Lake
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This document discusses stratification in lakes. It describes how lakes are vertically divided into three layers - the epilimnion on top which is mixed by wind, the metalimnion in the middle where temperature drops rapidly, and the hypolimnion on the bottom which remains cool and unaffected by wind. It also explains how the stability of this stratification depends on the energy required to uniformly mix the layers, and discusses differences between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes in terms of biomass, diversity, and water quality.
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limnology notes
Lakes contain dissolved gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and methane. The amounts and distributions of these gases depend on factors such as precipitation, temperature, water movement, and chemical reactions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels indicate biological activity, entering water through diffusion, photosynthesis, and the decomposition of organic matter. The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature and pressure.
Lotic
This document defines and describes lotic systems. Lotic systems include streams and rivers, which are flowing bodies of water. Key characteristics of lotic systems are that the water flows in one direction, from upstream to downstream; the channels are narrower and longer than lakes; and the flowing water continually deepens and widens the channel over time. Lotic systems have shorter water retention times than lentic systems like lakes, due to the constant movement of water.
Freshwater ecology
This document provides an overview of freshwater ecology, including the types and classification of freshwater ecosystems. It discusses the key limiting factors for freshwater habitats, such as light penetration, temperature, oxygen levels, and nutrient concentrations. Freshwater ecosystems are classified as lentic (still water) or lotic (flowing water). Lentic systems include lakes and ponds, while lotic systems include rivers and streams. Each system has different zones defined by factors like depth, flow, and light levels, which influence the types of organisms that can survive there.
Lake ecology 2017
Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. The document defines different types of freshwater environments like lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps, and marshes. It describes the characteristics of these environments and explains concepts in lake ecology like littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic zones. Key factors that influence lakes include light, temperature, nutrients, and stratification into epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion layers.
Lakes
Lakes are inland bodies of fresh water formed in depressions on the land surface. They are found all over the world but are most common in high latitude and mountainous regions. Lakes form through processes such as glacial erosion and deposition, shifts in the Earth's crust, volcanic activity, and landslides. Lakes stratify into layers based on water temperature and density. In temperate lakes, seasonal changes cause the layers to mix, replenishing oxygen levels. Lakes support a variety of plant and animal life adapted to different depths and oxygen conditions. Human activities can negatively impact lakes through pollution, development, and other disturbances.
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Freshwater Ecology
Freshwater ecology is the study of freshwater ecosystems and their organisms. Freshwater habitats can be classified as lentic, such as lakes and ponds, or lotic, such as rivers and streams. Lentic habitats are characterized by still water while lotic habitats have flowing water. Organisms in freshwater ecosystems are limited by factors like temperature, current, transparency, gas and nutrient concentrations, and inhabit zones based on their mode of life such as benthic, planktonic, or nektonic.
Freshwater Ecosystem
Freshwater Ecosystems include standing water or lentic such as lakes, ponds, marshes and wet lands, and the flowing water or lotic such as spring, streams and rivers. This ecosystem is normally of very low salinity usually between 15 to 30 ppt. They are highly variable and their characteristics depend upon the surrounding geology, land use and pollution levels.
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limnology notes
Lakes contain dissolved gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and methane. The amounts and distributions of these gases depend on factors such as precipitation, temperature, water movement, and chemical reactions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels indicate biological activity, entering water through diffusion, photosynthesis, and the decomposition of organic matter. The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature and pressure.
Lotic
This document defines and describes lotic systems. Lotic systems include streams and rivers, which are flowing bodies of water. Key characteristics of lotic systems are that the water flows in one direction, from upstream to downstream; the channels are narrower and longer than lakes; and the flowing water continually deepens and widens the channel over time. Lotic systems have shorter water retention times than lentic systems like lakes, due to the constant movement of water.
Freshwater ecology
This document provides an overview of freshwater ecology, including the types and classification of freshwater ecosystems. It discusses the key limiting factors for freshwater habitats, such as light penetration, temperature, oxygen levels, and nutrient concentrations. Freshwater ecosystems are classified as lentic (still water) or lotic (flowing water). Lentic systems include lakes and ponds, while lotic systems include rivers and streams. Each system has different zones defined by factors like depth, flow, and light levels, which influence the types of organisms that can survive there.
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Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. The document defines different types of freshwater environments like lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps, and marshes. It describes the characteristics of these environments and explains concepts in lake ecology like littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic zones. Key factors that influence lakes include light, temperature, nutrients, and stratification into epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion layers.
Lakes
Lakes are inland bodies of fresh water formed in depressions on the land surface. They are found all over the world but are most common in high latitude and mountainous regions. Lakes form through processes such as glacial erosion and deposition, shifts in the Earth's crust, volcanic activity, and landslides. Lakes stratify into layers based on water temperature and density. In temperate lakes, seasonal changes cause the layers to mix, replenishing oxygen levels. Lakes support a variety of plant and animal life adapted to different depths and oxygen conditions. Human activities can negatively impact lakes through pollution, development, and other disturbances.
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The document discusses the different zones of the marine environment and the organisms found within them. It describes two main zones: the pelagic zone, which includes the water column, and is further divided based on light penetration and depth; and the benthic zone, which includes the ocean floor and seabed. It also classifies marine organisms as plankton in the pelagic zone, nekton as active swimmers, or benthos living in or on the seabed.
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Freshwater ecology is the study of freshwater ecosystems and their organisms. Freshwater habitats can be classified as lentic, such as lakes and ponds, or lotic, such as rivers and streams. Lentic habitats are characterized by still water while lotic habitats have flowing water. Organisms in freshwater ecosystems are limited by factors like temperature, current, transparency, gas and nutrient concentrations, and inhabit zones based on their mode of life such as benthic, planktonic, or nektonic.
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Freshwater Ecosystems include standing water or lentic such as lakes, ponds, marshes and wet lands, and the flowing water or lotic such as spring, streams and rivers. This ecosystem is normally of very low salinity usually between 15 to 30 ppt. They are highly variable and their characteristics depend upon the surrounding geology, land use and pollution levels.
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This document provides an overview of marine ecosystems. It discusses the key characteristics of marine ecosystems, including the abiotic (temperature, nutrients, salinity) and biotic (organisms, predators) components. It also describes several important marine habitats like oceans, estuaries, and on-shore ecosystems. Estuaries are productive areas where freshwater and saltwater mix that provide nurseries for many species. On-shore ecosystems like beaches, lagoons, and salt marshes experience tidal influences and land-sea interactions.
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Lakes and ponds vary greatly in size and can form through geological, glacial, volcanic, or other natural processes. They support a diversity of plant and animal life adapted to different zones defined by water depth, temperature, and light availability. Larger lakes are often classified as oligotrophic or eutrophic based on nutrient levels, which influence productivity. Species inhabiting lakes and ponds perform important ecological functions like providing fresh water and supporting food webs, but these ecosystems also face threats from pollution and eutrophication.
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Practice Problems -Due next class period Fully describe how nitrogen (ammonia an dissolved
oxygen problems in surface waters? Describe the processes of lake stratifica diagram or drawing
that you have generated yourself. Identify a Nitrogen, Phosphorus, or Nutrient impaired water
using the EPATMDL database and discuss the following items d nitrate) and phosphorus
pollutants lead to tion and turnover in your own words, using at least 1 Provide a map of the
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Limnology
Solution
Answer 1: Poor water quality in lakes can have many unpleasant consequences. Rough fish –
such as carp and bullhead – populations increase at the expense of game fish populations. Severe
nuisance algal blooms yield unpleasant odor and appearance that reduce the aesthetic appeal of
lakes. This may result in declines in fishing and swimming and hurt tourism. As algae die and
decompose, the process consumes oxygen. Submerged plants without sunlight die, decompose
and consume more oxygen. Without enough dissolved oxygen in the water, fish and other
organisms suffer and die because they can\'t “breathe.” This can occur locally or much farther
downstream leading to degraded estuaries, lakes and reservoirs
Answer 2: Lake is stratified on the basis of temperature difference along the lake depth. Also
called as lake thermal stratification. Cold water is denser than warm water and the epilimnion
generally consists of water that is not as dense as the water in the hypolimnion.
There are 3 layers
Lake turnover is the process of a lake\'s water turning over from top (epilimnion) to bottom
(hypolimnion). During the summer, the epilimnion, or surface layer, is the warmest..
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Water Pollution in Lakes
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Water Pollution in Lakes (causes, effects, sources)
Biology 205 4
This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on life in water. It discusses the hydrologic cycle and how it exchanges water among different reservoirs. It then describes various aquatic systems in more detail, including the ocean and its structure, shallow waters like coral reefs and kelp forests, marine shores and the intertidal zone, estuaries and wetlands, rivers and streams, and lakes. For each system, it outlines characteristics like temperature, salinity, oxygen levels, and how organisms have adapted to conditions in different parts of the system. It also discusses human impacts like pollution, overharvesting, and invasive species.
The Subsurface Environment
This document discusses different types of subsurface waters and their origins. It defines four main types: 1) Meteoric waters which occur near the surface and are involved in the hydrological cycle. 2) Formation waters (connate waters) which are trapped in sedimentary basins and have evolved over time through water-rock interactions. 3) Juvenile waters of igneous or metamorphic origin. 4) Mixed waters. It also discusses settings of earth's water, how water moves between settings like oceans, lakes, rivers, atmosphere, and groundwater, and reduction potential as a measure of water quality.
The price of water 4.1
This document discusses water on Earth including its composition, states, and movement through the water cycle. It describes where water is found on Earth such as in oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and as water vapor in the atmosphere. The document outlines the water cycle processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, and transpiration. It provides statistics on the distribution of Earth's water supply between oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and other surface water sources. The document also describes the composition and layers of the oceans, as well as freshwater reservoirs like glaciers, ice sheets, lakes, and rivers.
Lakes and Sedimentological Environment.pptx
This document provides an overview of lakes and lake sediment environments. It discusses:
- How lakes are classified based on whether their water leaves through outlets or only by evaporation.
- Lakes function as sediment traps, with coarser particles settling more rapidly than finer ones. Lake sediments provide a record of environmental changes over time.
- The main sources of lake sediments, including materials transported from land, those produced within the lake by organisms, and chemicals precipitated from solutions.
- Lakes are classified based on their trophic state (nutrient levels), ranging from oligotrophic (few nutrients) to eutrophic (many nutrients).
- Lake stratification results in distinct layers (epilimnion, metalim
Aquatic biomes
There are two main types of aquatic biomes: freshwater and marine. Freshwater biomes include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wetlands. Marine biomes include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Both freshwater and marine biomes can be physically stratified based on variables like light, temperature, and nutrients. Primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems is limited by available light, nutrients, and temperature, with nutrients often being the limiting factor for growth.
Bio ppt
This document discusses several topics related to freshwater biology and limnology. It defines oxygen deficit as the difference between the saturation dissolved oxygen level and actual dissolved oxygen level in a stream. It also lists factors that affect the rate of reoxygenation in streams, including depth, velocity, oxygen deficit, and temperature. Additionally, it provides definitions and descriptions of eutrophication, flora, fauna, and different types of lakes and lake communities.
Aquatic ecosystemsppt
There are several types of aquatic ecosystems including freshwater ecosystems like lakes, rivers, and wetlands as well as marine ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems are important as they support biodiversity, provide breeding grounds, act as buffer systems, and are part of the water cycle. They can be altered by both natural processes like succession over time as well as human impacts like water pollution, excessive fertilizer use, industrial waste, and other forms of waste disposal.
Water zonation
Freshwater bodies can be divided into zones based on environmental factors like depth and sunlight penetration. The major zones are:
1) The littoral zone near the shoreline, which receives nutrients from runoff and supports plant and algae growth.
2) The limnetic zone in open water, divided into the euphotic zone near the surface with sunlight and oxygen, and the deeper profundal zone without sunlight below the thermocline.
3) The benthic zone along the bottom consists of sediments and decomposes organic matter from the other zones.
Marine environments also exhibit zonation. The water column is divided horizontally into neritic and oceanic zones, and vertically into phot
Water Quality Indicators substances found in water.ppt
Most dissolved substances found in water are measured in parts per million (ppm) or even smaller amounts. This means that for every one million parts (units) of water there is a certain number of parts of the substance.
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Practice Problems -Due next class period Fully describe how nitrogen .pdf
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Water Quality Indicators substances found in water.ppt
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyPromoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
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Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
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Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
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Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
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Lake
- 1. STRATIFICATION IN LAKES CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY PRESENTED BY ADAM KHAN C# 3 4 7 TH SEMESTER 1
- 2. INTRODUCTION OF LAKES A lake is an area, filled with fresh or salt water of considerable size,localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land. 2
- 3. TYPES OF LAKE There are two types of lakes Eutrophic lakes Those that are shallow, saucer-like ones called eutrophic lakes Oligotrophic lakes usually, turbid water and deep, steep-sided ones called oligotrophic lakes with clear water. 3
- 4. EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION Oligotrophic Low biomass High diversity Complex food web Oxic waters Cold-water fish present High aesthetic quality No taste or odor problems Eutrophic High biomass Low diversity Simple food chain Anoxic bottom waters Cold-water fish absent Low aesthetic quality Taste and odor problems Rough fish abundant Toxic algae present 4
- 5. DARAL LAKE VALLEY LALKOO LAKE 5
- 6. STABILITY OF LAKE STRATIFICATION Stable stratification results when waters of differing densities are positioned vertically in order of their density In other words, more density (heavier) water lies below less dense (lighter) water Energy is required to break down this density gradient Stability of stratification is the energy required to uniformly mix a stratified lake. 6
- 7. THERMAL ZONES IN A STRATIFIED LAKE 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Temperature oC Depth (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 7
- 8. LAKE COLOR Scattering and absorption of light give lake part of its characteristic color Clean water - blue color More and bigger particles scatter longer wavelengths and absorb shorter wavelengths Blue-green, green, yellow 8
- 9. STRATIFICATION OF LAKES Lake divided vertically into 3 regions Epilimnion Metalimnion(thermocline) Hypolimnion 9
- 10. Epilimnion –top of the lake uniformly warm layer mixed by wind Metalimnion – middle layer Intermediate zone where temperature drops rapidly with increasing depth Also referred to as thermocline - plane between two depths between which temperature change is greatest . 10
- 11. HYPOLIMNION THE BOTTOM LAYER. uniformly cool lower layer unaffected by wind 11
- 12. 12
- 13. CHEMISTRY OF LAKES - OXYGEN o Oxygen is the second most abundant element in the atmosphere (20%) But is only weakly soluble in water (10 ppm) o Most aquatic organisms require 4-5 mg/L for survival So… oxygen can be a limiting factor in aquatic systems The absence of oxygen can allow other chemicals like H2S to build up. 13
- 14. LAKE CHEMISTRY - OXYGEN Sources Atmosphere Photosynthesis o 6CO2 + 6H20 + light C6H12O6 + O2 Sinks Respiration Chemical oxidation Gas bubbles 14
- 15. NUTRIENT LIMITATION The growth of algae and higher aquatic plants in lakes is regulated by conditions of light and temperature and the availability of those inorganic nutrients required to support growth. The element most often in limiting supply is phosphorus, P. 15
- 16. 16
- 17. LAKE CLASSIFICATION BY CIRCULATION • Amixis refers to a lake that does not ever turnover; called an amictic lake. • Holomixis refers to lake turnover. The frequency of mixis over annual to decadal time scales is used in classifying lakes. • Dimictic lakes follow the pattern described for temperate lakes; spring and fall turnovers. • Oligomictic lakes turnover every few years. – . 17
- 18. • MONOMICTIC LAKES TURNOVER ONCE. Cold monomixis: colder lakes that inverse stratify only under winter ice cover and mix the remainder of the year. Warm monomixis: warmer lakes that mix during winter (never freeze over) and stratify in summer. 18
- 19. MICROBIAL FAUNA IN LAKES Microbes include bacteria, bacteria-like organisms called archaea, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and protists. Cyanobacteria are an important group of plants often appearing a dominant part of the phytoplankton of lakes and reservoirs. They tend to form a dense surface bloom rising to the surface 19
- 20. THANKS 20