- The majority of coal deposits are from the Pennsylvanian period as land plants had fully evolved by this era, allowing for the formation of coal deposits from plant remains. - Major coal deposits in Egypt include the Jurassic-aged "G. Maghara" deposit with estimated reserves of 52 million tons and the "Ayun Mousa" deposit with estimated reserves of 40 million tons. - Other significant Egyptian coal deposits include the "Abu Zenimah" deposit in northeast Egypt with estimated reserves of 75 million tons and deposits from the Carboniferous period around Umm Bogma.

1. Coal Deposits
Supervision by: Dr. Ahmed M. ZayedSupervision by: Dr. Ahmed M. Zayed
Edited by : Mostafa Abdel Azim MasoudEdited by : Mostafa Abdel Azim Masoud
Beni-Suef University- EgyptBeni-Suef University- Egypt

8. Age of Coal Deposits
Majority of the coal deposits are
Pennsylvanian (P) in age; no
coal deposits that are older than
the Devonian (D(.
Land plants had not fully evolved
prior to Devonian therefore coal
deposits which are the remains of
plants could not have formed.
It is also a time in geologic
history when major continental
glaciers occurred in the southern
continents.
Note: carboniferous is divided into
-Mississippians
-Pennsylvanian

9. Note : A maceral is a component, organic in origin, of coal or oil shale. The term
'maceral' in reference to coal is analogous to the use of the term 'mineral' in reference
to igneous or metamorphic rocks. Examples of macerals are inertinite, vitrinite and
liptinite.

10. Examples of Macerals

12. The higher the coal rank the
higher the temperature and
pressure of coal formation.
The higher coal ranks have
a higher percent carbon
and less water.
As moisture and volatiles
are driven off during coal
maturation, carbon is left
behind.
The increased carbon
content increases the heat
content (Btu/lb) of the coal.
Coal Ranks and Energy value

16. In Sinai
1.1.“G.Maghara ", (Jurassic-
Bathonian), and its backup or
reserve is estimated at 52 million
tons.
2."Ayun Mousa“ subsurface coal
deposits that similar in age to
Maghara coal deposits and
backup is estimated at 40 million
tons.
3.Northeast the "Abu Zenimah",
estimated reserve of 75 million
tons.
4.Umm Bogma coal deposits and sme
surrounding areas as Thora and
Beda of Carboniferous age
Occurrence of Coal in Egypt

17. Maghara Coal Deposits