice on
withdrawal
of ground
water and
extraction
of sand in
A & N
Islands
Extraction of
Ground water by
manual method in
50-200m from the
HTL for local
communities of
A & N Islands
Permitted
(amendment
dated 31st
January, 1997)
Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (5/11)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
32. Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
3. Fr.
Saldanha
Committee
– I
(Dec,1996)
Advice on
withdrawal
of ground
water and
extraction
of sand in
A & N
Islands
Mining of sand in
the CRZ area for a
short period for 1-
2 years only
Permitted
mining of sand
in the CRZ
area, thereafter
MoEF has been
periodically
extending on
yearly basis
Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (6/11)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
33. Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
4.
Dr. Arcot
Ramachan
dran
Committee
(1996)
Ocean
Regulation
Zone-activities
need to be
included in the
seaward side
of the coast
Inclusion of several
activities for
prohibition/regulati
on in the ocean part
of the coastal zone
No action
taken
Various Committees Constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (7/11)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
34. Various Committees constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (8/11)
Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
5. Fr.
Saldanha
Committee
- II (June,
1997)
- Construction of
dwelling units within
200 metres in CRZ-III
only for bonafide
traditional settlers
No
amendment
after issuing a
draft
dated 11th
January, 2002
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
35. Various Committees constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (9/11)
Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by
MoEF
6. D. M.
Sukthanka
r
Committee
- I (May,
2000)
Relating
to Mumbai
and Navi
Mumbai
Increase in Floor
Space Index (FSI) for
undertaking slum
redevelopment
schemes and
rehabilitation of
dilapidated
structures
No action on
the report
since the
recommendati
ons were not
in line with
the CRZ
Notification
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
36. Various Committees constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (10/11)
Committee Issues
Covered
Key Recommendation/
Observations
Action
by MoEF
7. D.M.
Sukthankar
Committee-
II
(March,
2000)
Examine the
issues of
coastal zone
management
in a holistic
manner
prepare a
(NCZP)
Coastal zone should be
based on risk from
erosion and flooding,
environmental
clearance procedure to
be adopted for
developmental
No
action
taken
National Coastal Zone Policy (NCZP)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
37. Various Committees constituted by
MoEF on CRZ implementation (11/11)
Committee Issues
Covered
Key
Recommendation/
Observations
Action by MoEF
8. Prof.
M.S.
Swaminat
han
Committee
-II
(February,
2005)
Review the
CRZ
Notificatio
n and
suggest
changes to
strengthen
it
Recommended a
new coastal
management
strategy, Integrated
Coastal Zone
Management
Approach,
Reclassification of
the coastal zone
into four Zones
The MoEF has
proposed to
replace the CRZ
Notification,
1991 with a
Coastal
Management
Zone
Notification
(CMZ)
Source: www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=45
39. Amendments to the CRZ Notification (1/5)
• During 1991 and 2009, 25 amendments have been
added to the CRZ Notification, 1991
• S.O.595(E), dated 18th
August, 1994 – Relaxed
Coastal Regulation Zone area to 50 mts along the
tidal influenced water bodies (this was based on
B. B. Vohra Committees report, The Supreme
Court in 1993 invalidated the above amendment
• S.O.73(E), dated 31st
January, 1997 – Permitted
mining of sand and drawal of groundwater in the
Coastal Regulation Zone area in Andaman and
Nicobar (A&N)
• S.O.494(E), dated 9th
July, 1997 – Permitted
reclamation within port limits, constructions for
operation expansion and modernization of ports,
Development of public utilities within Sunderbans
40. • S.O.730(E), dated 4th
August, 2000 – Permitted
storage of LNG in the inter –tidal area and
exploration and extraction of oil and gas in CRZ
areas
• S.O.329(E), dated 12th
April, 2001 – Permitting
setting up of projects and Department of Atomic
Energy, Pipelines and conveying systems in
CRZ areas
• S.O.550 (E), dated 21st
May, 2002 – Permitted non
polluting industries in the field of IT and other
service industries in the CRZ area of special
economic zones. Housing schemes of State
Urban development Authorities initiated prior to
19.2.1991 was also permitted
Amendments to the CRZ Notification (2/5)
41. • S.O.110(E), dated 19th
October, 2002 – Permitted
non conventional energy facilities, desalination
plans, air strips in CRZ of A&N and a
Lakshadweep, Storage of non-hazardous cargo
such as edible oil, fertilizer and food grain was
also permitted
• S.O.460(E), dated 22nd
April, 2003 – Project
costing more than 5 crores requires clearance
from Ministry of Environment and Forests
• S.O.636(E), dated 30th
May, 2003 – Permitted
construction of embarkation facilities for
Lakshadweep in Coastal Regulation Zone –I
areas
Amendments to the CRZ Notification (3/5)
42. • S.O.725(E), dated 24th
June, 2003 – Permitted
construction of trans -harbour sea links passing
through CRZ –I areas
• S.O.838(E), dated 24th
July, 2003 – Relaxed No
Development Zone to 50 mts from 200 mts from
HTL in A&N and Lakshadweep for promoting
tourism based on Integrated Coastal Zone
Management study
Amendments to the CRZ Notification (4/5)
43. • S.O.Nil (E), dated 25th
January 2005- The
amendment states that in A&N Islands, mining of
sand may be permitted for construction purpose
on a case to case basis by a Committee
constituted by the Lieutenant Governor of the
Adman & Nicobar (A&N) Islands consisting of-
(1) The Chief Secretary, A & N Administration
(2) Secretary, Department of Environment
(3) Secretary, Department of Water Resources
(4) Secretary, Andaman Public Works
Department
Amendments to the CRZ Notification (5/5)
45. Coastal Regulation Zone
Notification, 2011
The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification of
1991 has been replaced recently in January, 2011
by the latest CRZ notification of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF)
Apart from codifying the 25 amendments that
were made to CRZ notification between 1991-
2009, the CRZ notification (2011) has several new
feature
(Source: MoEF, CRZ Notification, 2011)
46. Features of CRZ, 2011
Notification (1/2)
1.It has special provisions for Goa, Kerala,
Greater Mumbai and critically vulnerable
coastal areas (CVCAs) like -
Sunderban mangrove area (West Bengal),
Chilka and Bhitarkanika (Orissa), Gulf of
Khambat and Gulf of Kutch (Gujarat), Malwan
(Maharashtra), Karwar and Kundapur
(Karnataka), Vembanad (Kerala), Coringa, East
Godavari and Krishna Delta (Andhra Pradesh),
Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu)
2.Clear procedures for obtaining CRZ approval
with time-lines have been stipulated along with
post-clearance monitoring and enforcement
mechanisms
47. Features of CRZ, 2011
Notification (2/2)
3.Water area up to 12 nautical miles in the sea
and the entire water area of a tidal water body
such as creek, river, estuary etc., would now be
included in the CRZ areas, without imposing
any restrictions of fishing activities
4.The concept of a Coastal Zone Management
Plan (CZMP), to be prepared with the fullest
involvement and participation of local
communities, has been introduced
5.The concept of a hazard line to be demarcated
over the next five years has been introduced to
protect life and property of local communities
and infrastructure along coastal areas
48. Coastal Management Zone
• Based on the recommendations of the
Prof. Swaminathan Committee Report,
the Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MoEF) has prepared a draft notification
of Coastal Management Zone (CMZ)
49. Concerns About the Draft Notification of
CMZ
• As reported by many NGOs, Civil Society and
fishery unions, the following problems will be
faced, if the CMZ draft notification is
implemented:
– The forest land along the country’s coastline,
currently protected under the Forest Protection Act,
will be thrown up for development
– The move will lead to the development of resorts,
hotels and mega housing projects, leading to the
uprooting of fishermen
– Provision for the development of new ports which
might be disastrous for India’s ecological balance
– The proposed regularization of violations, such as
structures built on the seaward side of the existing
roads and structures built contrary to CRZ
51. Proposed Notification on River
Regulation Zone, 2011 (1/3)
• The notification could be similar to the CRZ
notification, and should restrict, regulate or
prohibit various activities in specified stretches
of rivers to a specified distance on both sides
from the natural levee
• The distance will vary from a minimum of 500 m
to the point reached by the 10- year peak flood
in the plains
• River courses need to be divided into various
"eco-zones" or ‘reaches’ depending upon their
climatic and geomorphic features, state of
degradation, human use and potential for
restoration
52. Proposed Notification on River
Regulation Zone, 2011 (2/3)
The activities to be regulated include:
• Various forms of encroachment on river beds
and floodplains
• Particularly all permanent constructions
• Further channelization by levees
• Disposal of solid wastes, and landfills in
floodplain
• Intensive agriculture using agrochemicals and
manure
• Uncontrolled extraction of sand; intensive
grazing and excessive harvesting of vegetation;
immersion of idols
53. Proposed Notification on River
Regulation Zone, 2011 (3/3)
• Disposal of dead bodies
• Religious offerings in indiscriminate
manner
• Even mass bathing, wallowing of cattle
and washing of clothes should be
regulated
54. Questions on the Table
• Do we need such regulated zones?
• Where our regulations stand today?
• What can be done to give justification?
• Is “People First” principle apply here?
• Who will pay?
• Who will monitor?
• Is there a requirement of an integrated
approach to protect our coastal zones?