1st Year B. Pharmacy, Sem-II, Contains Water Resources from the topic natural resources. Student should able to know what is natural resources in that water resources. Following Presentation Content Introduction, Types of water Resources, Use and Overuse of water, Problems associate with water resources above mentioned points gives in detailed in presentation. it is useful for students for their exams.

1. WATER RESOURCES
B. Pharmacy, Environmental Sciences
SVPM’sCollegeofPharmacy
Assist. Prof. Shubhangi Sonawane.

2. • Introduction
• Types of Water Resources
• Use and Overuse of Water
• Problems Associated with Water Resources
• Conservation and Sustainable Water
Management
CONTENT

3. What do you know about water?
• Water is a substance made
up of hydrogen and oxygen.
It can take solid, liquid, and
gaseous forms.
• About 71% of the Earth’s
surface is covered by
water.

4. Introduction
 Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life.
 Water is a renewable and limiting resource
 Water forms 60% of our body weight.
 About 71% of earth's surface is occupied by oceans.
 About 97% of the earth's water is strong saline.
 The rest 3% is freshwater.
 Pure, usable water on land is only 0.3%

5. Saltwater
It is a type of water that
contains a high
concentration of salt.
Saltwater can be found in oceans
and seas. It is a habitat for
organisms such as sea grass,
sharks, and whales.
About 97% of the earth's water is
strong saline.

7. Freshwater
It is a type of water that
has a very low
concentration of salt.
Freshwater can be found in bodies
of water such as lakes, streams,
rivers, and glaciers. It is a habitat
for organisms such as water lilies,
insects, and amphibians.

8. Where can we find freshwater?
1.3% are in
the form of
fog or snow
68.6% are found
on ice caps and
glaciers
30.1 % are
Groundwater

9. Types of Water Resources
1) Saltwater Resources:
Saltwater resources are the one
which use saltwater for the
welfare of human beings and also
to safeguard the environment
from degradation. It is well
known fact that a huge reserve of
saltwater is present on earth
2) Surface Water Resources:
Another important type of water
resources is the surface water
resources. Surface water resources
play a crucial role in maintaining
various kinds of technologies and
enhancing productivity. These
types of water resources are very
vital as 98%of this water is utilized
in different industries for fulfilling
production purposes.
3) Ground Water Resources:
Ground water resources
constitute several kinds of fresh
water resources. Due to its high
functionality, people make use of
ground water to improve the
growth rate of plants.

10. (a)For drinking, cooking,
bathing, washing clothes, etc.
(b)For disposal of sewage and
other organic wastes.
(c)For disposal of industrial
effluents.
(d)For generation of electricity.
(e)For use in industrial plants.
(f)For construction of buildings.
(g)For irrigation
(h)For rearing of fish and other
aquatic organisms.
Water use has been increasing 4-8%
annually since 1950. 70% of the total
water accounts for agriculture, 1.1% for domestic
and municipal consumption and the rest by
industries. There is increasing demand of water to
fulfill our basic needs due to ever growing
population. On the basis of ratio of young people
in the developing countries, it is estimated that the
population will continue to grow in coming
decades. We are in a habit of over utilization of
water while bathing or washing our clothes. Many
farmers use more water for irrigation than
needed. There are many ways to decrease the use
of water without reducing yields, e.g., sprinkler
irrigation, drip irrigation, etc

11. Problems
Associated With
Water Resources
Floods
Drought
Water Crisis
Water Pollution

12. Floods
• Submerging of very large land area under water,
which harms crops, organisms and humans, is
called a flood.
• Floods are natural phenomena.
• Floods are water related disaster.
• flood occurs when the Geomorphic Equilibrium in
the river system is disturbed because of intrinsic or
extrinsic factors
a) Flooding in a river due to aggradation of river bed
(intrinsic threshold).
b) Flooding in a river due to heavy rainfall
(extrinsic threshold)

13. Causes of Flood
(a) Deforestation of watersheds trees of rivers which is due to human
activities. Rivers get silted due to soil eroded from denuded mountains and
water overflows the riverbanks causing a great harm.
(b) Water absorbing capacity of soil decreases due to deforestation resulting
into flash floods in rainy season and drought in other seasons.
(c) Wetlands of bet areas of rivers in the plains are the natural ways to
control the floods. Crop cultivation in bet areas and destruction of wetlands
have resulted into great destruction by floods.
(d) Sometimes landslides block the way of a river and water gets
accumulated in the upstream areas which results into flood

14. Floods Impacts
• Human Loss
• Property Loss
• Affects the Major Roads
• Disruption of Air / Train / Bus services
• Spread of Water-borne Communicable Diseases
• Communication Breakdown
• Electricity Supply Cut off
• Economic and Social Disruption
• Increase in Air / Water Pollution

15. Drought
• Rains are very unpredictable. This leads to periods
where there is serious scarcity of water.
• Drought prone areas are faced with irregular
periods of famine as farmers have no income.
• To prevent this: Drought prone areas Development
Programs have been launched: Under this scheme,
people are given wages in bad years for activities
like building roads, minor irrigation works and
plantation programs. Drought affects home,
agriculture, industry, leads malnutrition problems
in children due to shortages.

16. Water Crisis
Water criseis signifies the shortage of water, an
imbalance between the demand and supply of water,
also a good quality of water i.e. potable water.
Water is a precious resource is largely getting
wasted due to human carelessness and lack of
planning and hence we are facing the scarcity of
water. According to the United Nations, a person
needs a minimum of 50 liter's of water per day for his
basic needs of hygiene, cooking and drinking. But
there is a large population which fails to receive this
small quantity of water and hence most of the
population is getting affected by water scarcity.

17. Causes of Water Crisis
• Even though about 71% of earth’s surface is covered with water.
Freshwater is the only source of useful water which is present in very
small quantity thus limiting the accessibility to potable water.
• Rainwater is an important source of fresh water. It needs to be
harvested so that it can be put to use.
• Human society is overusing water and in many cases wasting it.
• Loss of water due to leakages, excessive use of water for washing
purposes, taps left open after use are some common sights that form
the basis of the problem of water scarcity.
• Due to the large increase in population, the demand is much more than
supply.
• Due to industrialization and urbanization has hugely increased the
consumption of water.

18. Give your ideas for
conservation and
management of
water resources

19. THANK YOU
SVPM’sCollegeofPharmacy
Assist. Prof. Shubhangi Sonawane.